Fire protection for special buildings : exemplary illustration of an example of a project

Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Brandschutzthematik von Sonderbauten. Der bauliche Brandschutz, die technische Einrichtungen sowie die organisatorischen und die abwehrenden Maßnahmen werden vorgestellt. Des weiteren wird der Teilbereich „Entrauchung“ näher betrachtet. Es wird ein Entrauchungsbereich unter-sucht, wo u.a. die Luftmengen berechnet und eine Entrauchungssimulation mit diversen Brandszenarien dargestellt und erläutert werden. Zum Abschluss wird eine Zusammenfassung des Brandschutzes inkl. einer kritischen Betrachtung sowie einer persönliche Schlussfolgerung vorgestellt

Hydro­nium (3-oxo-1-phosphono-1,3-dihydro­isobenzofuran-1-yl)phospho­nate

In the title compound, H3O+·C8H7O8P2 −, the anions form inversion dimmers by way of pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the phospho­nic functions and via the hydro­nium cation. Further O—H⋯O links involving the hydronium cation play a prominant part in the cohesion of the crystal structure by building bridges between bis­phospho­nate pairs, forming infinite ribbons along the b-axis direction and by cross-linking these ribbons perpendicularly along the a-axis direction, forming an infinite three-dimensional hydrogen-bond network. The benzene ring and the C=O atoms of the furan ring are disordered over two sets of positions of equal occupancy

Benz­yl(meth­yl)phosphinic acid

The title compound, C8H11O2P, is a phosphinic compound with a tetra­coordinate penta­valent P atom. The phosphinic function plays a predominant role in the cohesion of the crystal structure, both by forming chains along the b axis via strong inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and by cross-linking these chains perpendicularly via weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a two-dimensional network parallel to (001)

Phosphonates as universal ligands for nanoparticle engineering.

International audienc

Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Nanocomposites

Lignin nanomaterials have emerged as a promising alternative to fossil-based chemicals and products for some potential added-value applications, which benefits from their structural diversity and biodegradability. This review elucidates a perspective in recent research on nanolignins and their nanocomposites. It summarizes the different nanolignin preparation methods, emphasizing anti-solvent precipitation, self-assembly and interfacial crosslinking. Also described are the preparation of various nanocomposites by the chemical modification of nanolignin and compounds with inorganic materials or polymers. Additionally, advances in numerous potential high-value applications, such as use in food packaging, biomedical, chemical engineering and biorefineries, are described

Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of ω-Alkylenediphosphoric Acids from Phosphorus Oxychloride

The aim of this investigation was to develop an efficient, rapid, and selective method for the synthesis of ω-alkylenediphosphoric acids (HO)2(O)P-O-CH2n-O-P(O)(OH)2 from reaction of several diols with phosphorus oxychloride. The reaction was investigated using three methodologies: (i) presence of a base, (ii) classical heating, and (iii) use of microwave irradiation. Influence of reaction temperature and molar ratio of reagents, as well as the nature of the solvent, was studied using these three different methods

Silk Bionanocomposites for Organic Dye Absorption and Degradation

Organic dyes are extensively used in the textile, paper and paint industries, among others. However, the lack of efficient treatment of disposals leads to the release of these toxic molecules into the environment, which has an enormous impact on living organisms. Dye absorption is the most common approach used to tackle this problem. However, the ideal solution should include dye degradation and absorbent regeneration, reducing the environmental impact of the procedure. Dye degradation can be achieved by catalysis. Recently, silk fibroin (SF) has been shown to have incredible absorbent properties. Herein, we characterized the capacity of SF hydrogels to absorb methylene blue (MB), an extensively used cationic organic dye. Moreover, the effect of a pretreatment of the SF hydrogel at different pH and ionic environments is also studied. Interestingly, opposite behaviors are observed when absorbing MB or brilliant blue (an anionic dye), suggesting an electrostatic-based interaction. Furthermore, the regeneration of a MB-saturated SF hydrogel by immersion in acidic pH and its further reuse were evaluated. Finally, the SF hydrogel was coupled with a gold nanoparticle catalyst, which resulted in a material able to absorb and catalyze the MB reduction by sodium borohydride in situ, leading to dye degradation. Overall, this work presents a biodegradable reusable material able to absorb and reduce MB in aqueous media

Solid-phase synthesis of a biotin-labelled thiopalmitoylated myelin proteolipid protein epitope and application in the study of uptake of antigen by macrophages

Proteolipid protein (PLP) is the most abundant protein of CNS myelin, and is posttranslationally acylated by covalent attachment of palmitic acid to cysteine residues viaa thioester linkage. It was previously shown that thiopalmitoylation of encephalitogenic PLP T-cell epitopes enhanced immune responses as well as the development and chronicity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). To understand how the thiopalmitoylated peptides (S-palm peptide) can play a role in the development of autoreactivity in EAE and MS, the mechanism by which they are taken up by antigen presenting cells (APC) and presented to the immune system must be determined. This paper describes the solid-phase synthesis and purification of biotin-labelled thiopalmitoylated PLP(139-151) for use in studying the uptake of S-palm peptides by macrophages using flow cytometry analysis. Our aim was to obtain the labelled lipopeptide after on-resin biotinylation and palmitoylation, but, due to the reactivity of biotin towards acylation, we had to modify the conditions of thiopalmitoylation we had previously described, i.e. palmitic acid activated ester instead of palmitoyl chloride. Using flow cytometry analysis, we were able to show that the entry of S-palm peptide in the macrophages is very rapid compared to the non-palmitoylated peptide, and that the lipopeptide is taken up more efficiently into the macrophages

Silk Bionanocomposites for Organic Dye Absorption and Degradation

Organic dyes are extensively used in the textile, paper and paint industries, among others. However, the lack of efficient treatment of disposals leads to the release of these toxic molecules into the environment, which has an enormous impact on living organisms. Dye absorption is the most common approach used to tackle this problem. However, the ideal solution should include dye degradation and absorbent regeneration, reducing the environmental impact of the procedure. Dye degradation can be achieved by catalysis. Recently, silk fibroin (SF) has been shown to have incredible absorbent properties. Herein, we characterized the capacity of SF hydrogels to absorb methylene blue (MB), an extensively used cationic organic dye. Moreover, the effect of a pretreatment of the SF hydrogel at different pH and ionic environments is also studied. Interestingly, opposite behaviors are observed when absorbing MB or brilliant blue (an anionic dye), suggesting an electrostatic-based interaction. Furthermore, the regeneration of a MB-saturated SF hydrogel by immersion in acidic pH and its further reuse were evaluated. Finally, the SF hydrogel was coupled with a gold nanoparticle catalyst, which resulted in a material able to absorb and catalyze the MB reduction by sodium borohydride in situ, leading to dye degradation. Overall, this work presents a biodegradable reusable material able to absorb and reduce MB in aqueous media