Implementación del área de conservación privada en la cuenca alta del Río Verde, valle de los Chilchos y la meseta, Saposoa

The implementation of the Prívate Conservation Area is located in the upper basin of the Rio Verde, between the Chilchos valley and the Meseta, west of the San Martín region (77°41'36.30"- 7r36'11.77" W, 6°49'41.60"- 6°43'32.65" S) between the altitudes of 1500 up te the 3627 m.s.n.m., Yasgolga mountain chain, it is a branch very integrated te the Northeastern Mountain chain of the Andes of Peru that one understands on brought near of 500.00 hectares delimitad by the Marañan, Utcubamba, Huayabamba and Huallaga rivers, north of the National Park Abiseo river. By their relativa isolation has a high biological value, ecological and archaeological, with forest fragile and irreparable, own of cloud forest, has been included in the list of the 38 priority areas for conservation by the great biological diversity at the national leve! (Master Plan 2009). lt has been many years of research and negotiation between the state and the organizations to determine a strategy for the conservation of a portian of the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes of Peru, a product of this effort is today the National Park Abiseo River. However, it is well known that the ecological processes do not know borders or administrativa policies, and an ecosystem of humid forest, such as the Chilchos, Huabayacu and Jelache (high basin of the Huallaga River), still need other complementary strategies to ensure the conservation of these wetland ecosystems and fragile. Taking into account this prioritization, necessity and through an exemplary initiative of the local population in the Chilchos valley, which is located in this part of the Yasgolga Cordillera, is looking for the deployment of Prívate Conservation Area, due te the demographic pressure disorderly migration toward this area of the North slope, in search of new lands, following ancient modes of agricultura! production that will seriously affect the moist montana forests of the Chilchos vaUey and the Meseta. The growth of the human impact towards this zone during the last decades has caused that performs vital importance the intervention of the Authorities and put into practica the minimization of these processes, across the conservation of the biological, ecological and archaeological values, by means of the impulsamiento of creation of air of conservation, en the basis of he her would play low that they possess these places befare mentioned. The first step for the creation of areas and conservation of the biological resources, it has been to raise the bordering, social, cultural, economic and environmental information and especially the preliminary inventaries in different sectors and to establish the implementation of the Area of conseri.tation in the high basin of the Green river, the Chilchos valley and the Meseta. These sectors were 1 ) the surroundings of the Lagoon of the Condors and the Lead, between 2900 to 3350 meters of altitude, 2) around the Chilchos, on the Chilchos river and one on the Blanco river, both between the 1550 and 1900 meters above sea level, 3) around Anasco People, between 1900 and 2570 meters of altitude, and 4) around the area known as the Laurel, between 2700 to 3200 m of altitude. The data obtained in this preliminary inventory corroborated with the inventory of the 2003, 2008, and 201 O, show a great biological value, a high endemism anda high percentage of threatened species (D. S. No 034-2004-AG y D.S. 043- 2006-AG), but at the same time a high threat of destruction of the cloud forest, its diversity and the archaeological sites present throughout the Green River basin. In the same shipment were used to inventory through coordinates the archaeological sites, which include severa! sites preyed funeral and sorne sites intact, which however is under the threat of predation. Key words: disorderly migration, threatened species. JR.La implementación del Área de Conservación Privada se encuentra localizada en la cuenca alta del río Verde, entre el Valle de los Chilchos y La Meseta, al Oeste de la región San Martín ( 77°41'36.30"- 77°36'11.77" W, 6°49'41.60"- 6°43'32.65" S) entre las altitudes de 1500 y 3627 m.s.n.m., cordillera de Yasgolga, es una rama muy integrada a la Cordillera Nororiental de los Andes del Perú, que se entiende sobre un aproximado de 500.00 hectáreas delimitados por los ríos Utcubamba, Huabayacu, Huayabamba, y Huallaga, norte del Parque Nacional Río Abiseo. Por su relativo aislamiento posee un gran valor biológico, ecológico y arqueológico, con frágil bosque e irreparable, propio de bosque de neblina, habiéndose incluido en las 23 zonas priorizadas para su conservación por la gran diversidad biológica a nivel nacional (Plan Director 2009)1 . Ha sido muchos años de investigación y negociación entre el estado y las organizaciones para determinar una estrategia de conservación de una parte de la cordillera Nororiental de los Andes del Perú, producto de esos esfuerzos se tiene hoy en día el Parque Nacional Río Abiseo, concesiones para conservación Alto Huayabmaba y Martín Sagrado. Sin embargo, bien es sabido que lo procesos ecológicos no conocen las fronteras políticas o administrativas, y un ecosistema de bosque húmedo, como él, de los Chilchos, Huabayacu y Jelache (cuenca alta del río Huallaga), aun necesitan de otras estrategias complementarias y asegurar la conservación de estos ecosistemas húmedos y frágiles. Teniendo en cuenta esta priorización, necesidad y a través de un ejemplar iniciativa de la población local del Valle de Los Chilchos, ubicada, en esta parte de la Cordillera de Yasgolga, cuenca alta del Huayabamba, se busca implementación el Área de Conservación Privada, debido a la presión demográfica migratoria desordenado hacia esta zona de la vertiente Nororiental, en búsqueda de nuevas tierras, siguiendo modos ancestrales de producción agrícola que van afectando seriamente los bosques húmedos montanos del valle Los Chilchos y La Meseta. El crecimiento del impacto humano hacia esta zona durante las últimas décadas ha ocasionado que sea de vital importancia la intervención de las Autoridades y poner en práctica la minimización de estos procesos, a través de conservación de los valores biológicos, ecológicos y arqueológicos, mediante impulsamiento de espacios de conservación, en base a su categoría que poseen estos lugares antes mencionados. El primer paso la para la creación de áreas y conservación de los recursos biológicos, ha sido levantar la información limítrofe, social, cultural, económica y ambiental, y en especial los inventarios preliminares en sectores diferentes y establecer la implementación del Área de conservación en la cuenca alta del rio Verde, valle de Los Chilchos y La Meseta. Estos sectores fueron 1) los alrededores de la Laguna de Los Cóndores y El Plomo, entre los 2900 a 3350 metros de altitud, 2) alrededores de los Chilchos, sobre el río Chilchos y en una sobre el río Blanco, ambas entre los 1550 y 1900 msnm, 3) Alrededor de Añasco Pueblo, ente los 1900 a 2570 metros de altitud, y 4) Alrededor del sector denominado El Laurel, entre los 2700 a 3200 metros de altitud. Los datos obtenidos en este inventario preliminar corroborados con los inventarios del 2003, 2008, y 2010, muestran un gran valor biológico, un alto endemismo y un alto porcentaje de especies amenazadas (D.S. N° 034-2004-AG y D.S. 043-2006-AG), pero a la vez un alto peligro de destrucción de los bosque de neblina, su diversidad y los sitios arqueológicos presentes a lo largo de todo la cuenca del rio Verde. En la misma expedición se aprovecharon para inventariar atreves de coordenadas los sitos arqueológicos, ente los cuales se encuentran varios sitios funerarios depredados y algunos sitios funerarios intactos, las cuales sin embargo se encuentra con amenaza de depredación.Tesi

CNERU (Cordoba Near Eastern Research Unit). A research and diffusion unit on the Near East, its history and heritage

En el presente artículo analizamos la elaboración y contenidos de una página web sobre la historia y el legado del Oriente Próximo, junto con su adaptación y aplicaciones en otros media.Our aim in the this paper is to analyze the making and contents development of a website on the history and heritage of the Near East, along with its adaptation, applications and other media

CNAPSI Corpus of Nabatean, North Arabian, Palmyrene and (Old) Syriac Inscriptions. An on-line project

Presentación lingüística, morfológica y descriptiva de un corpus de inscripciones en dialectos arameos y norarábigo para su difusión en red con sus representaciones correspondientes.Our aim in the present article is to give a linguistic, morphologic and descriptive presentation of a corpus of inscriptions in Aramaic and North-Arabian dialects for their dissemination in Internet, together with their respective iconographic representations

Can aromaticity enhance the electron transport in molecular wires?

An interesting debate has been recently raised around the role played by aromaticity in the electron transport ability of molecular wires. Normally, it is associated to destructive interference effects, so that the more aromatic the wire the less conductor. This rule was observed experimentally in a series of homologous wires containing ring units of different aromaticity, but theoretical calculations and other recent experiments demonstrate the rule cannot be generalized and depends, for instance, in the type of molecule-electrode contact. However, neither chemical explanation nor qualitative rules were given yet to allow predicting the specific behavior of different molecular junctions. In this work, using series of polymeric molecular wires of different length and formed by different aromatic units, it is proven how it is possible to change from an expected destructive to a constructive interference effect of the aromaticity in the electron transport. Thus, aromaticity may be also employed to enhance the electron transport in a molecular wire. A chemical explanation to the experimental and theoretical observations is given and a simple way of tuning the response of a molecular wire to an external electric voltage by increasing/decreasing its aromaticity and changing its type of molecule-electrode contact is provided.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. GRC2015/01

Dialysis enrollment patterns in Guatemala: Evidence of the chronic kidney disease of non-traditional causes epidemic in Mesoamerica

BACKGROUND: In western Nicaragua and El Salvador, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent and generally affects young, male, agricultural (usually sugar cane) workers without the established CKD risk factors. It is yet unknown if the prevalence of this CKD of Non-Traditional causes (CKDnT) extends to the northernmost Central American country, Guatemala. Therefore, we sought to compare dialysis enrollment rates by region, municipality, sex, daily temperature, and agricultural production in Guatemala and assess if there is a similar CKDnT distribution pattern as in Nicaragua and El Salvador. METHODS: The National Center for Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment (Unidad Nacional de Atención al Enfermo Renal Crónico) is the largest provider of dialysis in Guatemala. We used population, Human Development Index, literacy, and agricultural databases to assess the geographic, economic, and educational correlations with the National Center for Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment’s hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis enrollment database. Enrollment rates (per 100 000) inhabitants were compared by region and mapped for comparison to regional agricultural and daytime temperature data. The distribution of men and women enrolled in dialysis were compared by region using Fisher’s exact tests. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were calculated. RESULTS: Dialysis enrollment is higher in the Southwest compared to the rest of the country where enrollees are more likely (p < 0.01) to be male (57.8%) compared to the rest of the country (49.3%). Dialysis enrollment positively correlates with Human Development Index and literacy rates. These correlations are weaker in the agricultural regions (predominantly sugar cane) of Southwest Guatemala. CONCLUSIONS: In Guatemala, CKDnT incidence may have a similar geographic distribution as Nicaragua and El Salvador (higher in the high temperature and sugar cane growing regions). Therefore, it is likely that the CKNnT epidemic extends throughout the Mesoamerican region

Co-Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Oxidative Coupling of Glycine and Peptide Derivatives

obalt-catalyzed selectiveα-alkylation andα-heteroarylation processes ofα-amino esters and peptide derivativesare described. These cross-dehydrogenative reactions occur undermild conditions and allow for the rapid assembly of structurallydiverseα-amino carbonyl compounds. Unlike enolate chemistry,these methods are distinguished by their site-specificity, occurwithout racemization of the existing chiral centers, and exhibit totalselectivity for aryl glycine motifs over other amino acid units, hence providing ample opportunities for peptide modificationsWe acknowledge technical and human support provided by SGIker of UPV/EHU and European funding (ERDF and ESF). We are grateful to G. V. (ELKARTEK_KK-2015/0000101; IT_1033-16) and MINECO (CTQ2016-78395-P) for financial support. A.C. thanks MINECO for a Ramón y Cajal contract. Cost-CHAOS action is also acknowledged

Seed Dispersal Spectrum of Woody Species in South Ecuadorian Dry Forests: Environmental Correlates and the Effect of Considering Species Abundance

This study examines the seed dispersal spectrum of the tropical dry forests of Southern Ecuador, in an effort to contribute to the knowledge of the complex dynamics of tropical dry forests. Seed dispersal spectrum was described for a total number of 160 species. Relationships of dispersal syndromes with plant growth form and climatic seasonality were explored. For a subset of 97 species, we determined whether dispersal spectrum changes when species abundance, in addition to species number, is taken into account. The same subset was used to relate dispersal syndromes with the environmental conditions. Zoochorous species dominated in the studied community. When considering the individual abundance of each species, however, anemochory was the prevalent dispersal syndrome. We found a significant difference in the frequency of dispersal syndromes among plant growth forms, with epizoochory only occurring in shrub species. The dispersal spectrum was dependent on climatic seasonality. The largest proportion of anemochorous species fructified during the dry season, while zoochorous diaspores dominated during the rainy season. A fourth-corner analysis indicated that the seed dispersal spectrum of Southern Ecuador dry forests is controlled by environmental conditions such as annual precipitation, annual temperature range or topography. Our results suggest that spatio-temporal changes in the environmental conditions may affect important ecological processes for dispersal. Thus, the predominance of one syndrome or another may depend on the spatial variation of environmental conditions

Purificación de la hormona del crecimiento humano recombinante producida en pichia pastoris

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Genética) UANLUANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Relación entre la fuerza horizontal ejercida contra los tacos, previa a una salida de velocidad, sobre el tiempo de movimiento y la velocidad

En el presente estudio se relaciona la fuerza horizontal ejercida contra los tacos durante el tiempo comprendido entre la señal de listos y el disparo de salida (preperíodo) con el tiempo de movimiento (TM) y la velocidad horizontal en el instante del despegue del pie adelantado de los tacos (vX(CG)) así como establecer su posible influencia sobre la posición adoptada durante el preperíodo y la existencia de un contramovimiento de los músculos relacionados con la extensión de la rodilla y la flexión plantar del pié. Se han analizado 48 salidas de velocidad, utilizando para ello una plataforma de fuerza a 400 Hz, fotogrametría bidimensional de alta velocidad (tecnología de vídeo a 250 Hz,) y un generador de señales aleatorio que controlaba la secuencia que debían de tener las indicaciones de listos y el disparo de salida, todos estos sistemas sincronizados temporalmente. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que cuando se incrementa la tensión inicial tiende a incrementarse la velocidad de salida del CG (vX(CG)), aunque no parece tener efecto sobre el tiempo de movimiento (TM), confirmándose también la existencia de un contramovimiento en los músculos relacionados con la flexión plantar del pié más retrasado, mientras que en el tobillo más adelantado y en las dos rodillas no parece existir.Peer Reviewe