Influence of Pressure on the Temperature Dependence of Quantum Oscillation Phenomena in Semiconductors

The influence of pressure on the oscillations of Shubnikov-de Haas (ShdH) and de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) in semiconductors is studied. Working formula for the calculation of the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the Landau levels of electrons is obtained. The temperature dependence of quantum oscillations for different pressures is determined. The calculation results are compared with experimental data. It is shown that the effect of pressure on the band gap is manifested to oscillations and ShdH and dHvA effects in semiconductors

Inter-Orthodox Conflicts in Ukraine and the Movement to Unite Ukrainian Orthodox Churches in the 20th and 21st Century

he article analyzes the historical conditions in which the movement towards independence of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church took place. It is shown that the stages of formation of the independent Orthodox Church of Ukraine coincided with the stages of the Ukrainian people\u27s struggle for state independence. The role of P. Skoropadskyi\u27s government in establishing Orthodox statehood and the idea of building a canonical Ukrainian church independent of the Russian Orthodox Church is revealed. It is shown that in the 40s of the last century two Ukrainian Orthodox churches were formed on the territory of Ukraine - the Autonomous Orthodox Church, whose leaders advocated the necessity of subordination to the Moscow Patriarchate, and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, which aimed to establish an independent Ukrainian Church. An attempt to overcome the inter-church confrontation by signing the Act of the Union of the Autocephalous and Autonomous Churches, due to the intervention of the German occupation authorities, was not carried out. The formation of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Patriarchate in 1992 was the first attempt to unite the Ukrainian Orthodox Churches into one Local Church during the independence of Ukraine. The reasons for the failure of this attempt are analyzed and it is shown that the last attempt to unify Ukrainian churches into one local church was the creation of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU). It is shown that the movement towards obtaining autocephaly by the Ukrainian Orthodox Church is an important element of both the will of the Ukrainian people towards independence and an important component of Ukrainian state formation

Intelligent control technology, the reliability of the measuring information.

The use of excessive measuring information and the organization on this basis of metrological self-verification, self-control and self-certification, giving the measuring tools the property of intelligence, provide a significant reduction in the risk of using in monitoring and control systems of inaccurate measurement information and reduce operating costs

Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of the Organization of Education Oriented on the Individuality of Children

The article is devoted to the research of the theoretical and methodological aspects of organizing the process of education for children in a way that is focused on their individuality. In addition, based on the results of the achievements of scientists of different countries in the field of pedagogy and psychology, as well as cognitive neurosciences, scientific-methodical recommendations on determining the mechanisms of children's perception and organizing the educational process taking into account these data are referred

Determination of the Density of Energy States in a Quantizing Magnetic Field for Model Kane

For nonparabolic dispersion law determined by the density of the energy states in a quantizing magnetic field, the dependence of the density of energy states on temperature in quantizing magnetic fields is studied with the nonquadratic dispersion law. Experimental results obtained for PbTe were analyzed using the suggested model. The continuous spectrum of the energy density of states at low temperature is transformed into discrete Landau levels

Influence of Pressure on the Temperature Dependence of Quantum Oscillation Phenomena in Semiconductors

The influence of pressure on the oscillations of Shubnikov-de Haas (ShdH) and de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) in semiconductors is studied. Working formula for the calculation of the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the Landau levels of electrons is obtained. The temperature dependence of quantum oscillations for different pressures is determined. The calculation results are compared with experimental data. It is shown that the effect of pressure on the band gap is manifested to oscillations and ShdH and dHvA effects in semiconductors

Expert assessment of brain impairment in postasphictic conditions

We analyzed signs of impaired brain activity in postasphictic states based on the materials of forensic medical examinations conducted in 2017-2020 in Andijan, Ferghana regions and the city of Tashkent. 93.0% of the victims sought medical help, 84.2% were treated in hospital. As a result of asphictic exposure, 75.7% of the victims lost consciousness, men and faces under 18 years old - for a longer period. In 55.7% of cases, amnesia was observed, in 58.1% - different seizures. There was a strong direct relationship between the duration of loss of consciousness and the development of amnesia, seizures. Impaired brain activity is a decisive factor in determining the severity of bodily harm in victims

INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A P-N JUNCTION DIODE

Diodes are widely used in engineering. Therefore, it is very important to study the sensitivity of the characteristics to external influences. In this work, the influence of a magnetic field on the current-voltage characteristics (CVC) of a diode with a p-n junction is studied. Under the action of a magnetic field, the CVC of the diode, obtained in the experiments, shifted to the right. Under the action of a magnetic field, a decrease in current was observed even at high voltages. The theoretical foundations of this physical process have not been described in previous works. We explained these processes by the following reasons: the appearance of additional resistance at the p–n junction due to the magnetoresistance effect. As a result, the resistance of the diode increases, and the current also changes as a result of the Hall effect. The Lorentz force in a magnetic field affects the direction of movement of charge carriers in a space charge. This causes a change in the shape of the space charge and an increase in the potential barrier. These theoretical foundations were calculated from formulas and compared with experiments. In addition, changes in CVC in a magnetic field are also related to the coefficient of imperfection. The coefficient of imperfection depends on the diffusion length. The magnetic field affects the diffusion length. As a result, we explain the changes in CVC depending on the diffusion length by the nonideality coefficient. The change in the space charge of the diode under the action of a magnetic field can be explained by the Hall voltage, and the change in CVC can be explained by the magnetoresistance and the nonideality coefficient. Theoretical foundations are compared with experimental results and correspondences are determined. Conclusions are drawn from the compatibility of experience and our theoretical basis

INFLUENCE OF THE TEMPERATURE TO THE GROWTH OF THIN FILM SnO2

The SnO2 thin films on glass substrate grown by methods of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in conditions of quasiclosed volume by using a separate evaporator to obtain a saturated are investigated. It is suggested that under these conditions the germ growth occurs by diffusion coalescence. In the IR absorption spectra of SnO2 films, an absorption band in the range of 2500-3800 cm-1 is detected, the amplitude of which is correlated with the conductivity of the grown films

Recloser-based decentralized control of the grid with distributed generation in the Lahsh district of the Rasht grid in Tajikistan, central Asia

Small-scale power generation based on renewable energy sources is gaining popularity in distribution grids, creating new challenges for power system control. At the same time, remote consumers with their own small-scale generation still have low reliability of power supply and poor power quality, due to the lack of proper technology for grid control when the main power supply is lost. Today, there is a global trend in the transition from a power supply with centralized control to a decentralized one, which has led to the Microgrid concept. A microgrid is an intelligent automated system that can reconfigure by itself, maintain the power balance, and distribute power flows. The main purpose of this paper is to study the method of control using reclosers in the Lahsh district of the Rasht grid in Tajikistan with distributed small generation. Based on modified reclosers, a method of decentralized synchronization and restoration of the grid normal operation after the loss of the main power source was proposed. In order to assess the stable operation of small hydropower plants under disturbances, the transients caused by proactive automatic islanding (PAI) and restoration of the interconnection between the microgrid and the main grid are shown. Rustab software, as one of the multifunctional software applications in the field of power systems transients study, was used for simulation purposes. Based on the simulation results, it can be concluded that under disturbances, the proposed method had a positive effect on the stability of small hydropower plants, which are owned and dispatched by the Rasht grid. Moreover, the proposed method sufficiently ensures the quality of the supplied power and improves the reliability of power supply in the Lahsh district of Tajikistan. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS: XDA20060303National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 41761144079Y848041Ministry of National Infrastructure, Energy and Water ResourcesFunding: This research was funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pan-Third Pole Environment Study for a Green Silk Road (Grant No. XDA20060303), the International Cooperation Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41761144079), the Xinjiang Tianchi Hundred Talents Program (Grant No. Y848041), and the project of the Research Center of Ecology and Environment in Central Asia (Grant No. Y934031).Acknowledgments: The authors are thankful to the Ministry of Energy and Water Resources of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Rasht electric networks OJSHC “Barqi Tojik” for providing the data for this research work