1,855 research outputs found
Explaining Sentiment Classification with Synthetic Exemplars and Counter-Exemplars
We present xspells, a model-agnostic local approach for explaining the decisions of a black box model for sentiment classification of short texts. The explanations provided consist of a set of exemplar sentences and a set of counter-exemplar sentences. The former are examples classified by the black box with the same label as the text to explain. The latter are examples classified with a different label (a form of counter-factuals). Both are close in meaning to the text to explain, and both are meaningful sentences – albeit they are synthetically generated. xspells generates neighbors of the text to explain in a latent space using Variational Autoencoders for encoding text and decoding latent instances. A decision tree is learned from randomly generated neighbors, and used to drive the selection of the exemplars and counter-exemplars. We report experiments on two datasets showing that xspells outperforms the well-known lime method in terms of quality of explanations, fidelity, and usefulness, and that is comparable to it in terms of stability
Architectures and Key Technical Challenges for 5G Systems Incorporating Satellites
Satellite Communication systems are a promising solution to extend and
complement terrestrial networks in unserved or under-served areas. This aspect
is reflected by recent commercial and standardisation endeavours. In
particular, 3GPP recently initiated a Study Item for New Radio-based, i.e., 5G,
Non-Terrestrial Networks aimed at deploying satellite systems either as a
stand-alone solution or as an integration to terrestrial networks in mobile
broadband and machine-type communication scenarios. However, typical satellite
channel impairments, as large path losses, delays, and Doppler shifts, pose
severe challenges to the realisation of a satellite-based NR network. In this
paper, based on the architecture options currently being discussed in the
standardisation fora, we discuss and assess the impact of the satellite channel
characteristics on the physical and Medium Access Control layers, both in terms
of transmitted waveforms and procedures for enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB)
and NarrowBand-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) applications. The proposed analysis
shows that the main technical challenges are related to the PHY/MAC procedures,
in particular Random Access (RA), Timing Advance (TA), and Hybrid Automatic
Repeat reQuest (HARQ) and, depending on the considered service and
architecture, different solutions are proposed.Comment: Submitted to Transactions on Vehicular Technologies, April 201
Acquisition of an Automated Powder X-Ray Diffraction System
This grant provides $70,295 as one-half support of the costs of acquiring a state-of-the-art powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD) that will be housed in a newly constructed Global Sciences building on the Orono campus of the University of Maine. This acquisition will allow these PI\u27s to continue their internationally recognized research programs in petrologic mineralogy including studies of the phase equilibria of solid solutions in metamorphic rocks and borosilicates. The characterization of both structural properties and mineralogic identification of unknowns is fundamental to these researchers and the establishment of a modern XRD facility at the University of Maine will benefit a number of other faculty both within the Department of Geological Sciences and within the departments of Physics and Engineering
Gynecological surgical interventions (conservative and non-conservative): Clinical psychological variables and symptomatology pertaining to perioperative period
Objective: After considering great inter-individual variability of subjective experience and clinical
course in reference to conservative and non-conservative gynecological surgical interventions, an
attempt was made to evaluate potential role of several clinical and psychological variables with respect
to perioperative symptomatology course and illness behaviour.
Materials and methods: The sample consists of 58 women (mean age 41.4 ± 8.7) undergoing
gynecological surgical interventions (conservative and non-conservative ones) for benign pathologies.
The anamnestic and clinical data (psychological anamnesis, clinical history, indications, methods
and typology of the intervention) were collected using a specifically designed summary form. For
the evaluation of pre-and post-operative symptomatology course and illness behaviour, the following
psychological tests were respectively used: The Symptom Questionnaire (SQ), with 3 planned
administrations (respectively 15 days before the intervention, a day before the intervention and at
discharge) and the Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ), completed before discharge. Non-parametric
tests (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) were used to compare performances on independent samples.
Results: Results show that perioperative course and illness behaviour in the cases of gynecological
surgical interventions for benign pathologies depend on clinical variables, that is, typology and methods
of the intervention, clinical history, psychopathological anamnesis.
Conclusion: Findings suggest the importance of clinical-anamnestic inquiry oriented towards the
evaluation of variables that emerged as risk factors, with the goal of planning personalized support
interventions for preventing and/or reducing distress and impact on psychophysical wellbeing arising
after gynaecological surgical interventions
Geology of the Lower Paleozoic Rocks in the Boundary Mountain Anticlinorium
Guidebook for field trips in the Rangeley Lakes - Dead River Basin region, western Maine: 62nd annual meeting October 2, 3, and 4, 1970: Trip A-
Impregnation of Synthetic Saponites with Aldehydes: A Green Approach in the Intercalation of Bioactive Principles
Detecting olive grove abandonment with Sentinel-2 and machine learning: The development of a web-based tool for land management
A longitudinal assessment of chronic care pathways in real-life: self-care and outcomes of chronic heart failure patients in Tuscany
Background: Worldwide healthcare systems face challenges in assessing and monitoring chronic care pathways and, even more, the value generated for patients. Patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) represent a valid Real-World Evidence (RWE) source to fully assess health systems’ performance in managing chronic care pathways. Methods: The originality of the study consists in the chance of adopting PROMs, as a longitudinal assessment tool for continuous monitoring of patients’ adherence to therapies and self-care behavior recommendations in clinical practice and as a chance to provide policy makers insights to improve chronic pathways adopting a patient perspective. The focus was on PROMs of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) collected in the Gabriele Monasterio Tuscan Foundation (FTGM), a tertiary referral CHF centre in Pisa, Italy. During the hospital stay, CHF patients were enrolled and received a link (via SMS or email) to access to the first questionnaire. Follow-up questionnaires were sent 1, 7 and 12 months after the index hospitalisation. Professionals invited 200 patients to participate to PROMs surveys. 174 answers were digitally collected at baseline from 2018 to 2020 and analysed. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted, using Chi2, t-tests and regression models together with narrative evidence from free text responses. Results: Both quantitative and qualitative results showed FTGM patients declared to strongly adhere to the pharmacological therapy across the entire pathway, while seemed less careful to adhere to self-care behavior recommendations (e.g., physical activity). CHF patients that performed adequate Self-Care Maintenance registered outcome improvements. Respondents declared to be supported by family members in managing their adherence. Conclusions: The features of such PROMs collection model are relevant for researchers, policymakers and for managers to implement interventions aimed at improving pathway adherence dimensions. Among those, behavioral economics interventions could be implemented to increase physical activity among CHF patients since proven successful in Tuscany. Strategies to increase territorial care and support patients’ caregivers in their daily support to patients’ adherence should be further explored. Systematic PROMs collection would allow to monitor changes in the whole pathway organization. This study brings opportunities for extending such monitoring systems to other organizations to allow for reliable benchmarking opportunities
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