Una experiencia piloto en teleeducación

La Fundación Formación y Empleo (FOREM), promovida por Comisiones Obreras CC.OO., trabaja activamente para promover acciones de formación continua y formación ocupacional destinadas a los trabajadores. En esta línea y desde 1.997 hasta el momento, esta desarrollando el proyecto TED (TeleEducación para la Discapacidad) mediante el cual se ha realizado una experiencia real de formación semipresencial apoyada sobre los nuevos soportes informáticos y de comunicaciones. Desde FOREM se ha pretendido evaluar las tecnologías de telecomunicación, y extraer unas recomendaciones de buenas prácticas para que sirvan para futuras experiencias tanto para la tarea de formación de FOREM, como de otras organizaciones interesadas

Cyber-radicalization: a new form of victimization

Los atentados del 11-S significaron un antes y un después a la hora de entender el terrorismo. Por primera vez, una organización terrorista de base religiosa no solo atentaba contra un país occidental, sino que también utilizaba en beneficio propio las ventajas que proporcionaban las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) para cometerlo. Desde entonces, el jihad pasó de ser un fenómeno local a adquirir una identidad global. Las organizaciones de este nuevo tipo de terrorismo (Al-Qaeda o Dâesh) nutren sus filas con individuos que han sido objeto de un proceso de adoctrinamiento y radicalización. Si bien al inicio este se realizaba exclusivamente en un entorno físico (offline), actualmente se observa como el ciberespacio (online) se ha convertido en el medio idóneo. En el caso de España, hace unos años el 80% de este proceso se producía en modalidad offline (mezquitas o centros universitarios), y siempre con la presencia de un agente radicalizador, pero tras la consolidación de las TIC, este porcentaje ha sido reemplazado por el entorno online. El presente artículo persigue un doble objetivo. El primero es ofrecer una explicación criminológica y victimológica al papel que tienen las TIC en el proceso de captación y radicalización jihadista. El segundo es realizar una comparación entre el proceso de adoctrinamiento offline y online.The September 11th attacks marked a turning point in terms of our understanding of terrorism. For the first time, a religion-based terrorist organization not only attacked a Western country but also used the advantages of information and communication technologies (ICT) for its own benefit to carry out these attacks. From that point onwards, the jihad went from being a local phenomenon to acquire a global identity. The organizations operating within this new type of terrorism (Al-Qaeda or Dâesh) fill their ranks with individuals who have undergone a process of indoctrination and radicalization. While this initially took place in a physical setting (offline), nowadays, it is clear that cyberspace (online) has become the ideal medium. In the case of Spain, a few years ago, 80% of this process was conducted offline (in mosques or university centres) and always in the presence of a radicalizing agent. However, with the consolidation of ICTs, this percentage has been replaced by the online environment. This article has a dual objective. Firstly, it aims to provide a criminological and victimological explanation of the role of ICTs in the jihadist recruitment and radicalization. Secondly, it makes a comparison between the offline and online indoctrination processes

Infant gut microbiota colonization: influence of prenatal and postnatal factors, focusing on diet

Maternal microbiota forms the first infant gut microbial inoculum, and perinatal factors (diet and use of antibiotics during pregnancy) and/or neonatal factors, like intra partum antibiotics, gestational age and mode of delivery, may influence microbial colonization. After birth, when the principal colonization occurs, the microbial diversity increases and converges toward a stable adult-like microbiota by the end of the first 3–5 years of life. However, during the early life, gut microbiota can be disrupted by other postnatal factors like mode of infant feeding, antibiotic usage, and various environmental factors generating a state of dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis have been reported to increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and some chronic diseases later in life, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, allergies, and asthma. Therefore, understanding the impact of a correct maternal-to-infant microbial transfer and a good infant early colonization and maturation throughout life would reduce the risk of disease in early and late life. This paper reviews the published evidence on early-life gut microbiota development, as well as the different factors influencing its evolution before, at, and after birth, focusing on diet and nutrition during pregnancy and in the first months of life

Miositis orbitaria e hipofisitis como manifestaciones de la enfermedad relacionada con IgG4

IgG4 hypophysitis is a pathology found in non-functioning pituitary masses. We present the case of a 52-year-old woman with a history of orbital myositis of unclear etiology who came to our center for headache with alarm criteria and clinical signs of diabetes insipidus. The imaging study showed a pituitary mass causing panhypopituitarism. Analytically it highlights elevated serum levels of IgG4, so with the suspicion of the disease treatment is initiated with corticosteroids, with a great clinical improvement.La hipofisitis por IgG4 es una patología que se encuentra dentro de las masas hipofisaria no funcionantes. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 52 años con antecedente de miositis orbitaria de etiología no aclarada que acude a nuestro centro por cefalea con criterios de alarma y clínica de diabetes insípida. En el estudio de imagen destaca una masa hipofisaria que provoca un panhipopituitarismo. Analíticamente destaca niveles séricos elevados de IgG4, por lo que ante la sospecha de la enfermedad se inicia tratamiento con corticoesteroides, con una gran mejoría clínica

Surgical Infection Reduction Program of the Observatory of Surgical Infection (PRIQ-O): Delphi prioritization and consensus document on recommendations for the prevention of surgical site infection

La infección de localización quirúrgica es la complicación más frecuente y más evitable de la cirugía, pero las guías clínicas para su prevención tienen un seguimiento insuficiente. Presentamos los resultados de un consenso Delphi realizado por un panel de expertos de 17 sociedades científicas con revisión crítica de la evidencia científica y guías internacionales, para seleccionar las medidas con mayor grado de evidencia y facilitar su implementación. Se revisaron 40 medidas y se emitieron 53 recomendaciones. Se priorizan 10 medidas principales para su inclusión en bundles de prevención: ducha preoperatoria; correcta higiene quirúrgica de manos; no eliminación del vello del campo quirúrgico o eliminación con maquinilla eléctrica; profilaxis antibiótica sistémica adecuada; uso de abordajes mínimamente invasivos; descontaminación de la piel con soluciones alcohólicas; mantenimiento de la normotermia; protectores-retractores plásticos de herida; cambio de guantes intraoperatorio, y cambio de material quirúrgico y auxiliar antes del cierre de las heridasSurgical site infection is the most frequent and avoidable complication of surgery, but clinical guidelines for its prevention are insufficiently followed. We present the results of a Delphi consensus carried out by a panel of experts from 17 Scientific Societies with a critical review of the scientific evidence and international guidelines, to select the measures with the highest degree of evidence and facilitate their implementation. Forty measures were reviewed and 53 recommendations were issued. Ten main measures were prioritized for inclusion in prevention bundles: preoperative shower; correct surgical hand hygiene; no hair removal from the surgical field or removal with electric razors; adequate systemic antibiotic prophylaxis; use of minimally invasive approaches; skin decontamination with alcoholic solutions; maintenance of normothermia; plastic wound protectors-retractors; intraoperative glove change; and change of surgical and auxiliary material before wound closur

HTLV infection in persons with sexually transmitted diseases in Spain

Background: HTLV-1 infection is a neglected disease, despite estimates of 10 million people infected worldwide and producing life-threatening illnesses in 10% of carriers. Sexual transmission is the main route of contagion. However, HTLV-1 is not listed among sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Methods: Serum from all consecutive individuals who had attended six STI clinics across Spain during the last 12 months were tested for HTLV antibodies using a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Reactive samples were confirmed by immunoblot. Results: A total of 2,524 samples were examined. The majority (1,936; 76.7%) belonged to men, of whom 676 (34.9%) were men who have sex with men (MSM) receiving HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. Although native Spaniards predominated (1,470; 58.2%), up to 593 (23.5%) came from Latin America and 139 (5.5%) were African. A total of 26 individuals were initially EIA reactive and immunoblot confirmed 5 as HTLV-1 and 7 as HTLV-2. All but one HTLV-1+ case came from Latin America. Three were men and two were women. Among Latin Americans, the HTLV-1 seroprevalence was 0.67%. In contrast, all seven HTLV-2+ were native Spaniards and former injection drug users, and all but one were HIV+. Conclusion: The rate of HTLV infection among individuals with STIs in Spain is 0.5%, which is greater than in the general population. These results support the introduction of universal HTLV screening in persons who attend clinics for STIs

Enfoques metodológicos en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la revisión de traducciones

Se presenta la memoria del Proyecto de Innovación docente sobre actividades y métodos para enseñar a los estudiantes de Traducción e Interpretación a auto revisar y corregir sus traducciones

Diseño de prácticas externas curriculares del Centro Universitario de la Defensa de San Javier en el marco del EEES. Una metodología innovadora

[SPA] Este trabajo presenta el proceso seguido por el Equipo de Innovación Docente de Prácticas Externas del Centro Universitario de la Defensa de San Javier para el desarrollo de las prácticas curriculares de los alumnos del Grado de Ingeniería y futuros oficiales del Ejército del Aire, que se impartirán dentro del nuevo modelo de enseñanza militar. La metodología propuesta se presenta como un ejemplo de adaptación a un nuevo modelo de enseñanza dentro del EEES que busca solventar deficiencias de modelos universitarios previos como eran la falta de especificación de las tareas en las prácticas o la realización de otras no vinculadas a la titulación (Ballesteros-Velázquez et al. 2001). Se propone una adaptación de los contenidos de las prácticas a partir de un análisis in situ, de los centros donde se realizarán y utilizando como criterio para la selección de puestos y tareas su vinculación con asignaturas del grado y a profesionales con distinto rango de responsabilidad y cualificación. Así, el alumno puede aprender a utilizar las competencias concretas y necesarias para ejercer su profesión, porque las recibe de profesionales que están aplicando capacidades distintas en función de la etapa de la vida laboral en la que se encuentran. [ENG] This paper presents the process followed by the teaching innovation team at the Defence University Centre in San Javier for the design of a traineeship for Industrial Organization Engineering students, future officers of the Air Force, according to the new military education programme. The traineeship design steps are described as a specific example of a methodology adapted to a new specialized education programme within the European Space for Higher Education (EEES) in order to solve the limitations of educational models previous to EEES (Ballesteros-Velázquez et al. 2001). The authors propose in situ monitoring on the part of lecturers in each of the centres where students will carry out their traineeship to properly identify tasks and adapt the traineeship contents linking them to the degree courses and to reference professionals at different stages of their career. In this way, the student can fully apply concrete and necessary competences in the particular area where he/she Will practise his/her profession

Effectiveness of Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infections

IMPORTANCE The consumption of broad-spectrum drugs has increased as a consequence of the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli. Finding alternatives for these infections is critical, for which some neglected drugs may be an option. OBJECTIVE To determine whether fosfomycin is noninferior to ceftriaxone or meropenem in the targeted treatment of bacteremic urinary tract infections (bUTIs) due to MDR E coli. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter, randomized, pragmatic, open clinical trial was conducted at 22 Spanish hospitals from June 2014 to December 2018. Eligible participants were adult patients with bacteremic urinary tract infections due to MDR E coli; 161 of 1578 screened patients were randomized and followed up for 60 days. Data were analyzed in May 2021. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized 1 to 1 to receive intravenous fosfomycin disodium at 4 g every 6 hours (70 participants) or a comparator (ceftriaxone or meropenem if resistant; 73 participants) with the option to switch to oral fosfomycin trometamol for the fosfomycin group or an active oral drug or pa renteral ertapenem for the comparator group after 4 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was clinical and microbiological cure (CMC) 5 to 7 days after finalization of treatment; a noninferiority margin of 7% was considered. RESULTS Among 143 patients in the modified intention-to-treat population (median [IQR] age, 72 [62-81] years; 73 [51.0%] women), 48 of 70 patients (68.6%) treated with fosfomycin and 57 of 73 patients (78.1%) treated with comparators reached CMC (risk difference, -9.4 percentage points; 1-sided 95% CI, -21.5 to infinity percentage points; P = .10). While clinical or microbiological failure occurred among 10 patients (14.3%) treated with fosfomycin and 14 patients (19.7%) treated with comparators (risk difference, -5.4 percentage points; 1-sided 95% CI. -infinity to 4.9; percentage points; P = .19), an increased rate of adverse event-related discontinuations occurred with fosfomycin vs comparators (6 discontinuations [8.5%] vs 0 discontinuations; P = .006). In an exploratory analysis among a subset of 38 patients who underwent rectal colonization studies, patients treated with fosfomycin acquired a new ceftriaxone-resistant or meropenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria at a decreased rate compared with patients treated with comparators (0 of 21 patients vs 4 of 17 patients [23.5%]; 1-sided P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that fosfomycin did not demonstrate noninferiority to comparators as targeted treatment of bUTI from MDR E coli; this was due to an increased rate of adverse event-related discontinuations. This finding suggests that fosfomycin may be considered for selected patients with these infections