Reduction of postendodontic pain after one‑visit root canal treatment using three irrigating regimens with different temperature

Objective: The aim of this clinical trial was to assess whether controlled irrigation with three different irrigation regimens with different temperature would result in reduction of post‑endodontic pain after one‑visit root canal treatment (RCT).Materials and Methods: A total of 240 (129 females and 111 male) aged 18 –65 years were referred and integrated in this clinical trial, All patients presented with a vital maxillary or mandibular molar, premolar or front teeth designated for conventional root canal treatment for prosthetic  reasons detected with only vital pulps. All canals were cleaned and shaped with Reciproc instruments, and were used with a micro motor (VDW, Munich Germany). Final irrigation was done with cold (4°C, 2.5°C, and room temperature) 17% EDTA and 10 mL of cold saline solution.Results: A total of 240 of 279 patients (129 females and 111 male) aged 18 – 65 years were referred and integrated in this clinical trial, whereas 29 were rejected as not completing the requirements needed. All patients presented with a vital maxillary or mandibular molar, premolar, or front teeth designated for intentional endodontic RCT for prosthetic reasons. No statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) among the groups was found regarding degree or duration of pain. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) among the 4oC and 2.5oC groups.Conclusion: The approach in both selecting the patients participating in the study and analyzing the data in this randomized clinical trial allows us to conclude that cryotherapy is an aid of clinical procedures to clean and shape the canals to reduce the occurrence of postendodontic pain and the need for medication in patients presenting with a diagnosis of vital pulp.Keywords: Apical healing, flare ups, pain, postendodontic pain,  postoperative pai

Meropenem monotherapy is as effective as and safer than imipenem to treat brain abscesses

International audienceThe efficacy of carbapenems versus cefotaxime (8g/day)+metronidazole (1.5–2g/day) [combined standard chemotherapy (CSC)] for the treatment of brain abscess was compared. Fifty-nine adult patients with brain abscesses received either imipenem or meropenem (3–4g/day) or CSC for a mean of 5 weeks, in addition to neurosurgery in most cases. Cure was obtained in 84.7% of cases; 42/47 (89.4%) on carbapenems [18/22 (81.8%) on imipenem versus 24/25 (96.0%) on meropenem] and 8/12 (66.7%) on CSC (=0.06). Seven patients with multiple abscesses were treated with imipenem (1 died; cure rate 85.7%), five with meropenem (all survived; cure rate 100%) and five with CSC (2 died; cure rate 60%) (<0.4). Neurosurgery was performed in 43/59 cases (72.9%); 17 (77.3%) in the imipenem group, 21 (84.0%) in the meropenem group and 5 (41.7%) in the CSC group (=0.02). There was no significant difference in the rate of relapse requiring re-intervention. Treatment with meropenem was associated with a lower mortality than CSC (=0.026). Seizures were observed only with carbapenems [8/22 (36.4%) for imipenem versus 2/25 (8.0%) for meropenem; =0.03(. Carbapenems were more effective than CSC for treatment of brain abscesses. Because meropenem induced significantly fewer seizures than imipenem with at least the same clinical efficacy, the former appears to be a better choice to treat this infection

Size characterization of airborne SiO2 nanoparticles with on-line and off-line measurement techniques: Results of an interlaboratory comparison

Day after day, new applications using manufactured nanoparticles appear in industry. To evaluate the occupational risk associated with airborne nanoparticles, it is important to have reliable, accurate, and standardized measurement methods. It is therefore necessary to work on pre- standardization projects to develop reference methods to characterize different parameters such as the number and the size distribution of airborne nanoparticles

Potential parasitic infections transmitted by seafood in ancient populations from Patagonia

Several foodborne diseases have been described in coastal populations from the past, many of them including parasitic infections related to marine diets. Considering this background, the strong relationship between hunter-gatherers from Patagonia and the marine species implies a possible source of parasitic infections and zoonotic risk. However, marine parasitic species have not been identified in archaeological sites from Patagonia so far. The aim of this paper is to propose the potential parasitic infections produced by the consumption of marine molluscs, fishes, birds and sea mammals by human populations from Patagonia during the Holocene, considering the current parasitic species identified in the Southern Atlantic Ocean. We searched in journal articles and book chapters for references of archaeological remains of molluscs, fishes, seabirds and marine mammals recorded in archaeological sites from the Atlantic coast below the 42nd parallel South. Afterwards, we surveyed all the macroparasites of marine origin identified by current parasitological research in the same species found in the archaeological record. We found that most of the marine species in the zooarchaeological record of Patagonia are currently hosts of many parasites. Some species of molluscs, fishes and pinnipeds are highly infected by larvae that are potentially hazardous for human health. Some of them are responsible for acute or chronic zoonotic diseases, with severe consequences depending on how the food was cooked, the amount of consumed parasites and the immune response of the host, in this case, humans. Fishes are host of several parasites related to anisakidosis and corynosomiasis. Sea lions species were also a potential source of the same zoonosis but also diphyllobothriasis. Molluscs are hosts of several parasitic species, but with less severe consequences for human health. On the other hand, birds are infected by adult parasites, without direct zoonotic importance. These findings, although limited by temporal and environmental variability, can provide a speculative overview about the potential influence of marine diets in the health of past hunter-gatherers of Patagonia, particularly if fishes, molluscs or marine mammals were consumed inadequately cooked.Fil: Alarcos, Ana Julia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Suby, Jorge Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentin