2,059 research outputs found

    STATE CAPACITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT - THE ADVANCES AND LIMITS OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION INDUSTRIALISATION IN BRAZIL

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    The paper is a study about the process of import substitution industrialisation in Brazil (1930-1980). Given the central role played by the state, the concepts of state capacity and developmental state are employed to understand why the process was not able to produce more consistent results. The paper shows how the state increased its involvement in the economy after 1930, improving its capacity to promote economic development. It also emphasises the obstacles that constrained the action of the state and impeded that its intervention produced a more balanced and self-sustained process of development. In this sense, the paper is also a study about the difficulties to replicate the positive results obtained by the developmental states in Japan and Korea. The paper concentrates special attention in the period 1974-1978, in which the military government implemented an ambitious program of industrial restructuring.

    A comment on "The effect of a common currency on the volatility of the extensive margin of trade"

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    In this paper I comment on Auray, Eyquem, and Pontineau (2012). I show that their introduction of sticky-prices into Ghironi \& Melitz (2005) framework is incorrect and generates a bias in simulation results. Additionally, I find that, by introducing sticky-prices into Ghironi \& Melitz (2005) framework in a correct way, the model is able to account for the empirical findings of Auray, Eyquem, and Pontineau (2012). Finally, I also find that if central banks target a data-consistent CPI inflation, results improve quantitatively.Pricing-to-market; Local currency pricing; Extensive Margin; Monetary Union; Monetary Policy

    LAMELAR CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION IN A DOG FOR SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CORNEA DEEP ULCER WITH DESCEMETOCELE.

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    Corneal transplantation is a procedure indicated for surgical treatment of several corneal diseases, requiring replacement of the affected tissues1,2,3,4. A dog of undefined breed, 5 years old, revealed on ocular examination, a deep corneal ulcer and a Descemet\'s membrane (DM) exposure. Aiming at corneal repair, the surgical technique of lamellar corneal transplantation was used. The perimeter of the transplant was defined with the help of a biopsy punch. With a 1 ml syringe and a 26 G” needle, air was injected into the deep corneal stroma in order to separate DM from stroma1,2. Subsequently paracentesis was performed to reduce ocular pressure and a small air bubble was added in order to help the corneal depthness perspective. With a crescent knife, excision of the compromised tissue was performed1,3. The DM was covered using cryopreserved canine cornea4 at -20°C in 3mg/ml tobramycin solution and thawed at room temperature it was also molded obtaining the appropriate sized tissue for the recoil1. The corneal suture was made using simple isolated points with 8-0 polyglactin and for corneal protection a third eyelid flap was performed1,3. Topical moxifloxacin, tropicamide, EDTA and autologous serum were used in post-surgical treatment3. The third eyelid flap was removed at 15 days post-surgery and a complete corneal repair was observed with total incorporation in the recipient cornea. Lamellar corneal transplantation employing cryopreserved cornea in tobramycin solution has been shown to be effective in the surgical treatment of descemetocele when related to other techniques1,3,4

    Orientation in the diagnosis of intraocular neoplasia, through intraocular fine needle aspiration (IFNA)

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    IFNA is a safe diagnostic technique that allows diagnostic of neoplastic and inflammatory processes of the eye1. In cats melanoma is common in the eye, skin and oral cavity2. In the eyep, local infiltration to systemic metastases may occur2. Being, the IFNA a method that assists in the diagnosis and therapeutics1,3,4,5. An european female cat, seven years old, was presented to consultation with brown patches of progressive growth in the right iris for four months. The pupillary light reflex, dazzle and menace response were present, and the ocular echography showed an area with iris thickening and with hyperechogenicity1. Due to clinical suspicion of iris melanoma, it was requested radiographic examination of the thorax, abdominal ultrasonography, hematological and biochemical blood analysis1,2, revealing no alterations. The IFNA was performed under general anesthesia introducing the a 26 gauge needle near the limbus and directed to the iris lesion with the bevel facing the surface of the mass3,4. The technique was performed without complications. The cytology using hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed moderate cellularity composed of rounded cells with moderate nuclear pleomorphism, bulky, pale cytoplasm1. The atypical round cells were suggestive of round cell amelanotic melanoma. Due to the cytological orientation, the enucleation of right eye was advised to the owner, which was declined.The diagnosis of ocular melanoma can be directed on clinical grounds and confirmed by anatomopathological exams2. IFNA is a practical, method in aiding the differentiation of neoplastic from non-neoplastic processes. It also helps guiding the surgical procedure and establishing prognosis1,3,4,5

    Estado, instituições e desenvolvimento: o modelo coreano e a interpretação da crise asiática

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    O presente artigo insere-se em uma linha voltada a investigar as relações entre as instituições, o Estado e o desempenho econômico. Tem como objeto central o estudo dos Estados Desenvolvimentistas (Developmental States), isto é, estados intervencionistas que desempenharam papel central nas estratégias de desenvolvimento de alguns países. A despeito de inúmeras análises históricas sobre essas experiências, o tema é considerado controverso e muitos economistas relutam em aceitar que tais estados tiveram uma contribuição positiva. O artigo lida, portanto, com um tema muito caro à ciência econômica desde os seus primórdios, a relação entre o Estado e o mercado e seus impactos sobre a "riqueza das nações". O presente artigo pretende contribuir para essa temática por meio de uma crítica às análises mais abstratas voltadas a interpretar o modelo asiático e a crise de 1997. Identificando uma falha metodológica nessas análises, argumenta-se que a crise não pode ser deduzida de eventuais fraquezas institucionais do modelo sul coreano. As características institucionais, incluindo o Estado desenvolvimentista e os grandes grupos empresariais, foram variáveis centrais para explicar o grande êxito alcançado pela Coréia do Sul nas décadas que se seguiram a 1960. Nesse sentido, as dificuldades dos anos 1990 devem ser interpretadas como resultado de um processo apressado de liberalização e desregulamentação econômica, implementado antes que uma nova estrutura de regulação estivesse pronta para substituir as formas de coordenação vigentes no período anterior. Ao recusar certas interpretações da crise, o artigo enfatiza a importância de reconhecer as especificidades institucionais dos países e a existência de diferentes tipos de capitalismo. O caso sul coreano, assim como o japonês, ilustra um modelo de capitalismo em que o Developmental State desempenhou um papel muito ativo, constituindo-se em uma variável fundamental para explicar o grande sucesso obtido pela estratégia de desenvolvimento nesses países

    Load forecast on a Micro Grid level through Machine Learning algorithms

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    As Micro Redes constituem um sector em crescimento da indústria energética, representando uma mudança de paradigma, desde as remotas centrais de geração até à produção mais localizada e distribuída. A capacidade de isolamento das principais redes elétricas e atuar de forma independente tornam as Micro Redes em sistemas resilientes, capazes de conduzir operações flexíveis em paralelo com a prestação de serviços que tornam a rede mais competitiva. Como tal, as Micro Redes fornecem energia limpa eficiente de baixo custo, aprimoram a coordenação dos ativos e melhoram a operação e estabilidade da rede regional de eletricidade, através da capacidade de resposta dinâmica aos recursos energéticos. Para isso, necessitam de uma coordenação de gestão inteligente que equilibre todas as tecnologias ao seu dispor. Daqui surge a necessidade de recorrer a modelos de previsão de carga e de produção robustos e de confiança, que interligam a alocação dos recursos da rede perante as necessidades emergentes. Sendo assim, foi desenvolvida a metodologia HALOFMI, que tem como principal objetivo a criação de um modelo de previsão de carga para 24 horas. A metodologia desenvolvida é constituída, numa primeira fase, por uma abordagem híbrida de multinível para a criação e escolha de atributos, que alimenta uma rede neuronal (Multi-Layer Perceptron) sujeita a um ajuste de híper-parâmetros. Posto isto, numa segunda fase são testados dois modos de aplicação e gestão de dados para a Micro Rede. A metodologia desenvolvida é aplicada em dois casos de estudo: o primeiro é composto por perfis de carga agregados correspondentes a dados de clientes em Baixa Tensão Normal e de Unidades de Produção e Autoconsumo (UPAC). Este caso de estudo apresenta-se como um perfil de carga elétrica regular e com contornos muito suaves. O segundo caso de estudo diz respeito a uma ilha turística e representa um perfil irregular de carga, com variações bruscas e difíceis de prever e apresenta um desafio maior em termos de previsão a 24-horas A partir dos resultados obtidos, é avaliado o impacto da integração de uma seleção recursiva inteligente de atributos, seguido por uma viabilização do processo de redução da dimensão de dados para o operador da Micro Rede, e por fim uma comparação de estimadores usados no modelo de previsão, através de medidores de erros na performance do algoritmo.Micro Grids constitute a growing sector of the energetic industry, representing a paradigm shift from the central power generation plans to a more distributed generation. The capacity to work isolated from the main electric grid make the MG resilient system, capable of conducting flexible operations while providing services that make the network more competitive. Additionally, Micro Grids supply clean and efficient low-cost energy, enhance the flexible assets coordination and improve the operation and stability of the of the local electric grid, through the capability of providing a dynamic response to the energetic resources. For that, it is required an intelligent coordination which balances all the available technologies. With this, rises the need to integrate accurate and robust load and production forecasting models into the MG management platform, thus allowing a more precise coordination of the flexible resource according to the emerging demand needs. For these reasons, the HALOFMI methodology was developed, which focus on the creation of a precise 24-hour load forecast model. This methodology includes firstly, a hybrid multi-level approach for the creation and selection of features. Then, these inputs are fed to a Neural Network (Multi-Layer Perceptron) with hyper-parameters tuning. In a second phase, two ways of data operation are compared and assessed, which results in the viability of the network operating with a reduced number of training days without compromising the model's performance. Such process is attained through a sliding window application. Furthermore, the developed methodology is applied in two case studies, both with 15-minute timesteps: the first one is composed by aggregated load profiles of Standard Low Voltage clients, including production and self-consumption units. This case study presents regular and very smooth load profile curves. The second case study concerns a touristic island and represents an irregular load curve with high granularity with abrupt variations. From the attained results, it is evaluated the impact of integrating a recursive intelligent feature selection routine, followed by an assessment on the sliding window application and at last, a comparison on the errors coming from different estimators for the model, through several well-defined performance metrics

    Evaluation of the relationship between tonsilar asymmetry and tonsilar lymphoma in children

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    Orientador: Reinaldo Jordão GusmãoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasResumo: O linfoma é a terceira neoplasia mais frequente da infância correspondendo a cerca de 12% de todas neoplasias em indivíduos com menos de 15 anos, e é a neoplasia maligna mais frequente em cabeça e pescoço. Aproximadamente 15% dos linfomas de cabeça e pescoço em crianças acometem o anel de Waldeyer. O diagnóstico e o tratamento precoce têm grande importância no prognóstico dos pacientes com linfoma de tonsilas palatinas. Os objetivos deste trabalho são avaliar a prevalência das manifestações clínicas de crianças com linfoma de tonsila palatina e identificar a associação entre a assimetria tonsilar e o linfoma de tonsila palatina em crianças. Foram realizadas revisões sistemáticas da literatura com artigos que incluíam crianças até os 18 anos com linfoma de tonsila palatina ou assimetria tonsilar. Foram encontrados 66 casos de crianças com linfoma; a assimetria tonsilar foi a manifestação clinica mais frequente, presente em 72,7% dos casos, seguida pela alteração na aparência da tonsila palatina em 45,4% e linfonodomegalia cervical em 30,3% dos casos. O linfoma de Burkitt foi o tipo mais frequente. A principal causa de assimetria tonsilar foi a hiperplasia linfóide seguida pelo linfoma e por alterações benignas inespecíficas. Foi encontrada associação entre a assimetria tonsilar e o linfoma de tonsilas palatina, sendo a razão de verossimilhança de 43,5 para crianças com assimetria de tonsilas e de 8938,4 para crianças com assimetria de tonsilas e outros sinais de suspeição para malignidadeAbstract: Lymphoma is the third most common malignancy of childhood, accounting for approximately 12% of all cancers in individuals under 15 years of age and is the most common malignancy in the head and neck. About 15% of head and neck lymphomas in children affect the Waldeyer's ring. The early diagnosis and early treatment are very important in the prognosis of patients with palatine tonsils lymphoma. The objectives of this thesis are to evaluate the prevalence of the clinical manifestations of children with tonsillar lymphoma and identify the association between the tonsillar asymmetry and the tonsillar lymphoma in children. Systematic reviews of the literature were conducted with articles that included children up to 18 years with tonsillar lymphoma or tonsillar asymmetry. 66 cases of children with lymphoma were included; the tonsillar asymmetry was the most common clinical manifestation, present in 72.7% of cases, followed by the change in appearance of the palatine tonsil in 45.4% and cervical lymphadenopathy in 30.3% of cases. Burkitt's lymphoma was the most common type. The most frequent cause of tonsillar asymmetry was lymphoid hyperplasia followed by lymphoma and nonspecific benign changes. There was an association between the tonsillar asymmetry and tonsillar lymphoma with the likelihood ratio of 43.5 for children with tonsillar asymmetry and 8938.4 for children with asymmetry of tonsils and other signs of suspicion for malignancyDoutoradoOtorrinolaringologiaDoutor em Ciências Médica
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