Математическое моделирование плавления массивных ледяных структур применительно к роботизированным аппаратам глубинного бурения

Математическое моделирование процессов тепло- и массопереноса, протекающих совместно, в условиях плавления больших массивов льда при движении криобота под действием силы тяжести. В работе варьировались параметры криобота, а также температура льда. По результатам численного моделирования было установлено значительное охлаждение поверхности криобота. Последнее связано с высоким эндотермическим эффектом таяния льда.The mathematical modeling results of the simultaneous processes of heat and mass transfer under the conditions of intense phase changes (melting of ice) during the movement of cryobot have been given. The cryobot parameters and ice temperature varied in the work. According to the results of the numerical simulation, considerable cooling of the cryobot sheath has been established. The latter is due to the high endothermic effect of melting ic

Position Paper on Olfactory Dysfunction

Background: Olfactory dysfunction is an increasingly recognised condition, associated with reduced quality of life and major health outcomes such as neurodegeneration and death. However, translational research in this field is limited by heterogeneity in methodological approach, including definitions of impairment, improvement and appropriate assessment techniques. Accordingly, effective treatments are limited. In an effort to encourage high quality and comparable work in this field, among others, we propose the following ideas and recommendations. Whilst full recommendations are outlined in the main document, key points include: -Patients with suspected olfactory loss should undergo a full examination of the head and neck, including rigid nasal endoscopy. -Subjective olfactory assessment should not be undertaken in isolation, given its poor reliability. -Psychophysical assessment tools used in clinical and research settings should include reliable and validated tests of odour threshold, and/or one of odour identification or discrimination. -Comprehensive chemosensory assessment should include gustatory screening. -Smell training can be helpful in patients with olfactory loss of several aetiologies. Conclusions: We hope the current manuscript will encourage clinicians and researchers to adopt a common language, and in so doing, increase the methodological quality, consistency and generalisability of work in this field