Biological Activities Afforded by the Extract From Raru Bark to Inhibit Action of Alpha- Glucosidase Enzymes

Raru (Shoreabalanocarpoides Sym) signifies one of the tree species that grows widespread in Sumatra Island. Its bark portion is commonly used by local villagers as additional ingredient mixed to nira (sugar palm juice). This addition is intended to make the juice more durable and also to enrich its taste after the juice is previously fermented to become traditional toddy beverage or the so-call “tuak”. Local villagers believe that raru bark can reduce the level of blood sugar. As the relevance, the research was conducted to confirm that the extract from raru bark could afford its biological activities to inhibit alpha-glucosidase enzyme through its characterization, quantification, and isolation of its boactive compound. The extraction was performed using two methods (i.e.reflux and maceration techniques). Result revealed that the bark extract obtained from both techniques contained polyphenol compounds: flavonoid, saponin and tannin. Further, raru-bark extract from the reflux and maceration techniques could inhibit the action of alpha glucosidase enzymes on carbohydrate substrate ( i.e. p -nitrophenil-α-D-glucopyranose), at respectively 90.67% and 97.33%. Meanwhile, the inhibition activities afforded by the patented drug as a control (i.e. glucobay) equaled to 97.05%. Assesment using UV-VIS spectroscopy, showed that the maximum spectrum of bioactive compound in the extract was at the wave length of 288.6 nm. Scrutiny using FTIR spectroscopy could identif y the presence of aromatic groups in the compound, containing -OH, C-H, C=C, C-O and C-H bond types. Analysis using GC-MS exhibited that the compound had molecular weight of 390 with molecular structure as C20H22O8. Ultimately, data analysis scrutiny with the aid of NMR judged the most plausible compound as bioactive was 4-Glucosyl-3, 4', 5-trihydroxystilbene

The Micropropagation of Bananas

A study to obtain a method of rapid clonal propagation of bananas was done. The investigated cultivars were Pisang Mas (AA), Pisang Ambon Kuning (AAA), Pisang Barangan (AAA), and Pisang Rajabulu (AAB). The basal medium was MS, the treatment were IAA (0 - 4.5 mg/l) and BAP (0 - 10.5m g/l), and the explants were suckers from the field. The experiment was designed with Randomized complete design, and repeated in 10 bottles for each treatment. The result of experiment showed that IAA alone significantly induced shoot multiplication. The role of IAA could be replaced by BAP. Cultivars, IAA and BAP interacted each other to induce shoot multiplication. The best treatment to induce shoot multiplication was the combination of IAA and BAP, and the concentration depend on the cultivar. After 8 weeks, the highest number of axilar shoots (12.6 shoots/bottles)w as obtained by Pisang Ambon (AAA), followed by Pisang Mas (AA) 8.2 shoot/bottle, Pisang Barangan (AAA) 7.8 shoot/bottle, and Pisang Rajabulu (AAB) 7.6 shoot/bottle.   Key words: Banana, Micropropagatio

Perancangan Dan Pembuatan Sistem Informasi Administrasi Pada Balai Kesehatan Ibu Dan Anak Puji Astuti

The development of information technology has developed very rapidly following the needs of the times that require speed and accuracy in all aspects of life. Follow developments in terms of hardware, software, and in terms of human resources to operate. At this time almost all areas of life require information technology and human behavior are already accustomed to applying information technology in everyday life. With computers we can perform data processing and data storage. Can also perform data input, edit data, save it, and others. So that the data is managed more effectively and efficiently. With rapid advances in technology today, led to an idea or notion of the writer to try to computerize medical record recording in Maternal and Child Health Center Puji Astuti. The author tries to build an application that will help to facilitate the processing of medical data is more optimal and effective.The system will be made is "Design and Manufacture System Administration Information on Maternal and Child Health Center Puji Astuti". The system is built with a Web-based application for data processing and database PhpMyAdmin clinic as data storage

Struktur Komunitas Zooplankton Di Perairan Desa Mangunharjo Kecamatan Tugu Semarang

Mangunharjo village waters is located in Subdistrict Tugu, Semarang is the waters close to densely populated settlements. Household waste and industrial waste will affect water quality and community structure of zooplankton in waters. The aims of the research was to find out the community structure of Zooplankton in the village Mangunharjo Waters, subdistrict Tugu, Semarang. The method in this research was case study method with the exploratory nature of data collection used Sample Survey Method. The location was set as a research location was the location 1, as the areas of a body of a river, Location 2 as the river estuaries, and Location of 3 as ocean waters. Sampling was performed every 2 weeks for 5 times the sampling making use planktonnet with mesh size 45 μm. Sampling was carried out vertically at high tide and low tide began from May to July 2012. The results obtained 49 genera at high tide, while at low tide obtained 44 genera. Abundance obtained when the observation was an average of 17.90 specs/L at high tide, and at low tide the average gained 20.49 specs/L. Diversity of zooplankton an average of 2.20 obtained at high tide, and an average of 2.13 obtained at low tide. Homogeneity obtained average for sampling at the time of high tide and low tide with the same value at 0.56. The index domination at high tide and low tide also have the same value, the average 0.44

Studi Beberapa Komposisi Medium Tumbuh Tanaman Pengganti Tanah dengan Memanfaatkan Kulit Kayu, Kulit Kacang Tanah, dan Sabut Kelapa yang Diberi Cendawan Trichodenna SP

Bark, peanut shells and coconut husk were evaluated for their suitability as growth media for container plants with Trichoderma sp. as the decomposer and Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) as plant indicator. Treatments were composition of volumes ratio of bark - peanut shells coconut husk: 1 - 2 - 3 (M1), 2 - 2 - 3 (M2), 1 - 4 - 3 (M3), 1 - 2 - 6 (M4), 2 - 4 -3 (M5), 1 - 1 - 3 (M6), 1 - 4 - 6 (M7), and soil - sand - compost; 1 - 1 - 1 (M0) as control. Trichoderma sp..assisted the decomposition process of bark, peanut shells, and coconut husk with C/N ratio in the end of experiment ± 20. The growth and flowering of Tagetes sp. In the composition of bark, peanut shells, and coconut husk in general similar with control up to 10 weeks after planting (WAP). The best bark - peanut shells - coconut husks composition was 1 - 2 - 3, 2 - 4 - 3 was worst for Tagetes sp. growth and diameter of flowers. The highest sum of flowers was found on 1 - 4 - 6

Synthesis of NaY Zeolite Using Mixed Calcined Kaolins

Kaolin is one of several types of clay minerals. The most common crystalline phase constituting kaolin minerals is kaolinite, with the chemical composition Al2Si2O5(OH)4. Kaolin is mostly used for manufacturing traditional ceramics and also to synthesize zeolites or molecular sieves. The Si-O and Al-O structures in kaolin are inactive and inert, so activation by calcination is required. This work studies the conversion of kaolin originating from Bangka island in Indonesia into calcined kaolin phase as precursor in NaY zeolite synthesis. In the calcination process, the kaolinite undergoes phase transformations from metakaolin to mullite. The Bangka kaolin is 74.3% crystalline, predominantly composed of kaolinite, and 25.7% amorphous, with an SiO2/Al2O3 mass ratio of 1.64. Thermal characterization using simultaneous DSC/TGA identified an endothermic peak at 527°C and an exothermic peak at 1013°C. Thus, three calcination temperatures (700, 1013, and 1050 °C) were selected to produce calcined kaolins with different phase distributions. The best product, with 87.8% NaY zeolite in the 54.7% crystalline product and an SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of 5.35, was obtained through hydrothermal synthesis using mixed calcined kaolins with a composition of K700C : K1013C : K1050C = 10 : 85 : 5 in %-mass, with seed addition, at a temperature of 93 °Cand a reaction time of 15 hours

Analisis Komposisi Dan Struktur Vegetasi Terhadap Upaya Restorasi Kawasan Hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango

Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) Forest Area has many ecosystem/forest vegetation type. The research aim was to analysis vegetation structure and composition at GGPNP forest area in many forest vegetation type. Research conducted by through vegetation analysis activity by used squared strip method. The results show that form of horizontal stand structure of Natural Forest stand tend to come near form of J-inversed (negative eksponensial) letter spread and form of horizontal stand structure graph of Mixed Rasamala Forest, Mixed Puspa Forest, Damar Forest, and Pine Forest stand be under horizontal stand structure graph of Natural Forest stand. Natural Forest has species number and species diversity index of higher level type at all levels growth of vegetation if compared to others forest vegetation types. Natural Forest has species evenness index of higher level type only at tree growth level, but rather lower at seedling growth level, sapling growth level, and pole growth level if compared to others forest vegetation types. There were 15 vegetation species found at all of forest vegetation types which have potency as pioneer vegetation in restoration activity of GGPNP forest area

Structural and Mechanistic Analysis of Sialic Acid Synthase NeuB from Neisseria meningitidis in Complex with Mn2+, Phosphoenolpyruvate, and N-Acetylmannosaminitol *

In Neisseria meningitidis and related bacterial pathogens, sialic acids play critical roles in mammalian cell immunity evasion and are synthesized by a conserved enzymatic pathway that includes sialic acid synthase (NeuB, SiaC, or SynC). NeuB catalyzes the condensation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and N-acetylmannosamine, directly forming N-acetylneuraminic acid (or sialic acid). In this paper we report the development of a coupled assay to monitor NeuB reaction kinetics and an 18O-labeling study that demonstrates the synthase operates via a C-O bond cleavage mechanism. We also report the first structure of a sialic acid synthase, that of NeuB, revealing a unique domain-swapped homodimer architecture consisting of a (beta/alpha)8 barrel (TIM barrel)-type fold at the N-terminal end and a domain with high sequence identity and structural similarity to the ice binding type III antifreeze proteins at the C-terminal end of the enzyme. We have determined the structures of NeuB in the malate-bound form and with bound PEP and the substrate analog N-acetylmannosaminitol to 1.9 and 2.2 A resolution, respectively. Typical of other TIM barrel proteins, the active site of NeuB is located in a cavity at the C-terminal end of the barrel; however, the positioning of the swapped antifreeze-like domain from the adjacent monomer provides key residues for hydrogen bonding with substrates in the active site of NeuB, a structural feature that leads to distinct modes of substrate binding from other PEP-utilizing enzymes that lack an analogous antifreeze-like domain. Our observation of a direct interaction between a highly ordered manganese and the N-acetylmannosaminitol in the NeuB active site also suggests an essential role for the ion as an electrophilic catalyst that activates the N-acetylmannosamine carbonyl to the addition of PEP