Frobenius-like groups as groups of automorphisms

A finite group FH is said to be Frobenius-like if it has a nontrivial nilpotent normal subgroup F with a nontrivial complement H such that FH/[F,F] is a Frobenius group with Frobenius kernel F/[F,F]. Such subgroups and sections are abundant in any nonnilpotent finite group. We discuss several recent results about the properties of a finite group G admitting a Frobenius-like group of automorphisms FH aiming at restrictions on G in terms of CG(H) and focusing mainly on bounds for the Fitting height and related parameters. Earlier such results were obtained for Frobenius groups of automorphisms; new theorems for Frobenius-like groups are based on new representation-theoretic results. Apart from a brief survey, the paper contains the new theorem on almost nilpotency of a finite group admitting a Frobenius-like group of automorphisms with fixed-point-free almost extraspecial kerne

Određivanje položaja plovila na moru

Navigacija je pomorska vještina određivanja pozicije broda, njegovog kursa i brzine. Razlikujemo tri načina navigacije: terestrička, astronomska i elektronska navigacija. U prvom poglavlju opisan je detaljni postupak određivanja pozicije plovila na moru te glavne karakteristike brodskog kompasa. Opisan je i način rada GPS prijamnika te njegova primjena u navigaciji

PREDICTORS OF VICARIOUS TRAUMATIZATION AMONG TRAUMA CLINICIANS AND GENERAL MENTAL HEALTH PROVIDERS: A COMPARISON

Vicarious traumatization (VT) describes the gradual, transformative shifts in internal experience that occur as a result of cumulative exposure to clients’ trauma material. VT is thought to develop in the therapist due to empathic engagement with clients, resulting in profound disruptions in frame of reference. Because VT is conceptualized as a condition that develops due to frequent exposure to clients’ traumatic material, a rapidly emerging body of theoretical literature suggests that clinicians can safeguard against VT by maintaining a more balanced workload (i.e., a caseload of clients with a variety of presenting problems) and limiting the number of trauma cases. However, the quantitative research base on VT is limited and has been plagued by several methodological shortcomings, most notably the lack of comparison groups of non-trauma clinicians. As such, a primary aim of the present study was to characterize the prevalence and severity of VT among one group of clinicians treating predominantly traumatized populations, and one group providing treatment for a wider variety of presenting issues. Further, a secondary aim of this project was to identify both therapist-level and occupational-level contributors to VT. In our cross-sectional, online survey study of 114 generalist mental health providers (Mage = 33.36, 75.4% female, 88.6% Caucasian) and 107 trauma clinicians (Mage = 42.66, 81.3% female, 86.9% Caucasian) recruited from various professional organizations, levels of VT were low and not significantly different between the two provider groups. Risk factors for VT included fewer years of experience, having a greater personal history of trauma, and a personal distress empathy style. Protective factors included a perspective-taking empathy style, problem-focused and emotion-focused coping styles, and high-quality supervision. When the VT construct was examined alongside similar (but conceptually different) occupational stress constructs of secondary traumatic stress and burnout, there was a high degree of overlap, indicating that VT may not be a distinct phenomenon or unique to working with trauma clients. Results suggest that claims about the deleterious effects of trauma therapy are likely overstated, thereby refuting the original conceptualization of VT. Future research directions and implications for prevention and intervention are discussed

Rechargeable Magnesium/Oxygen Batteries: Reaction Mechanisms and Their Dependence on Electrolyte Composition.

Electrochemical energy storage devices that are robust, energy-dense, and cheap will accelerate the commercialization of electric vehicles. Magnesium/Oxygen (Mg/O2) batteries are a promising system with the potential for very high energy densities. The goal of this dissertation is to explore candidate magnesium electrolytes for use in Mg/O2 batteries, and to assess the reaction mechanisms and performance of Mg/O2 cells that employ these electrolytes. We first consider electrolytes based on ionic liquids (ILs), which are attractive because they are nonflammable and nonvolatile. The absence of voltammetric signatures of Mg plating from ILs with Tf2N– and BF4– suggests that strong Mg/anion Coulombic attraction inhibits electrodeposition. Cosolvent additions to Mg(Tf2N)2/PP13-Tf2N were explored but did not result in enhanced plating/stripping activity. The results highlight the need for IL solvents or cosolvent systems that promote Mg2+ dissociation. We next describe a room-temperature, non-aqueous, reversible Mg/O2 cell using a modified Grignard electrolyte. Electrochemical, microscopic, and spectroscopic analyses reveal characteristics that distinguish Mg/O2 chemistry from its alkali-metal/O2 analogues. The open-circuit voltage is 2.0 V, lower than the ~2.9 V expected for direct electrochemical formation of MgOx. The low voltage and two-phase product are consistent with a multi-step discharge reaction in which a superoxide-ion (O2–) intermediate forms at ~2 V vs. Mg/Mg2+. Bypassing the multi-step mechanism in favor of direct electrochemical MgOx formation would raise the discharge potential and the energy density. The performance of the preceding modified-Grignard-based cell is then compared with one based on an all-inorganic magnesium aluminum chloride complex (MACC) electrolyte. Mg/O2 cells using the MACC electrolyte exhibit higher discharge capacities than those based on the modified Grignard electrolyte. However, rechargeability is limited. The discharge product is found to be an inhomogeneous mixture of MgCl2 and Mg(ClO4)2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements are used to identify that film formation on the Mg anode is main source of impedance in Mg/O2 cells. This research shows that the performance of Mg-based batteries is highly sensitive to the electrolyte. For future work, it would be useful to develop electrolytes that limit SEI film formation on the Mg anode and could result in a MgO2 discharge product to enhance rechargeability.PhDMaterials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/120792/1/gvardar_1.pd

Familjen i de stora årskullarnas liv - omsorg och hjälp i familjerna bland generationen födda 1945-1950

Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library.Vain tiivistelmä. Sidottujen gradujen saatavuuden voit tarkistaa Helka-tietokannasta (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Digitaaliset gradut voivat olla luettavissa avoimesti verkossa tai rajoitetusti kirjaston opinnäytekioskeilla.Endast sammandrag. Inbundna avhandlingar kan sökas i Helka-databasen (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Elektroniska kopior av avhandlingar finns antingen öppet på nätet eller endast tillgängliga i bibliotekets avhandlingsterminaler.Studien granskar familjens roll i de stora årskullarnas (födda 1945-1950) liv, hur värden omsätts till handlingar av omsorg och hjälp som ges åt utflyttade barn och deras familjer samt åt egna föräldrar. Syftet är också att granska huruvida de stora årskullarna på basen av gruppens inre koherens kan beskrivas som en generation. Det empiriska materialet består av en omfattande (N=2628) enkätundersökning som Statistikcentralen utförde 1998. Som metoder tillämpas variansanalys och multipla jämförelser med hjälp av vilka årskullarna jämförs med en äldre (födda 1935-1944) och en yngre åldersgrupp (födda 1951-1970). Förutom åldersgruppen beaktas könets, barnantalets, religiositetens och alkoholkonsumtionens inverkan på hjälpanet. Dessutom granskas inkomsternas inverkan på hjälpen som ges åt utflyttade barn medan relationen till föräldrarna antas inverka på hjälpen som åt dem. Utöver de statistiska metoderna stöder jag mig vid analysen på övrig forskning inom området. Resultaten visar att de stora årskullarna är en familjecentrerad grupp som hjälper och hyser omsorg för familjemedlemmar som inte bor i samma hushåll. Jämfört med den äldre gruppen är årskullarna inte lika familjeorienterade vilket i hög grad beror på att familjens roll förändrats med tiden. Könet har en avgörande inverkan på hjälpandet, oavsett egen ålder hjälper kvinnorna både utflyttade barn och föräldrar mera än männen. Även barnatalet och graden av närhet i relationen till föräldrarna är avgörande för hjälpandet. Beträffande generationsaspekten kan man konstatera att årskullarna är en synnerligen enhetlig grupp där ingen enstaka årskull avviker från signifikant från de övriga. Män och kvinnor skiljer sig i detta avseende inte från varandra liksom bland de två övriga åldersgrupperna. Åldersgruppen kan således sägas vara en homogen grupp och kan påstås utgöra en generation. De viktigaste källorna består av både inhemsk och utländsk forskning kring familjen, familjelivet och generationerna. Riitta Jallinoja har en central ställning som författare till många texter kring temat familj medan diskussionen kring generationerna centrerar kring Karl Mannheims essä The Problem of Generations

Quality of Reporting and Adherence to ARRIVE Guidelines in Animal Studies for Chagas Disease Preclinical Drug Research: A Systematic Review

Publication of accurate and detailed descriptions of methods in research articles involving animals is essential for health scientists to accurately interpret published data, evaluate results and replicate findings. Inadequate reporting of key aspects of experimental design may reduce the impact of studies and could act as a barrier to translation of research findings. Reporting of animal use must be as comprehensive as possible in order to take advantage of every study and every animal used. Animal models are essential to understanding and assessing new chemotherapy candidates for Chagas disease pathology, a widespread parasitic disease with few treatment options currently available. A systematic review was carried out to compare ARRIVE guidelines recommendations with information provided in publications of preclinical studies for new anti-Trypanosoma cruzi compounds. A total of 83 publications were reviewed. Before ARRIVE guidelines, 69% of publications failed to report any macroenvironment information, compared to 57% after ARRIVE publication. Similar proportions were observed when evaluating reporting of microenvironmental information (56% vs. 61%). Also, before ARRIVE guidelines publication, only 13% of papers described animal gender, only 18% specified microbiological status and 13% reported randomized treatment assignment, among other essential information missing or incomplete. Unfortunately, publication of ARRIVE guidelines did not seem to enhance reporting quality, compared to papers appeared before ARRIVE publication. Our results suggest that there is a strong need for the scientific community to improve animal use description, animal models employed, transparent reporting and experiment design to facilitate its transfer and application to the affected human population. Full compliance with ARRIVE guidelines, or similar animal research reporting guidelines, would be an excellent start in this direction.Fil: Gulin, Julián Ernesto Nicolás. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rocco, Daniela Marisa. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños ; Argentina. Ministerio de Ciencia. Tecnología e Innovación Productiva. Agencia Nacional de Promoción Cientifíca y Tecnológica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: García Bournissen, Facundo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

DOMAĆE, VLASTITO I OSOBNO: AUTOKULTURNA DEFAMILIJARIZACIJA

In this reflexive methodological and epistemological review, the author discusses the research in which the researcher almost entirely practically, contextually and cognitively participates in the field. It is a situation that mobilises the circumstances of the researcher\u27s life into a scholarly-research enquiry. The author\u27s field experience in studying an urban community is reconsidered within the concept of auto-anthropology. The concept is expounded through three key research auto-references: in relation to the discipline (the subject of research and the methodology); in relation to one\u27s own (culture and society); and, in relation to the personal (autobiographical).U ovome refleksivnom metodološko-epistemološkom tekstu autorica raspravlja o istraživanju u kojemu je istraživač gotovo potpuni sudionik terena, praktično, kontekstualno i kognitivno, odnosno, o situaciji kada se okolnosti istraživačeva života mobiliziraju u znanstvenoistraživački pothvat. Vlastito terensko iskustvo u istraživanju suvremene urbane zajednice autorica promišlja unutar postmodernog koncepta autoantropologije. Prefiks \u27auto\u27 odnosi se na tri ključna raspravljana aspekta. Prvo, na autorefleksivnost unutar same znanosti kao otvorenog polja koje podliježe redefiniciji predmeta istraživanja, metodologije i epistemologije. Drugo, autoantropologija referira na vlastito – istraživanje vlastite kulture unutar "kulturnog kontinuiteta", u kojemu istraživač i sudionici istraživanja dijele kontekst istraživanja. Treće, referenca se odnosi na osobno u istraživanju, koje je dinamičan koncept propitivanja i reevaluiranja osobnih iskustava tijekom istraživanja, i kazivačevih i istraživačevih. Osobno i vlastito podrazumijevaju relacije iz perspektive istraživača, preklapajući se i čineći kontinuirano fluidan istraživački kontekst. I u odnosu na osobno (iskustvo) i na vlastito (društvo i kulturu), u raspravljanom konceptu autoantropologije istraživač je toliko opleten terenom da kontinuirano ne mora propitivati ulazak u teren, što je često raspravljana terenska tema, nego upravo iskoračivanje iz terena. Kad je istraživač ontološki i epistemološki suživljen s terenom, nužna je autokulturna defamilijarizacija, o kojoj se raspravlja u tekstu kao o udaljavanju od istraživane zajednice, izlaženju iz zajednice, racionalizaciji interioriziranog (znanja, povijesti, iskustva). Potrebna je i izrazita istraživačka senzibilizacija i etnografska imaginacija kako bi se defamilijariziralo od vlastitoga, od bliskosti koja čini nevidljivim mnogošto u svakodnevnom životu. No upravo nas ova istraživačka situacija kulturne bliskosti čini i kazivačima. U tekstu se problematizira vrednovanje osobne istraživačeve životne priče u odnosu na korpus narativne građe koji stvara tijekom istraživanja i oblikovanje intervjua kao trajno otvorenog procesa kreiranja istraživačkog pothvata. Ono ključno u čemu autorica propituje koncept autoantropologije, nastojeći u njemu konstruirati okvir za vlastito istraživanje i terensko iskustvo, jest ukidanje Drugosti (prostorne, kontekstualne), izokretanje specifične metodološke paradigme i inkorporiranje autobiografskoga. S tim elementima, ovaj u hrvatskoj etnologiji još uvijek nedovoljno problematiziran pojam, nudi kao odrednicu istraživanja unutar antropologije suvremenosti ili bliskoga. Tradicionalni kanon antropologije – drugi - drugdje - drukčiji – u autoantropologiji zamjenjuje sva tri elementa, predmetni, prostorni i karakterni. Uz specifičan antropološki metodološki i konceptualni temelj autoantropologija stvara znanje u novoj trodimenzionalnosti mi - ovdje - slični

MEDITERAN IZ MEDITERANSKOGA KUTA: RENESANSNI DUBROVNIK

The article focuses on two issues relevant for the Mediterranean anthropology. The first issue is unity and diversity, and the second issue concerns rural/urban, coast/hinterland relationship. Both issues are discussed on the example of the Dubrovnik Republic in the 15th and 16th century and on the basis of literary material from that period. The aim is to illuminate relevant complexity, ambiguity, contradictions and the dialectic of the community and time under research.U okviru teorijskih i metodoloških zasada književne antropologije, historijske antropologije i mikrohistorije u radu su naglašena dva problema relevantna za mediteransku antropologiju. Prvi je problem onaj jedinstva/različitosti, a drugi odnosa urbano/ruralno, obala/zaleđe. Osnovna je građa, na kojoj se temelji interpretacija, književnoga karaktera, nastala tijekom 15. i 16. stoljeća u Dubrovačkoj Republici. Prvi dio studije obrađuje probleme jedinstva i različitosti unutar dubrovačke zajednice te u odnosu na poimanje cjelovitosti mediteranskoga kulturnog prostora. Književni materijal nudi uvide u organiziranost i kompleksnost dubrovačke zajednice, u postojanje mikrokultura i mikroidentiteta. Unutarnja je raslojenost Republike (politička i društvena stratifikacija, lokalni identiteti i antagonizmi, različiti kulturni kodovi) bila nadslojena poimanjem i političkim diskurzom identiteta, jedinstva i koherentnosti zajednice. Osim toga, mnoštvo književnih referenci omogućava da se koncepti mediteranskoga društvenoga i kulturnoga života definirani u mediteranskim antropološkim studijama propitaju u specifično dubrovačkoj renesansnoj situaciji. U drugome dijelu teksta obrađene su dihotomije urbano/ruralno i obala/zaleđe. Književni izvori omogućavaju lomljenje tog analitičkog konstrukta na različitim razinama: fizičke i mentalne razlike između gradske i seoske populacije, seosko viđenje gradskoga života, renesansna viđenja seoske gradske okolice i prirode, specifičan dubrovački odnos prema seoskom zaleđu. Još je jedan važan aspekt navedene dihotomije i onaj odnosa dubrovačke zajednice i širokoga slavenskoga zaleđa. Predloženi su i neki antropološki teorijski koncepti (akulturacija, kreolizacija) kao okvir za interpretaciju međukulturnih odnosa. Antropološki teorijski koncepti, povijesna arhivska građa i književni izvori međusobno se dopunjuju u istraživačkom nastojanju stvaranja cjelovitije slike o istraživanoj zajednici. Na taj način moguće je propitati i kontekstualizirati postojeće teorije i analitičke koncepte na raznim razinama, ideološkim, predodžbenim ili na razini svakidašnjega života, uključujući razotkrivanje kompleksnosti, mnogoslojevitosti, kontradikcija i ambigviteta koji postoje u samoj zajednici