A música no ambiente educacional e suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento infantil

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Desde os primeiros registros da humanidade já vemos a música como parte importante e integrante da sociedade, isso porque ela está presente nas mais diversas manifestações humanas, como hino nacional, cultos religiosos, hinos de times de futebol, comemorações de aniversário, entre outros. Somos, por essência, seres musicais, fazemos música antes mesmo de falar e somos, diretamente, influenciados pelos sons. Por isso compreendemos a importância da criança crescer em um ambiente musical e a escola é um dos lugares onde isso deve acontecer. Pensando nestes pontos, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar como a música inserida no ambiente educacional pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento infantil, refletindo sobre seus efeitos e benefícios para o aprendizado da criança no processo de escolarização, bem como investigando possibilidades de inseri-la no ambiente escolar. Assim, iniciamos com um memorial da autora de forma a refletir sobre o percurso histórico das mesmas, incluindo suas experiências musicais. Além disso, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica, sobre a temática, selecionando artigos científicos publicados entre 2017 a 2021 na base de dados do “google acadêmico” com os termos “música”, “desenvolvimento” e “escola”. O desenvolvimento é algo que acontece durante toda nossa vida; contudo, a infância é o período em que isto ocorre com maior intensidade, então, torna-se fundamental para o desenvolvimento da criança a oferta de experiências lúdicas e prazerosas, como a música. Outro ponto que merece destaque é que a música tem forte influência em nosso cérebro, afetando-o diretamente e mexendo com muitas de suas áreas. Apesar da implementação de leis como a 11.769/2008 que trouxe a obrigatoriedade da música para a escola, o que temos visto é a música ocupando lugar de entreternimento e passatempo na educação, fazendo com que seus inúmeros benefícios sejam perdidos ou pouco aproveitados. Para que a escola utilize a música e todas suas potencialidades, precisamos trabalhar alguns empecilhos que têm nos atrapalhado de levar essa linguagem para as crianças: desapropriação da música, músicos profissionais versus ouvintes e pouca formação na área. Por fim, apresentamos algumas ideias de atividades musicais para fazer com as crianças na escola, estimulando esta prática em seu cotidiano. Concluímos a pesquisa pontuando o quanto a música faz diferença no desenvolvimento infantil e, por esse motivo, incentivamos sua prática pela escola

A arte, o urbano e o social: um espaço de provocação

Este artigo tem como objetivo propor considerações sobre os novos espaços ocupados pela arte e como essa pode interferir no espaço comum, no espaço urbano, criando uma rede de significações e reestruturando relações no meio urbano. A reorganização da sociedade contemporânea engloba também a reorganização dos espaços da arte, para exemplificar tais intervenções buscou-se destacar a obra de dois artistas que trabalham exclusivamente no espaço urbano, Jenny Holzer e Rafael Lozzano-Hemer. Diante de tais considerações busca-se visualizar como a arte comporta-se inserida no espaço das cidades, bem como inquirir outros arranjos de composições e fazeres que provoquem intensidades do viver.Palavras-chave: Arte; Urbano; Intervenção

Interaction with Penicillium expansum enhances Botrytis cinerea growth in grape juice medium and prevents patulin accumulation in vitro

Interactions between fungi occur when they grow on the same host plant. This is the case of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum on grape. P. expansum is also responsible for production of the mycotoxin patulin. In this study, the influence of the interaction between both fungi on fungal growth parameters was studied as well as the effect on the accumulation of patulin by P. expansum. For that purpose, spores of B. cinerea and P. expansum were inoculated together (mixed inoculum), and the parameters growth rate, time for growth and patulin accumulation were assessed. The presence of P. expansum conidia shortened the time for growth of mixed inoculum colonies which, at the end of incubation, were B. cinerea-like. Although some P. expansum growth was observed in mixed inoculum colonies, very low levels of patulin were observed. In assays carried out in patulin-spiked medium, B. cinerea was capable to metabolize the mycotoxin. The capabilities of B. cinerea to shorten time for growth and prevent patulin accumulation are competing abilities that facilitate grape colonization. Significance and Impact of the Study: To our knowledge, this is the first study on the influence of fungal interactions between Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum on growth parameters and patulin accumulation. The incidence of P. expansum in some wine regions is high, but the attack of this fungus to vineyards is rare, being B. cinerea the most common disease. In this assay, it was observed that, in vitro, the presence of P. expansum spores enhanced B. cinerea growth, while the latter avoided patulin accumulation.H. Morales is grateful to the Portuguese Government. (Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior; FCT Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia. Grant ref. SFRH/BPD/38011/2007)

Maladie vésiculeuse du Porc

Guerche J., Delagneau J. F., Adamowicz Ph., Durand Maurice P., Prunet Patrick. Maladie vésiculeuse du porc. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 126 n°9, 1973. pp. 385-388

Annual post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) report on the cultivation of genetically modified maize MON 810 in 2014 from Monsanto Europe S.A.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the European Food Safety Authority (GMO Panel) assessed the annual post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) report for the 2014 growing season of maize MON 810 provided by Monsanto Europe S.A. The GMO Panel concludes that the insect resistance monitoring data do not indicate a decrease in susceptibility of field Iberian populations of corn borers to the Cry1Ab protein over the 2014 season. However, as the methodology for insect resistance monitoring remained unchanged compared to previous PMEM reports, the GMO Panel reiterates its previous recommendations for improvement of the insect resistance management plan. The GMO Panel considers that the farmer alert system to report complaints regarding product performance could complement the information obtained from the laboratory bioassays, but encourages the consent holder to provide more information in order to be in a position to appraise its usefulness. The data on general surveillance activities do not indicate any unanticipated adverse effects on human and animal health or the environment arising from the cultivation of maize MON 810 cultivation in 2014. The GMO Panel reiterates its previous recommendations to improve the methodology for the analysis of farmer questionnaires and conduct of the literature review in future annual PMEM reports on maize MON 810. The GMO Panel urges the consent holder to consider how to make best use of the information recorded in national registers to optimise sampling for farmer questionnaires, and requests to continue reviewing and discussing relevant scientific publications on possible adverse effects of maize MON 810 on rove beetles. Also, the GMO Panel encourages relevant parties to continue developing a methodological framework to use existing networks in the broader context of environmental monitorin

Risk assessment of new sequencing data on GM maize event MIR604

In 2009 and 2010, the EFSA GMO Panel concluded the assessment of genetically modified (GM) maizes MIR604, MIR604 × GA21, MIR604 × Bt11 and MIR604 × GA21 × Bt11. These maizes were found to be as safe as their conventional counterparts and other appropriate comparators with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment. On 23 July 2015, the European Commission (EC) received from Syngenta new nucleic acid sequencing data on maize event MIR604 and updated bioinformatic analyses using the new sequencing data. EC tasked EFSA to analyse these data and to indicate whether the previous conclusions of the EFSA GMO Panel on the above-listed GM maizes remain valid. The EFSA GMO Panel used the appropriate principles described in its guidelines for the risk assessment of GM plants to analyse the received data. The new sequencing data indicated a single base pair difference compared to the sequencing data originally provided, located in a non-coding region of the insert. which had already been present in the original plant material used for the risk assessment. Thus, with the exception of bioinformatics analyses, the studies performed for the risk assessment remain valid. The new sequencing data and the bioinformatic analyses performed on the new sequence did not give rise to safety issues. Therefore, the GMO Panel concludes that the original risk assessment of event MIR604 as a single and as a part of stacked events remains valid

Applicability of the EFSA Opinion on site-directed nucleases type 3 for the safety assessment of plants developed using site-directed nucleases type 1 and 2 and oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis

© 2020 European Food Safety Authority.The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) to assess whether section 4 (hazard identification) and the conclusions of EFSA's Scientific opinion on the risk assessment of plants developed using zinc finger nuclease type 3 technique (ZFN‐3) and other site‐directed nucleases (SDN) with similar function are valid for plants developed via SDN‐1, SDN‐2 and oligonucleotide‐directed mutagenesis (ODM). In delivering this Opinion, the GMO Panel compared the hazards associated with plants produced via SDN‐1, SDN‐2 and ODM with those associated with plants obtained via both SDN‐3 and conventional breeding. Unlike for SDN‐3 methods, the application of SDN‐1, SDN‐2 and ODM approaches aims to modify genomic sequences in a way which can result in plants not containing any transgene, intragene or cisgene. Consequently, the GMO Panel concludes that those considerations which are specifically related to the presence of a transgene, intragene or cisgene included in section 4 and the conclusions of the Opinion on SDN‐3 are not relevant to plants obtained via SDN‐1, SDN‐2 or ODM as defined in this Opinion. Overall, the GMO Panel did not identify new hazards specifically linked to the genomic modification produced via SDN‐1, SDN‐2 or ODM as compared with both SDN‐3 and conventional breeding. Furthermore, the GMO Panel considers that the existing Guidance for risk assessment of food and feed from genetically modified plants and the Guidance on the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants are sufficient but are only partially applicable to plants generated via SDN‐1, SDN‐2 or ODM. Indeed, those guidance documents’ requirements that are linked to the presence of exogenous DNA are not relevant for the risk assessment of plants developed via SDN‐1, SDN‐2 or ODM approaches if the genome of the final product does not contain exogenous DNA

Assessment of genetically modified maize MON 88017 for renewal authorisation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA‐GMO‐RX‐014)

Following the submission of application EFSA‐GMO‐RX‐014 under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto Company the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the European Food Safety Authority was asked to deliver a scientific risk assessment on the data submitted in the context of the renewal of authorisation application for the insect‐resistant and herbicide‐tolerant genetically modified maize MON 88017, for food and feed uses, excluding cultivation within the EU. The data received in the context of this renewal application contained post‐market environmental monitoring reports, a systematic search and evaluation of literature, updated bioinformatic analyses, and additional documents or studies performed by or on behalf of the applicant. The GMO Panel assessed these data for possible new hazards, modified exposure or new scientific uncertainties identified during the authorisation period and not previously assessed in the context of the original application. Under the assumption that the DNA sequence of the event in maize MON 88017 considered for renewal is identical to the sequence of the originally assessed event, the GMO Panel concludes that there is no evidence in renewal application EFSA‐GMO‐RX‐014 for new hazards, modified exposure or scientific uncertainties that would change the conclusions of the original risk assessment on maize MON 88017