A Simulated Data Analysis on the Interval Estimation for the Binomial Proportion P

This study constructed a quadratic-based interval estimator for binomial proportion p. The modified method imposed a continuity correction over the confidence interval. This modified quadratic-based interval was compared to the different existing alternative intervals through numerical analysis using the following criteria: coverage probability, and expected width for various values of n, p and ? = 0.05. Simulated data results generated the following observations: (1) the coverage probability of modified interval is larger compared to that of the standard and non-modified intervals, for any p and n; (2) the coverage probability of all the alternative methods approaches to the nominal 95% confidence level as n increases for any p;(3) the modified and non-modified intervals have indistinguishable width differences for any p as n gets larger; (4) the expected width of the modified and alternative intervals decreases as n increases for  and any p. Based on these observations one can say that the modified method is an improvement of the standard method. It is therefore recommended to modify other existing alternative methods in such a way that there’s an increase in performance in terms of coverage properties, expected width, and other measures.   Keywords: Confidence Interval, Binomial Distribution, Standard Interval, Coverage Probability, Expected Widt

Deep Eutectic Solvents as à-la-Carte Medium for Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Organic Processes

Our society is facing a tremendous challenge to become more sustainable in every sphere of life. Regarding the chemical industry, one of the most significant issues to be addressed is the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as solvents because they are petrol-derived and most of them are toxic and flammable. Among the possible solutions, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as sustainable alternatives to VOCs in organic catalyzed transformations and other fields. The advantages of these new reaction media are not only related to their more benign physical and chemical properties and, for most of them, their renewable sources but also due to the possibility of being recycled after their use, increasing the sustainability of the catalyzed process in which they are involved. However, their use as media in catalytic transformations introduces new challenges regarding the compatibility and activity of known catalysts. Therefore, designed catalysts and “à-la-carte” DESs systems have been developed to overcome this problem, to maximize the reaction outcomes and to allow the recyclability of the catalyst/media system. Over the last decade, the popularity of these solvents has steadily increased, with several examples of efficient metal-catalyzed organic transformations, showing the efficiency of the catalysts/DES system, compared to the related transformations carried out in VOCs. Additionally, due to the inherent properties of the DES, unknown transformations can be carried out using the appropriated catalyst/DES system. All these examples of sustainable catalytic processes are compiled in this review.This research has been made possible with the financial support received from the University of Alicante (VIGROB-316FI), the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2021-127332NB-I00) and the Valencian Department of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society (APOSTD/2020/235 and AICO/2021/013)

Solvent-Free Enantioselective Organocatalyzed Aldol Reactions

The use of proline as catalyst for the aldol process has given a boost to the development of organocatalysis as a research area. Since then, a plethora of organocatalysts of diverse structures have been developed for this and other organic transformations under different reaction conditions. The use of an organic molecule as catalyst to promote a reaction meets several principles of Green Chemistry. The implementation of solvent-free methodologies to carry out the aldol reaction was soon envisaged. These solvent-free processes can be performed using conventional magnetic stirring or applying ball milling techniques and are even compatible with the use of supported organocatalysts as promoters, which allows the recovery and reuse of the organocatalysts. In addition, other advantages such as the reduction of the required amount of nucleophile and the acceleration of the reaction are accomplished by using solvent-free conditions leading to a “greener” and more sustainable process.This research was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación (MICINN: Projects CTQ2007-62771/BQU, CTQ2010-20387, and Consolider Ingenio 2010 CSD2007-00006), FEDER, the Generalitat Valenciana (Project PROMETE0/2009/039), the University of Alicante and the EU (ORCA action CM0905). A.B.C. thanks the Spanish ME for a predoctoral fellowship (FPU AP2009-3601)

Aqueous Enantioselective Aldol Reaction of Methyl- and Phenylglyoxal Organocatalyzed by N-Tosyl-(S a)-binam-l-prolinamide

The direct aldol reaction between methylglyoxal (40% aqueous solution) or phenylglyoxal monohydrate and ketones or aldehydes is catalyzed by N-tosyl-(S a)-binam-l-prolinamide to afford the corresponding chiral γ-oxo-β-hydroxy carbonyl compounds, mainly as anti isomers with enantioselectivities up to 97%.This work was financially supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO: Projects: CTQ2010-20387 and Consolider INGENIO CSD2007-0006), FEDER, the Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo/2009/039), the University of Alicante and the EU (ORCA action CM0905)

Relevance as an enhancer of votes on Twitter

[EN] The concept of the influence of Katz and Lazarfeld given in the last century has evolved thanks to the appearance of Social Networks and especially Twitter. Because this microblogging has allowed candidates for any election process to be closer to their electors and also allows an analysis of the contents of the messages to determine their polarity. The relevance of the messages that measure the level of influence that can be had in the voters, incorporated into the traditional analysis of the Social Networks allow to have a greater degree of precision in the electoral predictions that are made using natural language processing, NLP. We have introduced in the methodology that we propose a mechanism to enhance the votes of those messages that have a greater relevance and turn them into votes in order to improve the predictability of the electoral results. The proposed methodology was applied in the election for President of the Republic of Ecuador that was held on February 19, 2017, obtaining a Mean Average Error, MAE = 1.4 that demonstrates the relevance of incorporating the variable Relevance as an enhancer of votes.This research work has been partially funded by the University of Alicante, Generalitat Valenciana , Spanish Government, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte and ASAP - Ayudas Fundación BBVA a equipos de investigación científica 2016(FUNDACIONBBVA2-16PREMIO) through the projects, TIN2015- 65100-R, TIN2015-65136-C2-2-R, PROMETEOII/2014/001, GRE16- 01: “Plataforma inteligente para recuperación, análisis y representación de la información generada por usuarios en Internet” and “Análisis de Sentimientos Aplicado a la Prevención del Suicidio en las Redes Sociales” (PR16_SOC_0013).Arroba Rimassa, J.; Llopis, F.; Munoz Guillena, R. (2018). Relevance as an enhancer of votes on Twitter. En 2nd International Conference on Advanced Reserach Methods and Analytics (CARMA 2018). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 63-70. https://doi.org/10.4995/CARMA2018.2018.8311OCS637

The Effects of Social Networking Sites Needs and Academic Stressors on Academic Motivation of College Students

In recent years, social networking sites (SNSs) have experienced a surge in popularity, particularly among college students. These online platforms offer diverse functionalities that facilitate connections with friends and family, information sharing, and resource exchange. This study aimed to determine the effects of SNSs needs and academic stressors on the academic motivation of college students in one private schools in Iligan City, Lanao del Norte, Philippines during the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023. Using a simple random sampling procedure, 511 first, second, and third-year college students participated and responded to the adapted Likert-type instruments assessing the study variables. The result showed that most college students used Facebook, Facebook Messenger, and YouTube daily. It was also revealed that both SNSs and academic stressors positively affect extrinsic motivation. However, only SNSs have a positive impact on intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, academic stressors positively affect amotivation. Hence, educators and school administrators should consider incorporating SNSs to enhance motivation and engagement among college students. Specifically, educators can leverage the features of SNSs to promote collaboration, communication, and information sharing among students. Additionally, educators may consider designing academic activities encouraging students to use SNSs to explore and apply course content

Bio-renewable enantioselective aldol reaction in natural deep eutectic solvents

Among the deep eutectic solvents (DES), natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) formed by D-glucose and racemic malic acid are suitable media to perform the enantioselective L-proline catalyzed intermolecular aldol reaction, creating simultaneously and selectively a C–C bond and a new stereocenter. The scope of the reaction was found to be broad, with products being obtained with good levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivities. Furthermore, when the reaction was performed at a large scale, the catalyst together with the reaction media can be recovered by simple water extraction and reused at least three times affording similar results. Therefore, the use of NADES as reaction media to carry out a VOC-free selective process has been demonstrated for the first time. The process is clean, cheap, simple and scalable and meets most of the criteria to be considered as a sustainable and bio-renewable process, with the reaction media and catalyst arising directly from Nature.This work was supported by the University of Alicante (VIGROB-173 and UAUSTI13-09)

Linealización de un amplificador balanceado con modulación de carga mediante un predistorsionador digital basado en redes neuronales para comunicaciones en vehículos aereos no tripulados

This final degree project focuses on the analysis and linearization of a load modulated balanced amplifier (LMBA), designed to operate with wide bandwidth signals without degrading the amplifier's efficiency. This type of amplifier can be used in unmanned aerial vehicles that require a high data transmission rate, where it is critical to maintain high levels of efficiency to minimize consumption and maximize flight autonomy, as well as in base stations to be used with the new 5G standard. In this project the parameters involved in the LMBA (the phase shift between the two signals that control the amplifier and the relationship between these two amplitudes) and its effects on the linearity and efficiency are analyzed. In addition, a number of steps are proposed to follow for proper settings and get the most out of this amplifier. Finally, the linearization of the amplifier is performed with a digital predistorter based on an artificial neural network made up of several hidden layers, and these results are compared to the results obtained with the GMP (Generalized Memory Polynomial) method for different LTE signals

Condiciones, requerimientos espaciales y funcionales del embarque y desembarque de pasajeros para el planteamiento del terminal terrestre interprovincial de Moyobamba

El presente trabajo de investigación “Condiciones, requerimientos espaciales y funcionales del embarque y desembarque de pasajeros para el planteamiento del terminal terrestre interprovincial de Moyobamba” tuvo como propósito establecer las condiciones mínimos para el terminal interprovincial de la ciudad, teniendo en consideración el enfoque de diseño y de espacios arquitectónicos según los objetivos desarrollados para que se pueda contar con una infraestructura que cumpla con los requerimientos de los usuarios, por lo que se realizó visitas al actual terminal terrestre de la ciudad de Moyobamba, obteniendo evidencias-encuestas,etc, y se ha determinado que el mencionado terminal no cumple con los estándares mínimos de diseño arquitectónico, como contar con una sala de espera, zona de embarque y desembarque, área de maniobras, etc., gracias a esto se ha llegado a ciertas conclusiones que nos ayudaron a conocer cuáles son las principales necesidades del usuario, para que finalmente se den las recomendaciones adecuadas que contribuirán a reducir la enorme brecha en infraestructura determinado en el sector transportes y comunicaciones que se registra a nivel de nuestro país

Glyoxylic Acid versus Ethyl Glyoxylate for the Aqueous Enantio­selective Synthesis of α-Hydroxy-γ-Keto Acids and Esters by the N-Tosyl-(S a)-binam-l-prolinamide-Organocatalyzed Aldol Reaction

N-Tosyl-(S a)-binam-l-prolinamide is an efficient catalyst for the aqueous aldol reaction between ketones and glyoxylic acid, as the monohydrate or as an aqueous solution, or a 50% toluene solution of ethyl glyoxylate. These reactions led to the formation of chiral α-hydroxy-γ-keto carboxylic acids and esters in high levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee), providing mainly anti aldol products. Only cyclopentanone and cyclohexane-1,4-dione afforded an almost 1:1 mixture of the syn/anti-diastereoisomers; however, the reaction between 4-phenylcyclohexanone and ethyl glyoxylate gave the corresponding syn,syn-product as the major diastereoisomer.This work was financially supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO: Projects: CTQ2010-20387 and Consolider INGENIO CSD2007-0006), FEDER, the Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo/2009/039), the University of Alicante, and the EU (ORCA action CM0905)