Some Effects of Copper Sulfate, Copper Oxide and 4-Nitrophenylarsonic Acid on Aortic Rupture and Growth of Turkeys

Previous studies have shown that adding copper, as copper sulfate, to raise the copper level to 120 ppm in low and high protein diets resulted in Increased weight gains and reduced incidence of aortic ruptures. Without copper additives the diets contain 8 to 12 ppm Cu. In all previous studies, 4-nitrophenylarsonic acid was used as a blackhead preventative. It is acknowledged that 4-nitro depressed growth. Also sulfate ions, from various sources, have shown a sparing effect on the sulfur amino acids, thereby promoting growth. These facts raised several questions. Does the added copper promote growth by suppressing toxicity of 4-nitro or by adding sulfate ions to the diet? Also, does the added copper increase the amount of copper stored in the liver

Turkey Performance as Influenced by Egg Dipping

This experiment has not been completed. The data shown were obtained at 12 weeks. Eggs from a breeder flock with a known history of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection were dipped in a solution containing a combination of 2800 ppm Tylan and 2000 ppm Neomycin before incubation. The eggs were first dipped in warm water (98°F) for 5 minutes and then into the cold (38°F) antibiotic solution for 10 minutes. Batches of 50 eggs increased in weight 6 to 18 grams from this treatment, thus showing an average uptake of 0.68 mcg of tylosin and 0.49 mcg of Neomycin of the eggs were 3 weeks old when set and the balance 1 week. Therefore, the old and young eggs were set separately. Results would indicate that the age of the eggs and dipping affected 7-day fertility and hatchability. Last year the eggs were dipped using a vacuum method

Some Effects of Copper and High and Low Protein Diets on Aortic Rupture and Growth of Turkets

In other studies using high and low protein diets for growing turkeys, aortic ruptures frequently caused high death losses, particularly among the large type males. Inadequate elastin formation and the resulting lack of strength and elastic ity may be contributing factors in aortic failures. The aortic rupture usually occurs in the lower portion of the artery located between the kidneys. Copper and lysine are both involved in elastin synthesis

Comparisons of a Midget vs. a Standard Sized Strain of Laying Hens

Two new strains, one standard sized and the other approximately 70% as large, were acquired and tested for performance. The chicks were grown in floor pens to 20 weeks of age on standard growing diets and then placed in 12- and 16-inch layer cages. The hens were placed in cages at normal and high density, i.e., 3 or 4 hens per 12-inch cage and 4 or 5 hens per 16-inch cage. All were fed the same diet, 16% crude protein and 2900 Gal. M.E. The test lasted 10 months

Preotein-Energy Levels and Least Laying Diets

Hens eat to satisfy their energy requirements and for this reason a pro per balance between protein and energy is necessary to achieve optimum use of feed. These concepts, applied to practical feed formulation, have tended to promote high density, high efficiency diets. A study just completed involving protein-energy relationships and least costing techniques indicate that the most efficient feed conversion is not always the most economical method of production

Dietary Protein, Fat and Copper Levels and Its Effect on Fat Composition of Turkeys

Reports suggesting a relationship between diet and blood cholesterol levels have caused people to become more concerned about the type of fat in their diets. However, there is little conclusive evidence that high blood cholesterol is indeed a major cause of heart attacks in this country. Previous work at this station has indicated that the diet has a great effect on the type of body fat in birds and that what already is highly unsaturated can be readily made still further unsaturated

Dietary Protein and Copper Levels and Its Effect on Fat Composition of Turkeys

Recent studies at many experiment stations have caused people to become concerned about the type of fat in their diets. Experiments tend to show that highly saturated fats are more cholesterol forming and therefore, a major cause of heart attacks in this county. Previous work at this station has indicated that diet has a great effect on the type of body fat in birds

Silver Lake Limnological Survey, 2004

During the spring, summer and fall of 2004, a limnological survey of Silver Lake was conducted. The purpose of the survey was to update the status of Silver Lake. Some of the questions being asked were as follows. Was the lake highly productive? Were the bottom layers of the lake devoid of oxygen? Was phosphorus being released from the sediments into the water column? Were there algal blooms? What might be the cause of them? Were there blue-green algae present? Were algal toxins present? When? Monitoring was designed to take samples only during the summer period with depth to minimize cost. We decided to sample an extra week in the fall because of the blue-green algae bloom that was observed during September of 2004