Ischemic preconditioning improves autonomic modulation after session of resistance exercise / Pré-condicionamento isquêmico melhora a modulação autonômica após sessão de exercício resistido

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in a session of resistance exercise (RE) for upper and lower limbs on the heart rate variability (HRV) in normotensive and trained men. sixteen normotensive and trained men visit the laboratory in five sessions in non-consecutive days. The first two sessions subjects performed one repetition maximum (RM) test and retest, and the next three visits they performed the experimental protocols: a) RE (CON), b) IPC+RE (IPC), c) SHAM+RE (SHAM). RE were performed in 3 sets at 80% 1RM until concentric failure. IPC consisted of 4x5-mins of vascular occlusion at 220 mmHg alternating with 5-min of reperfusion. SHAM protocol followed the same IPC method with 20mmHg vascular occlusion. A significant decrease in LF­nu and RMSSDms (p=0.001) was found from baseline for IPC, SHAM, and CON. A significant increase in HFnu and LF/HF (p=0.001) was found from baseline for IPC, SHAM, and CON. A significant decrease in LF­nu and LF/HF was observed from 60-min post for IPC vs. SHAM and IPC vs. CON (p<0.05). A significant increase in HFnu was observed from 60-min post for IPC vs. SHAM and IPC vs. CON (p<0.05). A significant increase in RMSSDms was found from post-60 for IPC vs. SHAM (p < 0.05). RE followed IPC shows significantly improvements in the autonomic cardiac modulation, accelerating the autonomic recovery after the RE session, by increasing the vagal activity and reducing the sympathetic activation when compared to RE and SHAM protocols

Assessment of the Dentistry undergraduates’ knowledge on tooth avulsion

Dental trauma affects mainly children, teenagers and young adults and the anterior teeth. In dental avulsion, the teeth are completely displaced out of the socket. This dentoalveolar lesion is that causing the most severe functional, esthetic, and psychologic damage to the patient. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge level of Dentistry undergraduates on tooth avulsion and verify whether the course period would be associated with the knowledge level. Material and methods: A questionnaire adapted from Fujita et al.. [5], was applied, consisting of three parts, Part 1: general demographic data; Part 2: questions about the experience in tooth trauma Part 3: knowledge about tooth avulsion. The questionnaire was applied to 706 Dentistry undergraduates from Positivo University (PR), in June, 2015. The chi-square test was used to identify differences in responses for different variables, with significance level of 5%. Results: Most of the students were at the age range from 16 to 20 years-old (47.1%), were female (74.7%), were not trained on first-aid care in cases of tooth trauma (73.9%), and never faced a case of tooth avulsion (68.8%). The course period was statistically and positively associated with the knowledge on dental avulsion. Conclusion: The evaluated Dentistry undergraduate students knew how to manage cases of tooth avulsion. Statistically significant differences occurred in relation to the course period and the knowledge on tooth avulsion

Microcalorimetric and SAXS determination of PEO−SDS interactions: The effect of cosolutes formed by ions

The effect of different ionic cosolutes (NaCl, Na2SO4, Li2SO4, NaSCN, Na2[Fe(CN)5NO], and Na3[Co(NO)6]) on the interaction between sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was examined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and isothermal titration calorimetric techniques. The critical aggregation concentration values (cac), the saturation concentration (C2), the integral enthalpy change for aggregate formation (ΔHagg(int)) and the standard free energy change of micelle adsorption on the macromolecule chain (ΔΔGagg) were derived from the calorimetric titration curves. In the presence of 1.00 mmol L−1 cosolute, no changes in the parameters were observed when compared with those obtained for SDS−PEO interactions in pure water. For NaCl, Na2SO4, Li2SO4, and NaSCN at 10.0 and 100 mmol L−1, the cosolute presence lowered cac, increased C2, and the PEO−SDS aggregate became more stable. In the presence of Na2[Fe(CN)5NO], the calorimetric titration curves changed drastically, showing a possible reduction in the PEO−SDS degree of interaction, possibility disrupting the formed nanostructure; however, the SAXS data confirmed, independent of the small energy observed, the presence of aggregates adsorbed on the polymer chain

Periodontal diseases: is it possible to prevent them? A populational and individual approach

Periodontal diseases are infectious inflammatory chronic diseases of a multifactorial nature. They are primarily caused by dysbiotic ecological changes in dental biofilm, which may be influenced by risk factors. The prevention of periodontal diseases may involve different strategies focused on reducing distal, intermediate, and proximal risk factors at both the population and individual levels. Effective prevention depends on interdisciplinary and common risk factor approaches. Also, patient-centered preventive models are more effective than professional-centered models in the management of periodontal diseases. Regular and periodic control of dental biofilm is an essential measure for the different levels of prevention of periodontal diseases. The effectiveness of periodontal disease prevention largely depends on positive modifications of behavior, knowledge, health literacy, patient empowerment, motivation, and compliance.publishedVersio

Role of gut microbiota in infectious and inflammatory diseases

Thousands of microorganisms compose the human gut microbiota, fighting pathogens in infectious diseases and inhibiting or inducing inflammation in different immunological contexts. The gut microbiome is a dynamic and complex ecosystem that helps in the proliferation, growth, and differentiation of epithelial and immune cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Disorders that cause alteration of this microbiota lead to an imbalance in the host’s immune regulation. Growing evidence supports that the gut microbial community is associated with the development and progression of different infectious and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, understanding the interaction between intestinal microbiota and the modulation of the host’s immune system is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms involved in different pathologies, as well as for the search of new treatments. Here we review the main gut bacteria capable of impacting the immune response in different pathologies and we discuss the mechanisms by which this interaction between the immune system and the microbiota can alter disease outcomes

Efeito agudo do precondicionamento isquêmico aplicado antes de testes de força isométrica e endurance mucular sobre as variáveis hemodinâmicas em homens treinados / Acute effect of ischemic preconditioning applied before isometric strength and muscular endurance tests on hemodynamic variables in trained men

O pré-condicionamento isquêmico (PCI) é um procedimento que consiste na aplicação de um aparelho para a oclusão vascular (OV), alternando momentos de OV e reperfusão. O PCI é um método de trabalho empregado para bloquear o fluxo sanguíneo de maneira remota e não invasiva, através de um torniquete pneumático antes de realização de um exercício. Diversos estudos têm investigado os efeitos do PCI no desempenho esportivo e muscular. Entretanto, poucos estudos investigaram os efeitos do PCI sobre as respostas hemodinâmicas após o exercício. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o efeito agudo do PCI aplicado antes de testes de força isométrica e de endurance muscular sobre a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), frequência cardíaca (FC), duplo produto (DP), pressão arterial média (PAM) e saturação de oxigênio (SPO2) em homens treinados. A amostra foi composta por 12 indivíduos saudáveis, treinados recreacionalmente.  O estudo foi realizado em um total de 3 visitas em dias não consecutivos (3 a 7 dias de intervalo). Durante a primeira visita ao laboratório foram assinalados os Termos de Consentimentos Livres e Esclarecidos (TCLE), de acordo com a declaração de Helsinki, em seguida, respondidos os Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire / PAR-Q, imediatamente após foram avaliados a antropometria e em seguida uma familiarização com os testes e o método. Na segunda e terceira visita os voluntários foram divididos aleatoriamente com entrada contrabalanceada e alternada, nos seguintes protocolos experimentais:a) PCI + testes de força isométrica e testes de endurance muscular (PCI); b) protocolo controle (CON) testes de força isométrica e testes de endurance muscular, logo após os foram mensuradas as variáveis hemodinâmicas. Os resultados motraram que as respostas da PAS, PAD, FC, DP, PAM e SPO2 não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os protocolos PCI e CON (p> 0.05). A PAS foi significativamente maior no PCI comparando o momento pré vs. pós (p=0.01).  A FC foi significativamente maior, comparando pré vs. pós, no PCI (p=0.01) e no CON (p=0.01). O DP foi significativamente maior, comparando pré vs. pós, no PCI (p=0.01) e no CON (p=0.01). A PAMnão apresentou diferenças significativas, comparando pré vs. pós, nos protocolos PCI e CON (p>0.05). A SPO2 não apresentou diferenças significativas, comparando pré vs. pós, nos protocolos PCI e CON (p>0.05). Em conclusão, nossos achados demonstraram que aplicação do PCI antes de teste de força isométrica e de endurance muscular não alteraram significativamente as respostas hemodinâmicas (PAS, PAD, FC, DP, PAM e SPO2) em homens treinados.