47 research outputs found
La Necrópolis Visigoda de Cubillejo de la Sierra (Guadalajara, España) y su Contexto Histórico
In this review, the excavation work carried out in the Visigothic necropolis of Cubillejo de la Sierra (Guadalajara) during two intensive excavation campaigns (2006-2007 and 2017) within the framework of the oppidum of Los Rodiles is presented.
The authors have employed a field methodology with a very exhaustive empirical basis, focused both on the archaeology of death and the archaeology of the landscape and physical anthropology. This methodology is based on the principles and methods of these disciplines both in their approaches and in the extraction of materials, focusing on stratigraphic units.
The analyses carried out have been very thorough, providing a complete vision of the necropolis and its surroundings, based on excellent methodology.En esta reseña se expone el trabajo de excavación realizado en la necrópolis visigoda de Cubillejos de la Sierra (Guadajara) durante dos campañas intensivas de excavación (2006-2007 y 2017) en el marco del oppidum de Los Rodiles.
Los autores han utilizado una metodología de campo con una base empírica muy exhaustiva, enfocada tanto a la arqueología de la muerte como a la arqueología del paisaje y la antropología física basadas en los principios y métodos de estas disciplinas tanto en sus planteamientos como en la extracción de los materiales, enfocada a las unidades estratigráficas.
Las analíticas realizadas han sido muy exhaustivas, proporcionando una visión completa de la necrópolis y su entorno, en base a una excelente metodología
Anthracological analysis of the Cruz del Negro necropolis (Carmona, Sevilla)
Resultados que fueron presentados en el IV International Symposium on Computing and Archaeology, celebrado en Bilbao en 1998.Se analizan los carbones recuperados en 68 estructuras de combustión de la necrópolis de incineración de Cruz del Negro. Los resultados obtenidos se han sometido a varios análisis clúster para intentar descubrir, en primer lugar, si la aparición de las distintas especies esta condicionada por factores postdeposicionales y, en segundo, si la aparición de estas responden a la recogida y utilización selectiva de las mismas. A nivel paleoetnobotánico se han descubierto: conjuntos de estructuras que han utilizado las mismas especies vegetales como combustible para realizar la cremación de los cadáveres o ritos funerarios, asociaciones vegetales que pueden tener una distribución diferenciada en el entorno de la necrópolis y a nivel espacial zonas de la necrópolis caracterizadas por la aparición de varios taxones. A nivel paleoecológico se han determinado varias zonas con vegetación natural que parecen denotar unos parámetros bioclimáticos muy parecidos a los actuales, aunque quizás con un poco mas de humedad, posiblemente un ombroclima subhúmedo frente al seco actual.The carbon recovered at 68 combustion structures at the cremation necropolis of Cruz del Negro (Carmona, Spain) has been analysed. The results have been submitted to several cluster analyses to establish, firstly, whether the appearance of the different plant species is determined by postdepositional factors and, secondly, whether the appearance of these species relates to the gathering and selective use of them. In palaeobotanical terms, groups of structures were found to have used the same plant species as fuel in order to perform either cremations or funerary rites, and these plant associations may have had a differentiated distribution in the surroundings of the necropolis. In spatial terms, zones of the necropolis were characterized by the presence of various taxa. In terms of palaeoecology, various zones were determined to have had natural vegetation, apparently denoting bioclimatic parameters very similar to those of today, although perhaps with somewhat more humidity, possibly an subhumid umbroclimate as opposed to the present-day dry one
LA CRISIS DE LA DEMOCRACIA
En este artículo pretendemos realizar un análisis de la evolución histórica del concepto de democracia para visualizar la situación de crisis en la que se encuentra y sus posibles soluciones desde la Teoría de Juegos. El método que utilizamos es una revisión bibliográfica de los distintos sistemas políticos utilizando el contexto la Unión Europea. Los resultados de esta crisis democrática tienen que ver en igual de condiciones con los aspectos políticos, líderes y partidos políticos como de los distintos mecanismos inconscientes que se provocan desde la propia naturaleza humana de los ciudadanos. Concluimos que no se puede dividir un país en élites para visualizar los grupos de presión y la utilización de las puertas giratorias por dichas élites con los ciudadanos y sus actitudes en la toma de decisiones, sin embargo, utilizando la Teoría de Juegos puede constituir un instrumento útil para analizar y diagnosticar estos procesos al proponer un cambio de paradigma pacífico
Statistical analysis on metric and geometric features of dolmens in the Gor river megalithic landscape (Granada, Andalusia, Spain)
Funding for open access charge: University of Granada/CBUA.The construction of dolmens took place in Europe
from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age (fifth millennium
BC–second millennium BC) and had a rapid
development along the Atlantic façade, with an important
focus in Andalusia. Within this area, the megalithic
necropolises located in the banks of the Gor
River (Granada, Andalusia, Spain) are studied.
In this paper, multivariate techniques are applied to
characterize the dolmens associated with the Gor river
megalithic landscape by means of two analyses. First, a
new classification of the dolmens in necropolises using
their location variables produces an optimal number of
8 necropolis instead of the traditional 11. In addition,
this classification improves the traditional spatial division
of the dolmens because there is no overlapping
between necropolises. Secondly, a multivariate analysis
of the dimensional variables, which aims to detect possible
constructional patterns, is performed obtaining
three main variables of grouping. The first two, length
and width of the chamber, can be summarized as the
area of the chamber and, in terms of this, the dolmens
can be classified into two main groups. The third one,
the length of the corridor, can be considered as a factor
for intragroup discrimination.University of Granada/CBU
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF A CAREENED VESSEL (BRONZE AGE) USING 3D SCANNER LASER
El desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías proporciona herramientas de gran utilidad en la investigación arqueológica. En este trabajo se utiliza un scanner laser 3D para la obtención de modelos virtuales de objetos de pequeño tamaño, lo que ha permitido modelizar un vaso argárico del yacimiento de la Hoya del Conquín. Ante la dificultad de llevar cabo un cálculo fiable y preciso de distintas variables como la altura a partir de una única medida, se han estimado parámetros cuantitativos como la altura, el diámetro de la boca, el diámetro del cuerpo, el ángulo de la carena y el ángulo en el borde. Estos valores se han estimado extrayendo muestras aleatorias en varios puntos de la vasija, a las que se han aplicado distintos test estadísticos de estimación puntual además de análisis de la variabilidad. También se propone un modelo ideal 3D. Los resultados obtenidos indican la gran habilidad de los artesanos que manufacturaban cerámica argárica, así como un conocimiento importante de conceptos métricos y geométricos, lo que indica que en la Edad del Bronce se disponía de conocimientos matemáticos básicos, posiblemente obtenidos mediante la experiencia.New technologies provide available tools to archaeological research. In this work a scanner laser 3D is used to obtain virtual models with objects of small size that allow us to model an argaric vessel from the Hoya del Conquín settlement. Due to the problems to measure with accuracy different quantitative values from a single measures, using statistical methods have been obtained reliable estimations of quantitative parameters as height, diameter of the edge, diameter of the body, angle of the careening and angle in the border. These values have been estimated by means of random samples of several points in the vessel, and different statistical test of punctual estimation have been applied in addition to the analysis of variation. A virtual 3D is proposed also. The results point out the great skill of the Bronze Age pottery artisans as well as an important knowledge of basic metric and geometry concepts, showing a basic mathematical knowledge possibly obtained by means of the experience
Power and prestige in argar culture societies. The commensal compsumtion of bovids and ovicaprids during funerary rituals
La fuerte normalización de los ajuares cárnicos en las sepulturas argáricas permite plantear que, como parte de ritual funerario, se procedió al sacrificio de bóvidos y ovicápridos que serían consumidos en rituales de comensalidad. Un trozo de carne de estas especies animales, siempre correspondiente a una de las extremidades, formaría parte del ajuar funerario, lo que supondría la participación simbólica del muerto en el propio ritual. La adscripción social de los individuos determinaría el tipo de carne consumida. Los bóvidos serían sacrificados sólo como parte de la ceremonia de comensalidad de los sectores sociales más elevados, frente a aquellos individuos de un nivel social inferior y con menor capacidad de amortización cuyo ritual incluirían el sacrificio y consumo de ovicápridos. En las sociedades argáricas el ritual de comensalidad contribuiría a la creación de un sentido de comunidad al tiempo que legitima y naturaliza una situación de clara asimetría social. Cohesión y distancia social formarían parte del acto comensal argárico.The regular appearance of meat offerings in Argaric
pmbs enables us to point out that the slaughter and consumption
of cattle and sheep or goat took place as a part of
rituals of commensality. A portion of meat of theses animals,
always belonging to a leg, was introduced as grave
goods involving the symbolic performance of the death in the ritual itself. The type of meat consumed in these rituals
was linked to the social status of Argaric people. Cattle
would be slaughtered during the commensal practices associated
with the highest social groups in contrast to the
performance developed in the lowest social levels that include
goat or sheep but never cattle. The ritual of commensality
in Argaric societies would contribute to maintaining
the social solidarity at the same time that it legitimated and
naturalised a clear situation of social asymmetry. Cohesion
and social distance play an important role in the commensal
practices of Argaric funerary rituals
Reflectance spectroscopy in combination with cluster analysis as tools for identifying the provenance of Neolithic flint artefacts
The authors thank the staff of the Huelva Museum for the facilities
given to access the archaeological flint blades studied in this article.
Likewise, the authors appreciate the suggestions and constructive criticisms
provided by the two reviewers and in particular wish to thank Dr.
Ryan M. Parish for his excellent review and recommendations that have
notably improved the original manuscript. Angela Tate is thanked for
reviewing the English version of the manuscript.The provenance of flint artefacts found in archaeological excavations is very important for archaeologists to
better understand artefact displacement, exchange networks, mobility patterns, prehistoric migrations and
various cultural processes such as commerce, procurement strategies, territorial boundaries, etc. Reflectance
Spectroscopy is an analytical technique that measures the radiation reflected by any type of surface, as it is
sensitive to electronic and vibrational processes, both at the atomic and molecular level, which results in spectral
signatures and absorption bands of the material. In this study the flint material of 16 quarries with evident signs
of having been used to manufacture artefacts during the Neolithic period have been characterized by means of
their spectral signatures and used to identify the origin of 5 flint blades found in a dolmen close to one of the
quarries. The application of cluster analysis to compare the spectral signatures of both the quarries and the
archaeological blades has ruled out one of them as not being sourced from the studied quarries, as well as
assigning a very probable origin to the other four. Interestingly, none of the blades studied have been sourced to
the nearest quarry, as one might presume. The results of this study confirm that reflectance spectroscopy
combined with the multivariate statistical analysis could provide a powerful tool for determining the origin of
flint artefacts which have been deposited in museums and other institutions
Qualitative and quantitative characterization of the hispanic terra sigillata from the istvrgi’s pottery complex (Los Villares de Andujar, Jaén)
El centro de producción de terra sigillata hispánica
vinculado a la antigua ciudad de Isturgi (Los Villares de Andújar,
Jaén) ha sido objeto de investigación arqueológica desde
los años 70, generando aportaciones a la comunidad científica
nacional e internacional que han convertido el yacimiento en
un importante referente. Con el objetivo de caracterizar la terra
sigillata hispánica, se toma una muestra representativa de piezas
provenientes de un vertedero del barrio artesanal de Isturgi,
las cuales son registradas mediante un completo sistema de fichas
y analizadas utilizando herramientas estadísticas de descripción,
contraste de hipótesis, clasificación y estudio de su
diversidad morfológica, usando remuestreo Jackknife para estimar
índices estadísticos. Los resultados muestran una fuerte
asociación entre las versiones, lisas y decoradas, de esta clase
cerámica y la funcionalidad de las piezas con sus dimensiones
físicas. De aquí se puede intuir un alto de grado especialización
en las piezas cerámicas, respecto a la función para la que estaban
destinadas. Respecto a la diversidad morfológica, se ha
cuantificado que existía mayor diversidad de formas de piezas
lisas, sin que unas formas fuesen más utilizadas. Por el contrario,
las piezas decoradas presentan un menor grado de diversidad
y, en este caso, había formas más utilizadas.The Hispanic terra sigillata production center
linked to the ancient city of Isturgi (Los Villares de Andújar,
Jaén) has been subject to continuous archaeological research
since the 1970s, providing significant contributions to the national
and international scientific. For characterizing the Hispanic
terra sigillata, it has been selected a representative random
sample of pieces, which are registered by means of a
complete system of registration forms and analyzed using statistical
tools of description, hypothesis tests, classification and
study of their morphological diversity using Jackknife to estimate
statistical indicators. The results obtained show a strong
association between the decorated and non-decorated versions
of the ceramic class and the functionality of the pieces with
their physical dimensions. From this, it could be interpreted as
that the production of the ceramics pieces reached a high degree
of specialization according with the function for which
they were intended. Regarding the morphological diversity of
both versions, it has been quantified that there was a greater diversity
of forms within the non-decorated pieces with no forms
being more used than the others. Conversely, the forms of the
decorated pieces present a lower degree of diversity but, in this
case, some forms were more predominantly used than others.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación HAR2016-75843-
Juventud e identidad religiosa
In this paper we to diagnose how young people construct their religious identity in relation to the attendance of religious services and religion that they profess. The results obtained are based in a study of the youth of Granada (Andalusia, Spain) whose age is between 14 and 25 years during 2000, 2004 and 2008 to obtain the features about the youth in Granada how y live, feel and perceive their religion. The main conclusion was that the crisis of values emerging in Western societies leads to transform the religious phenomenon of non-migrants into something with a strong element of faith, social relations and symbols, while immigrants tend to express quite often their religiosity. Resumen: Este artículo pretende diagnosticar cómo los jóvenes construyen su identidad religiosa en relación a la asistencia de los oficios religiosos y la religión que profesan. Para ello, presentamos el estudio de los jóvenes de Granada, España (desde los 14 a los 25 años) en la construcción de su identidad religiosa a lo largo de los años 2000, 2004 y 2008, destacando su relación de cómo los jóvenes viven, sienten y perciben su religión. La conclusión a la que llegamos en dicho artículo que es la crisis de valores que están emergiendo en la sociedad occidental conduce a transformar el fenómeno religioso de los no inmigrantes en algo con un fuerte componente de fe, relaciones sociales y símbolos, mientras que los inmigrantes si suelen expresar su religiosidad con bastante frecuencia.Abstract: In this paper we to diagnose how young people construct their religious identity in relation to the attendance of religious services and religion that they profess. The results obtained are based in a study of the youth of Granada (Andalusia, Spain) whose age is between 14 and 25 years during 2000, 2004 and 2008 to obtain the features about the youth in Granada how y live, feel and perceive their religion. The main conclusion was that the crisis of values emerging in Western societies leads to transform the religious phenomenon of non-migrants into something with a strong element of faith, social relations and symbols, while immigrants tend to express quite often their religiosity
Funerary ritual and commensality in the bronze age of South-Eastern Iberia: The Argar culture
En el presente trabajo se plantea el desarrollo de rituales de comensalidad asociados al ritual funerario argárico. Las evidencias arqueológicas de estos rituales estarían relacionadas por una parte con la producción de un conjunto normalizado de vasijas cerámicas asociadas con la presentación y consumo de alimentos y bebidas, y en donde destacan sus propiedades visuales relacionadas con prácticas sociales de exhibición y escenificación. Por otra parte, la aparición de restos faunísticos en las sepulturas argáricas supone que, como parte de ritual, se procedió al sacrificio de bóvidos u ovicápridos, fundamentalmente en edades jóvenes de los que una parte, los extremos distales, fueron introducidos en las tumbas. El resto de la especie o especies sacrificadas, en un momento óptimo para su consumo, serían consumidas como parte de los rituales de comensalidad. El acceso socialmente diferenciado a estas prácticas comensales contribuiría a la creación de un sentido de comunidad al tiempo que se escenifican y naturalizan unas relaciones sociales claramente desiguales.In this paper we will explore the relationship between commensality and the funerary ritual of the Argaric culture. Evidences of feasting can be related to two main archaeological domains; firstly, the production of special ritual pottery vessels with a high degree of standardization linked to the presentation and consumption of food and drink. In these vessels the visual and display properties have been clearly emphasised, which probably means their performance in social practises based on display and dramatization. Secondly, the appearance of faunal remains, as part of the funerary ritual, implies the slaughter of cattle and ovicaprids mainly in young ages, the ideal moment to be consumed. The eating of these species would be part of ritual feasting, with the exception of the legs of these animals that were introduced in the burial as grave goods. The clearly differential social access to these commensal practices would involve not only the construction of a strong sense of community but principally the naturalization of unequal social relationship