85 research outputs found
Message Passing-Based Joint User Activity Detection and Channel Estimation for Temporally-Correlated Massive Access
This paper studies the user activity detection and channel estimation problem
in a temporally-correlated massive access system where a very large number of
users communicate with a base station sporadically and each user once activated
can transmit with a large probability over multiple consecutive frames. We
formulate the problem as a dynamic compressed sensing (DCS) problem to exploit
both the sparsity and the temporal correlation of user activity. By leveraging
the hybrid generalized approximate message passing (HyGAMP) framework, we
design a computationally efficient algorithm, HyGAMP-DCS, to solve this
problem. In contrast to only exploit the historical estimations, the proposed
algorithm performs bidirectional message passing between the neighboring frames
for activity likelihood update to fully exploit the temporally-correlated user
activities. Furthermore, we develop an expectation maximization HyGAMP-DCS
(EM-HyGAMP-DCS) algorithm to adaptively learn the hyperparameters during the
estimation procedure when the system statistics are unknown. In particular, we
propose to utilize the analysis tool of state evolution to find the appropriate
hyperparameter initialization of EM-HyGAMP-DCS. Simulation results demonstrate
that our proposed algorithms can significantly improve the user activity
detection accuracy and reduce the channel estimation error.Comment: 31 pages, 14 figures, minor revisio
Cooperative Multi-Cell Massive Access with Temporally Correlated Activity
This paper investigates the problem of activity detection and channel
estimation in cooperative multi-cell massive access systems with temporally
correlated activity, where all access points (APs) are connected to a central
unit via fronthaul links. We propose to perform user-centric AP cooperation for
computation burden alleviation and introduce a generalized sliding-window
detection strategy for fully exploiting the temporal correlation in activity.
By establishing the probabilistic model associated with the factor graph
representation, we propose a scalable Dynamic Compressed Sensing-based Multiple
Measurement Vector Generalized Approximate Message Passing (DCS-MMV-GAMP)
algorithm from the perspective of Bayesian inference. Therein, the activity
likelihood is refined by performing standard message passing among the
activities in the spatial-temporal domain and GAMP is employed for efficient
channel estimation. Furthermore, we develop two schemes of quantize-and-forward
(QF) and detect-and-forward (DF) based on DCS-MMV-GAMP for the
finite-fronthaul-capacity scenario, which are extensively evaluated under
various system limits. Numerical results verify the significant superiority of
the proposed approach over the benchmarks. Moreover, it is revealed that QF can
usually realize superior performance when the antenna number is small, whereas
DF shifts to be preferable with limited fronthaul capacity if the large-scale
antenna arrays are equipped.Comment: 16 pages, 17 figures, minor revisio
A Reliability-Based Network Equilibrium Model with Adaptive Risk-Averse Travelers
In this paper, route free-flow travel time is taken as the lower bound of route travel time to examine its impacts on budget time and reliability for degradable transportation networks. A truncated probability density distribution with respect to route travel time is proposed and the corresponding travel time budget (TTB) model is derived. The budget time and reliability are compared between TTB models with and without truncated travel time distribution. Under truncated travel time distribution, the risk-averse levels of travelers are adaptive, which are affected by the characteristics of the used routes besides the confidence level of travelers. Then, a TTB-based stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) is developed to model travelers’ route choice behavior. Moreover, its equivalent variational inequality (VI) problem is formulated and a route-based algorithm is used to solve the proposed model. Numerical results indicate that route travel time boundary produces a great influence on decision cost and route choice behavior of travelers.
Document type: Articl
Abundance of kinless hubs within soil microbial networks are associated with high functional potential in agricultural ecosystems
Microbial taxa within complex ecological networks can be classified by their universal roles based on their level of connectivity with other taxa. Highly connected taxa within an ecological network (kinless hubs) are theoretically expected to support higher levels of ecosystem functions than less connected taxa (peripherals). Empirical evidence of the role of kinless hubs in regulating the functional potential of soil microbial communities, however, is largely unexplored and poorly understood in agricultural ecosystems. Here, we built a correlation network of fungal and bacterial taxa using a large-scale survey consisting of 243 soil samples across functionally and economically important agricultural ecosystems (wheat and maize); and found that the relative abundance of taxa classified as kinless hubs within the ecological network are positively and significantly correlated with the abundance of functional genes including genes for C fixation, C degradation, C methanol, N cycling, P cycling and S cycling. Structural equation modeling of multiple soil properties further indicated that kinless hubs, but not provincial, connector or peripheral taxa, had direct significant and positive relationships with the abundance of multiple functional genes. Our findings provide novel evidence that the relative abundance of soil taxa classified as kinless hubs within microbial networks are associated with high functional potential, with implications for understanding and managing (through manipulating microbial key species) agricultural ecosystems at a large spatial scale
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Enhanced Delivery of Rituximab Into Brain and Lymph Nodes Using Timed-Release Nanocapsules in Non-Human Primates.
Tumor metastasis into the central nervous system (CNS) and lymph nodes (LNs) is a major obstacle for effective therapies. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have revolutionized tumor treatment; however, their efficacy for treating metastatic tumors-particularly, CNS and LN metastases-is poor due to inefficient penetration into the CNS and LNs following intravenous injection. We recently reported an effective delivery of mAb to the CNS by encapsulating the anti-CD20 mAb rituximab (RTX) within a thin shell of polymer that contains the analogs of choline and acetylcholine receptors. This encapsulated RTX, denoted as n-RTX, eliminated lymphoma cells systemically in a xenografted humanized mouse model using an immunodeficient mouse as a recipient of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and fetal thymus more effectively than native RTX; importantly, n-RTX showed notable anti-tumor effect on CNS metastases which is unable to show by native RTX. As an important step toward future clinical translation of this technology, we further analyzed the properties of n-RTX in immunocompetent animals, rats, and non-human primates (NHPs). Our results show that a single intravenous injection of n-RTX resulted in 10-fold greater levels in the CNS and 2-3-fold greater levels in the LNs of RTX, respectively, than the injection of native RTX in both rats and NHPs. In addition, we demonstrate the enhanced delivery and efficient B-cell depletion in lymphoid organs of NHPs with n-RTX. Moreover, detailed hematological analysis and liver enzyme activity tests indicate n-RTX treatment is safe in NHPs. As this nanocapsule platform can be universally applied to other therapeutic mAbs, it holds great promise for extending mAb therapy to poorly accessible body compartments
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Sustained delivery and molecular targeting of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody to metastases in the central nervous system of mice.
Approximately 15-40% of all cancers develop metastases in the central nervous system (CNS), yet few therapeutic options exist to treat them. Cancer therapies based on monoclonal antibodies are widely successful, yet have limited efficacy against CNS metastases, owing to the low levels of the drug reaching the tumour site. Here, we show that the encapsulation of rituximab within a crosslinked zwitterionic polymer layer leads to the sustained release of rituximab as the crosslinkers are gradually hydrolysed, enhancing the CNS levels of the antibody by approximately tenfold with respect to the administration of naked rituximab. When the nanocapsules were functionalized with CXCL13-the ligand for the chemokine receptor CXCR5, which is frequently found on B-cell lymphoma-a single dose led to improved control of CXCR5-expressing metastases in a murine xenograft model of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and eliminated lymphoma in a xenografted humanized bone marrow-liver-thymus mouse model. Encapsulation and molecular targeting of therapeutic antibodies could become an option for the treatment of cancers with CNS metastases
GW25-e4292 Systematic analysis of the clinical and biochemical characteristics of maternally inherited hypertension in Chinese Han families associated with mitochondrial genome mutations
An Approach for Identifying Cytokines Based on a Novel Ensemble Classifier
Copyright 2013 Quan Zou et al. his is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Copy Number Variation of Immune-Related Genes and Their Association with Iodine in Adults with Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
Background. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are complex conditions that are caused by an interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers. Iodine is already known to be an environmental trigger for AITD, but genes associated with susceptibility need to be further assessed. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the association between copy number variations (CNVs) and AITD, to identify genes related with susceptibility to AITD, and to investigate the interaction between iodine status and CNVs in the occurrence of AITD. Methods. Blood samples from 15 patients with AITD and 15 controls were assessed by chromosome microarray to identify candidate genes. The copy number of candidate genes and urinary iodine level was determined in adults from areas of different iodine statuses including 158 patients and 181 controls. Results. The immune-related genes, SIRPB1 and TMEM91, were selected as candidate genes. The distribution of SIRPB1 CNV in AITD patients and controls was significantly different and was considered a risk factor for AITD. There was no significant association between urinary iodine level and candidate gene CNVs. Conclusion. SIRPB1 CNV and an excess of iodine were risk factors for AITD, but an association with the occurrence of AITD was not found
Genome-wide association study on serum alkaline phosphatase levels in a Chinese population
Background: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a complex phenotype influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Recent Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified several loci affecting ALP levels; however, such studies in Chinese populations are limited. We performed a GWAS analyzing the association between 658,288 autosomal SNPs and serum ALP in 1,461 subjects, and replicated the top SNPs in an additional 8,830 healthy Chinese Han individuals. The interactions between significant locus and environmental factors on serum ALP levels were further investigated. Results: The association between ABO locus and serum ALP levels was replicated (P = 2.50 × 10-21, 1.12 × 10-56 and 2.82 × 10-27 for SNP rs8176720, rs651007 and rs7025162 on ABO locus, respectively). SNP rs651007 accounted for 2.15% of the total variance of serum ALP levels independently of the other 2 SNPs. When comparing our findings with previously published studies, ethnic differences were observed across populations. A significant interaction between ABO rs651007 and overweight and obesity was observed (FDR for interaction was 0.036); for individuals with GG genotype, those with normal weight and those who were overweight or obese have similar serum ALP concentrations; minor allele A of rs651007 remarkably reduced serum ALP levels, but this effect was attenuated in overweight and obese individuals. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ABO locus is a major determinant for serum ALP levels in Chinese Han population. Overweight and obesity modifies the effect of ABO locus on serum ALP concentrations
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