Global existence for a class of reaction-diffusion systems with mass action kinetics and concentration-dependent diffusivities

In this work we study the existence of classical solutions for a class of reaction-diffusion systems with quadratic growth naturally arising in mass action chemistry when studying networks of reactions of the type $A_i+A_j \rightleftharpoons A_k$ with Fickian diffusion, where the diffusion coefficients might depend on time, space and on all the concentrations $c_i$ of the chemical species. In the case of one single reaction, we prove global existence for space dimensions $N\leq 5$. In the more restrictive case of diffusion coefficients of the type $d_i(c_i)$, we use an $L^2$-approach to prove global existence for $N\leq 9$. In the general case of networks of such reactions we extend the previous method to get global solutions for general diffusivities if $N\leq 3$ and for diffusion of type $d_i(c_i)$ if $N\leq 5$. In the latter quasi-linear case of $d_i(c_i)$ and for space dimensions $N=2$ and $N=3$, global existence holds for more than quadratic reactions. We can actually allow for more general rate functions including fractional power terms, important in applications. We obtain global existence under appropriate growth restrictions with an explicit dependence on the space dimension $N$

Global well-posedness of a conservative relaxed cross diffusion system

We prove global existence in time of solutions to relaxed conservative cross diffusion systems governed by nonlinear operators of the form $u_i\to \partial_tu_i-\Delta(a_i(\tilde{u})u_i)$ where the $u_i, i=1,...,I$ represent $I$ density-functions, $\tilde{u}$ is a spatially regularized form of $(u_1,...,u_I)$ and the nonlinearities $a_i$ are merely assumed to be continuous and bounded from below. Existence of global weak solutions is obtained in any space dimension. Solutions are proved to be regular and unique when the $a_i$ are locally Lipschitz continuous

Global existence for diffusion-electromigration systems in space dimension three and higher

We prove existence of global weak solutions for the Nernst-Planck-Poisson problem which describes the evolution of concentrations of charged species $X_1, ..., X_P$ subject to Fickian diffusion and chemical reactions in the presence of an electrical field, including in particular the Boltzmann statistics case. In contrast to the existing literature, existence is proved in any dimension. Moreover, we do not need the assumption $P = 2$ nor the assumption of equal diffusivities for all $P$ components. Our approach relies on the intrinsic energy structure and on an adequate nonlinear and curiously more regular approximate problem. The delicate passing to the limit is done in adequate functional spaces which lead to only weak solutions

Global Existence and Fast-Reaction Limit in Reaction-Diffusion Systems with Cross Effects

This thesis is devoted to the study of reaction-diffusion systems arising in population dynamics, chemistry and electromigration theory. We investigate global existence issues for strong and weak solutions, uniqueness, regularity, and study the fast reaction limit for systems from massaction kinetics chemistry. In this introduction, we first present the kind of evolution systems we are interested in. Next, we give the outline of this work and explain how the results will be presented in three different chapters. Finally, we describe in more detail the main results of each chapter

Introduction: Comics and Adaptation

This introduction to this special issue of European Comic Art on ‘Comics and Adaptation’ provides a brief overview of the field of adaptation studies, with a particular focus on its considerable developments and expansion since the late 1990s, as it has moved beyond a comparative novel-to-film approach to centre instead around questions of intertextuality and hypertextuality. This special issue aims to contribute to this field and to the growing body of works on comics and adaptation. The authors explore questions of transnational circulation of visual, narrative and generic motifs (Boillat); heteronormalisation and phallogocentrism (Krauthaker and Connolly); authenticity of drawn events (Lecomte); identity in a stateless minoritised culture (Blin-Rolland); ‘high’ and popular culture (Blank); reverence in comic adaptations of the literary canon (de Rooy); and documentary and parody (Ripley).</jats:p

Backscattering suppression in supersonic 1D polariton condensates

We investigate the effects of disorder on the propagation of one-dimensional polariton condensates in semiconductor microcavities. We observe a strong suppression of the backscattering produced by the imperfections of the structure when increasing the condensate density. This suppression occurs in the supersonic regime and is simultaneous to the onset of parametric instabilities which enable the "hopping" of the condensate through the disorder. Our results evidence a new mechanism for the frictionless flow of polaritons at high speeds.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Identification of novel regulatory factor X (RFX) target genes by comparative genomics in Drosophila species

An RFX-binding site is shown to be conserved in the promoters of a subset of ciliary genes and a subsequent screen for this site in two Drosophila species identified novel RFX target genes that are involved in sensory ciliogenesis

Food allergy enhances allergic asthma in mice

BackgroundAtopic march refers to the typical transition from a food allergy in early childhood to allergic asthma in older children and adults. However the precise interplay of events involving gut, skin and pulmonary inflammation in this process is not completely understood.ObjectivesTo develop a mouse model of mixed food and respiratory allergy mimicking the atopic march and better understand the impact of food allergies on asthma.MethodsFood allergy to ovalbumin (OVA) was induced through intra-peritoneal sensitization and intra-gastric challenge, and/or a respiratory allergy to house dust mite (HDM) was obtained through percutaneous sensitization and intra-nasal challenges with dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) extract. Digestive, respiratory and systemic parameters were analyzed.ResultsOVA-mediated gut allergy was associated with an increase in jejunum permeability, and a worsening of Der f-induced asthma with stronger airway hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary cell infiltration, notably eosinophils. There was overproduction of the pro-eosinophil chemokine RANTES in broncho-alveolar lavages associated with an enhanced Th2 cytokine secretion and increased total and Der f-specific IgE when the two allergies were present. Both AHR and lung inflammation increased after a second pulmonary challenge.ConclusionGut sensitization to OVA amplifies Der f-induced asthma in mice

Second-line targeted therapies after nivolumab-ipilimumab failure in metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Correction: Volume: 119 Pages: 200-201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.04.012 Published: SEP 2019Background: Nivolumab-ipilimumab demonstrated a survival benefit over sunitinib in first-line setting for metastatic renal cell carcinomas (mRCCs) and is becoming a new standard of care for naive patients with intermediate or poor risk prognosis (International mRCC Database Consortium). The efficacy of subsequent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) after nivolumab-ipilimumab failure remains unclear. Methods: Medical records of mRCC patients treated with nivolumab-ipilimumab, who received subsequent TKI, as part of Checkmate 214 study were reviewed in 13 institutions. Baseline characteristics, outcome data including progression-free survival (PFS), response, overall survival (OS) and toxicities were retrospectively collected. Results: Overall 33 patients received subsequent TKI after nivolumab-ipilimumab failure. Median follow-up from start of subsequent TKI is 22 months (19-NR). Best response was assessed in 30 patients: 12 partial responses (36%), 13 stable diseases (39%) and five progressive diseases (15%). Median PFS from start of TKI was 8 months [5-13]. Median PFS with first-generation (sunitinib/pazopanib) and second-generation TKI (axitinib/cabozantinib) was 8 months [5-16] and 7 months (5-NA), respectively. PFS in second line was significantly longer in patients with a long first-line duration of response to the double immune checkpoint blockade (>= 6 months) with 8 versus 5 months for short responder (= 3. Conclusion: This is the first report of outcomes with TKI, after first-line nivolumab-ipilimumab failure. Median PFS suggests a sustained benefit of TKI and supports trials investigating the optimal sequence. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe