Revisiting a Common Measure of Child Postoperative Recovery: Development of the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS)

Background The Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ) was designed for assessing children\u27s posthospitalization and postoperative new‐onset behavioral changes. However, the psychometric properties of the scale have not been re‐evaluated in the past five decades despite substantial changes in the practice of surgery and anesthesia. In this investigation, we examined the psychometric properties of the PHBQ to potentially increase the efficacy and relevance of the instrument in current perioperative settings. Method This study used principal components analysis, a panel of experts, Cronbach\u27s alpha, and correlations to examine the current subscale structure of the PHBQ and eliminate items to create the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ‐AS). Data from previous investigations (N = 1064, Mage = 5.88) which utilized the PHBQ were combined for the purposes of this paper. Results A principal components analysis revealed that the original subscale structure of the PHBQ could not be replicated. Subsequently, a battery reduction, which utilized principal components analysis and a panel of experts, was used to eliminate the subscale structure of the scale and reduce the number of items from 27 to 11, creating the PHBQ‐AS. The PHBQ‐AS demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity with another measure of children\u27s psychosocial and physical functioning. Conclusion Revising the former subscale structure and reducing the number of items in the PHBQ to create the PHBQ‐AS may provide a means for reducing the burden of postoperative behavioral assessment through decreasing time of administration and eliminating redundancy of items and allow for more accurate measurement of child postoperative behavioral changes

On the Bohr inequality

The Bohr inequality, first introduced by Harald Bohr in 1914, deals with finding the largest radius $r$, $0<r<1$, such that $\sum_{n=0}^\infty |a_n|r^n \leq 1$ holds whenever $|\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_nz^n|\leq 1$ in the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ of the complex plane. The exact value of this largest radius, known as the \emph{Bohr radius}, has been established to be $1/3.$ This paper surveys recent advances and generalizations on the Bohr inequality. It discusses the Bohr radius for certain power series in $\mathbb{D},$ as well as for analytic functions from $\mathbb{D}$ into particular domains. These domains include the punctured unit disk, the exterior of the closed unit disk, and concave wedge-domains. The analogous Bohr radius is also studied for harmonic and starlike logharmonic mappings in $\mathbb{D}.$ The Bohr phenomenon which is described in terms of the Euclidean distance is further investigated using the spherical chordal metric and the hyperbolic metric. The exposition concludes with a discussion on the $n$-dimensional Bohr radius

La selva inundable de canacoite en Tabasco, México, una comunidad vegetal amenazada

The structure, composition and diversity of the floodplain forest (SMPC) of Bravaisia integerrima were studied in the two largest forest stands in Tabasco, Mexico: the Ecological Reserve Yu-Balcah (YCAH) with 271 ha, and State Park La Chontalpa (PECH) with 191 ha. In each forest stand 10 plots of 1000 m2 were sampled. Tree individuals sampled were identified to species, and evaluated in three age categories, seedlings, saplings, and adults. The relationship between species richness and sampling effort was analyzed using Chao 2, ICE, Jacknife 1, Jacknife 2 and Bootstrap. The structural analysis was based on the importance value index. The diversity of species was evaluated, using the Margalef index (DMg), α de Fisher, Shannon-Wiener (H') and equity of Pielou J. The dominance indices of Berger-Parker (d) and Simpson (D) were also used. The total number of species was 76, belonging to 64 genera and 33 botanical families. The richest family was Leguminosae with 15 species. The basal area of the sites YCAH and PECH was 37.2 and 29.5 m2ha-1, respectively. Bravaisia integerrima was the most important tree species in all stands, with an Importance Index of 277. The value of the Shannon index was 2.0 in both sites. YCAH showed the best ecological condition. Six species present in the stands are considered as threatened in Mexico (NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010). The current extent of the floodplain forest of Bravaisia in Tabasco State is 490 ha. The results suggest that the structure and composition of this forest has been affected by human activity. As a consequence, to guarantee the conservation of these remnants of SMPC in Tabasco, it is important to verify their legal situation and the application of management plans, designed to improve the productive activities of the rural communities that live around the stands. To succeed in this endeavor, it is necessary that governmental actors, academics, non-governmental organizations, and civil society work together.Se analizó la estructura, composición y diversidad arbórea de los dos rodales más importantes de selva mediana perennifolia de Bravaisia integerrima (SMPC) de Tabasco, México: el de la Reserva Ecológica Yu-Balcah (YCAH) con una superficie de 271 ha y el del Parque Estatal La Chontalpa (PECH) con 191 ha. En cada uno se levantaron 10 parcelas de muestreo de 1000 m2, cubriendo un área total de 2 ha. Se identificó y registró a las plantas arbóreas, diferenciando brinzales, plantas juveniles y adultos. Se aplicaron diversos índices para analizar el esfuerzo de muestreo, la diversidad de especies, la abundancia proporcional, la dominancia y la equidad. El análisis estructural se basó en el valor de importancia. La riqueza total fue 76 especies, pertenecientes a 64 géneros y 31 familias botánicas, de las que la mejor representada fue Leguminosae con 15 especies. El área basal de YCAH y PECH fue de 37.2 y 29.5 m2ha-1, respectivamente. Bravaisia integerrima fue el árbol con mayor valor de importancia en los dos rodales con un Índice correspondiente de 277. Ambos fragmentos tienen un valor del índice de Shannon de 2.0. El sitio con mejor condición ecológica fue YCAH. Se identificaron seis especies catalogadas en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. La SMPC presenta una cobertura actual en Tabasco de 490 ha. Los resultados sugieren que su estructura y composición se han visto afectados por la actividad antrópica en la región. Para garantizar la conservación de los remanentes de SMPC en el estado, es importante revisar y actualizar su situación legal y sus planes de manejo, así como generar alternativas sociales y productivas en las poblaciones cercanas. Para lograrlo se requiere de la participación de actores gubernamentales, académicos, organizaciones no gubernamentales, particulares y sociedad en conjunto

Aromaticity in cyanuric acid

This study analyzes the aromatic nature of cyanuric acid (hexahydrotriazine) and some of its derivatives, in terms of aromatic stabilization energy (ASE) and electronic behavior. The simplest molecule (C3N3O3H3) is the most aromatic item out of the entire set, but some of the others also display aromatic character. The structure of all the rings is analyzed considering their molecular orbitals as well as studying the inductive effect

Improving the Latin America and Caribbean Soil Information System (SISLAC) database enhances its usability and scalability.

Spatial soil databases can help model complex phenomena in which soils are a decisive factor – for example, evaluating agricultural potential or estimating carbon storage capacity. The Latin America and Caribbean Soil Information System, SISLAC, is a regional initiative promoted by the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) Latin America and the Caribbean Soil Partnership to contribute to sustainable management of soil. SISLAC includes data from 49 084 soil profiles distributed unevenly across the continent, making it the region’s largest soil database. In addition, there are other soil databases in the region with about 40 000 soil profiles that can be integrated into SISLAC and improve it. However, some problems hinder its usages, such as the quality of the data and their high dimensionality. The objective of this research is evaluate the quality of the SISLAC data and the other available soil databases to generate a new improved version that meets the minimum quality requirements to be used for different purposes or practical applications. The results show that 15 % of the existing soil profiles had an inaccurate description of the diagnostic horizons and 17 % of the additional profiles already existed in SISLAC; therefore, a total of 32 % of profiles were excluded for these two reasons. Further correction of an additional 4.5 % of existing inconsistencies improved overall data quality. The improved database consists of 66 746 profiles and is available for public use at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7876731 (Díaz-Guadarrama and Guevara, 2023). This revised version of SISLAC data offers the opportunity to generate information that helps decision-making on issues in which soils are a decisive factor. It can also be used to plan future soil surveys in areas with low density or where updated information is required

Water in the terrestrial planet-forming zone of the PDS 70 disk

Terrestrial and sub-Neptune planets are expected to form in the inner ($<10~$AU) regions of protoplanetary disks. Water plays a key role in their formation, although it is yet unclear whether water molecules are formed in-situ or transported from the outer disk. So far Spitzer Space Telescope observations have only provided water luminosity upper limits for dust-depleted inner disks, similar to PDS 70, the first system with direct confirmation of protoplanet presence. Here we report JWST observations of PDS 70, a benchmark target to search for water in a disk hosting a large ($\sim54~$AU) planet-carved gap separating an inner and outer disk. Our findings show water in the inner disk of PDS 70. This implies that potential terrestrial planets forming therein have access to a water reservoir. The column densities of water vapour suggest in-situ formation via a reaction sequence involving O, H$_2$, and/or OH, and survival through water self-shielding. This is also supported by the presence of CO$_2$ emission, another molecule sensitive to UV photodissociation. Dust shielding, and replenishment of both gas and small dust from the outer disk, may also play a role in sustaining the water reservoir. Our observations also reveal a strong variability of the mid-infrared spectral energy distribution, pointing to a change of inner disk geometry.Comment: To appear in Nature on 24 July 2023. 21 pages, 10 figures; includes extended data. Part of the JWST MINDS Guaranteed Time Observations program's science enabling products. Spectra downloadable on Zenodo at https://zenodo.org/record/799102

Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus colonization in healthy Venezuelan children

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. We investigated both the colonization and co-colonization characteristics for these pathogens among 250 healthy children from 2 to 5 years of age in Merida, Venezuela, in 2007. The prevalence of S. pneumoniae colonization, S. aureus colonization, and S. pneumoniae–S. aureus co-colonization was 28%, 56%, and 16%, respectively. Pneumococcal serotypes 6B (14%), 19F (12%), 23F (12%), 15 (9%), 6A (8%), 11 (8%), 23A (6%), and 34 (6%) were the most prevalent. Non-respiratory atopy was a risk factor for S. aureus colonization (p = 0.017). Vaccine serotypes were negatively associated with preceding respiratory infection (p = 0.02) and with S. aureus colonization (p = 0.03). We observed a high prevalence of pneumococcal resistance against trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (40%), erythromycin (38%), and penicillin (14%). Semi-quantitative measurement of pneumococcal colonization density showed that children with young siblings and low socioeconomic status were more densely colonized (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02, respectively). In contrast, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole- and multidrug-resistant-pneumococci colonized children sparsely (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). Our data form an important basis to monitor the future impact of pneumococcal vaccination on bacterial colonization, as well as to recommend a rationalized and restrictive antimicrobial use in our community