Research on the Mechanism of Entrepreneurship Education on College Students’ Entrepreneurial Willingness and Its Future Prediction

The strength of college students’ entrepreneurial willingness is a barometer for measuring the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education. It is also an important avenue for college students to expand their employment opportunities and enhance the quality of their employment in the face of new employment trends. Comprehensive universities offer a wide range of disciplines and great professional specialization. It is of great significance to explore the diversity results in college students’ entrepreneurship education indicators. According to the data on the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurship willingness in comprehensive universities in Jiangsu province, various factors such as subject characteristics, work experience, educational background, and family environment significantly impact college students’ willingness to become entrepreneurs. The implementation of entrepreneurship education, including the awakening of entrepreneurial consciousness, the cultivation of entrepreneurial abilities, and the improvement of entrepreneurial willingness, has a direct impact on college students’ willingness to start their own businesses

Identification and analysis of the secretome of plant pathogenic fungi reveals lifestyle adaptation

The secretory proteome plays an important role in the pathogenesis of phytopathogenic fungi. However, the relationship between the large-scale secretome of phytopathogenic fungi and their lifestyle is not fully understood. In the present study, the secretomes of 150 plant pathogenic fungi were predicted and the characteristics associated with different lifestyles were investigated. In total, 94,974 secreted proteins (SPs) were predicted from these fungi. The number of the SPs ranged from 64 to 1,662. Among these fungi, hemibiotrophic fungi had the highest number (average of 970) and proportion (7.1%) of SPs. Functional annotation showed that hemibiotrophic and necrotroph fungi, differ from biotrophic and symbiotic fungi, contained much more carbohydrate enzymes, especially polysaccharide lyases and carbohydrate esterases. Furthermore, the core and lifestyle-specific SPs orthogroups were identified. Twenty-seven core orthogroups contained 16% of the total SPs and their motif function annotation was represented by serine carboxypeptidase, carboxylesterase and asparaginase. In contrast, 97 lifestyle-specific orthogroups contained only 1% of the total SPs, with diverse functions such as PAN_AP in hemibiotroph-specific and flavin monooxygenases in necrotroph-specific. Moreover, obligate biotrophic fungi had the largest number of effectors (average of 150), followed by hemibiotrophic fungi (average of 120). Among these effectors, 4,155 had known functional annotation and pectin lyase had the highest proportion in the functionally annotated effectors. In addition, 32 sets of RNA-Seq data on pathogen-host interactions were collected and the expression levels of SPs were higher than that of non-SPs, and the expression level of effector genes was higher in biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungi than in necrotrophic fungi, while secretase genes were highly expressed in necrotrophic fungi. Finally, the secretory activity of five predicted SPs from Setosphearia turcica was experimentally verified. In conclusion, our results provide a foundation for the study of pathogen-host interaction and help us to understand the fungal lifestyle adaptation

Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy analysis in keratoconus patients from China

Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants have been implicated in keratoconus (KC). The present study aimed to characterize the mtDNA heteroplasmy profile in KC and explore the association of mitochondrial heteroplasmic levels with KC.Methods: Mitochondrial sequencing of peripheral blood samples and corneal tomography were conducted in 300 KC cases and 300 matched controls. The number of heteroplasmic and homoplasmic variants was calculated across the mitochondrial genome. Spearman’s correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the number of heteroplasmic variants and age. The association of mtDNA heteroplasmic level with KC was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Moreover, the relationship between mitochondrial heteroplasmic levels and clinical parameters was determined by linear regression analysis.Results: The distribution of mtDNA heteroplasmic variants showed the highest number of heteroplasmic variants in the non-coding region, while the COX3 gene exhibited the highest number in protein-coding genes. Comparisons of the number of heteroplasmic and homoplasmic non-synonymous variants in protein-coding genes revealed no significant differences between KC cases and controls (all p > 0.05). In addition, the number of heteroplasmic variants was positively associated with age in all subjects (r = 0.085, p = 0.037). The logistic regression analyses indicated that the heteroplasmic levels of m.16180_16181delAA was associated with KC (p < 0.005). Linear regression analyses demonstrated that the heteroplasmic levels of m.16180_16181delAA and m.302A>C were not correlated with thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), steep keratometry (Ks), and flat keratometry (Kf) (all p > 0.05) in KC cases and controls separately.Conclusion: The current study characterized the mtDNA heteroplasmy profile in KC, and revealed that the heteroplasmic levels of m.16180_16181delAA were associated with KC

Estudio descriptivo de la traducción al chino de "Gender Trouble : Feminism and the Subversion of Identity" de Judith Butler

El present treball pretén abordar un estudi descriptiu de la traducció al xinès de l'obra Gender Trouble de Judith Butler. Com s'emmarca en les teories de l'Escola de la Manipulació, hem estudiat els factors extratextuals i paratextos que envolten la traducció, així com les solucions que la traductora ha proposat per als conceptes de gènere, utilitzant la traducció al castellà com a corpus paral·lel. En aquest treball, hem aconseguit establir la conclusió més destacada que la manca d'una terminologia definitiva de la teoria de gènere, la distància cultural i la gran diferència lingüística fan que la traducció suposi més dificultats per a la traductora xinesa que per a l'espanyola i que resulti més difícil comprendre el resultat per als receptors xinesos que per als espanyols.El presente trabajo pretende abordar un estudio descriptivo de la traducción al chino de la obra Gender Trouble de Judith Butler. Como se enmarca en las teorías de la Escuela de la Manipulación, hemos estudiado los factores extratextuales y paratextos que rodean la traducción, así como las soluciones que la traductora ha propuesto para los conceptos de género, utilizando la traducción al castellano como corpus paralelo. En este trabajo, hemos logrado establecer la conclusión más destacada de que la falta de una terminología definitiva de la teoría de género, la distancia cultural y la gran diferencia lingüística hacen que la traducción suponga más dificultades para la traductora china que para la española y que resulte más difícil comprender el resultado para los receptores chinos que para los españoles.The thesis is a descriptive study of the Chinese version of Gender Trouble by Judith Butler. Within the framework of manipulation theories, it focuses on the extratextual factors and paratext that surrounds the translation. The thesis investigates the translation solutions that the Chinese translator has adopted to render the concepts of gender, and uses the Spanish version as the parallel corpus. One of the most outstanding conclusions of this thesis is that the lack of a definitive terminology of gender theory, the cultural distance and the great linguistic difference make translation more difficult for the Chinese translator than for the Spanish one. As a result, the Chinese version causes more difficulties for Chinese recipients to understand

Accuracy of tomographic and biomechanical parameters in detecting unilateral post-LASIK keratoectasia and fellow eyes

Background: Patients with unilateral post-LASIK keratectasia (KE) have clinical ectasia in one eye but not in the fellow eye. As serious complications, these cases are rarely reported but are worth investigating. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of unilateral KE and the accuracy of corneal tomographic and biomechanical parameters to detect KE and distinguish fellow eyes from control eyes.Methods: The study analyzed 23 KE eyes, 23 KE fellow eyes, and 48 normal eyes from age- and sex-matched patients who had undergone LASIK. The Kruskal–Wallis test and further paired comparisons were performed to compare the clinical measurements of the three groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the ability to distinguish KE and fellow eyes from the control eyes. Binary logistic regression with the forward stepwise method was performed to produce a combined index, and the DeLong test was used to compare the discriminability difference of the parameters.Results: Males accounted for 69.6% of patients with unilateral KE. The duration between corneal surgery and the onset of ectasia ranged from 4 months to 18 years, with a median time of 10 years. The KE fellow eye had a higher posterior evaluation (PE) value than the control eyes (5 vs. 2, p = 0.035). Diagnostic tests showed that PE, posterior radius of curvature (3 mm), anterior evaluation (FE), and Corvis biomechanical index–laser vision correction (CBI-LVC) were sensitive indicators for distinguishing KE in the control eyes. The ability of PE to detect the KE fellow eye from the control eye was 0.745 (0.628 and 0.841), with 73.91% sensitivity and 68.75% specificity at a cut-off value of 3. The ability of a combined index, constructed using PE and FE, to distinguish fellow eyes of KE from controls was 0.831 (0.723 and 0.909), which was higher than that of PE and FE individually (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The fellow eyes of patients with unilateral KE had significantly higher PE values than control eyes, and a combination of PE and FE enhanced this differentiation in a Chinese population. More attention should be paid to the long-term follow-up of patients after LASIK and to be wary of the occurrence of early KE

Surface electrocardiographic characteristics in coronavirus disease 2019: repolarization abnormalities associated with cardiac involvement

AIMS The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the globe, causing significant morbidity and mortality. This study aims to describe electrocardiographic (ECG) characteristics of COVID-19 patients and to identify ECG parameters that are associated with cardiac involvement. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 diagnosis and had cardiac biomarker assessments and simultaneous 12-lead surface ECGs. Sixty-three hospitalized patients (median 53 [inter-quartile range, 43-65] years, 76.2% male) were enrolled, including patients with (n = 23) and without (n = 40) cardiac injury. Patients with cardiac injury were older, had more pre-existing co-morbidities, and had higher mortality than those without cardiac injury. They also had prolonged QTc intervals and more T wave changes. Logistic regression model identified that the number of abnormal T waves (odds ratio (OR), 2.36 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.38-4.04], P = 0.002) and QTc interval (OR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.03-1.66], P = 0.027) were independent indicators for cardiac injury. The combination model of these two parameters along with age could well discriminate cardiac injury (area the under curve 0.881, P < 0.001) by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Cox regression model identified that the presence of T wave changes was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 3.57 [1.40, 9.11], P = 0.008) after adjustment for age. CONCLUSIONS In COVID-19 patients, presence of cardiac injury at admission is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Repolarization abnormalities on surface ECG such as abnormal T waves and prolonged QTc intervals are more common in patients with cardiac involvement and can help in further risk stratification

Machine learning analysis with the comprehensive index of corneal tomographic and biomechanical parameters in detecting pediatric subclinical keratoconus

Background: Keratoconus (KC) occurs at puberty but diagnosis is focused on adults. The early diagnosis of pediatric KC can prevent its progression and improve the quality of life of patients. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of corneal tomographic and biomechanical variables through machine learning analysis to detect subclinical keratoconus (SKC) in a pediatric population.Methods: Fifty-two KC, 52 SKC, and 52 control pediatric eyes matched by age and gender were recruited in a case-control study. The corneal tomographic and biomechanical parameters were measured by professionals. A linear mixed-effects test was used to compare the differences among the three groups and a least significant difference analysis was used to conduct pairwise comparisons. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Delong test were used to evaluate diagnostic ability. Variables were used in a multivariate logistic regression in the machine learning analysis, using a stepwise variable selection to decrease overfitting, and comprehensive indices for detecting pediatric SKC eyes were produced in each step.Results: PE, BAD-D, and TBI had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values in identifying pediatric KC eyes, and the corresponding cutoff values were 12 μm, 2.48, and 0.6, respectively. For discriminating SKC eyes, the highest AUC (95% CI) was found in SP A1 with a value of 0.84 (0.765, 0.915), and BAD-D was the best parameter among the corneal tomographic parameters with an AUC (95% CI) value of 0.817 (0.729, 0.886). Three models were generated in the machine learning analysis, and Model 3 (y = 0.400*PE + 1.982* DA ratio max [2 mm]−0.072 * SP A1−3.245) had the highest AUC (95% CI) value, with 90.4% sensitivity and 76.9% specificity, and the cutoff value providing the best Youden index was 0.19.Conclusion: The criteria of parameters for diagnosing pediatric KC and SKC eyes were inconsistent with the adult population. Combined corneal tomographic and biomechanical parameters could enhance the early diagnosis of young patients and improve the inadequate representation of pediatric KC research

Distribution of pediatric keratoconus by different age and gender groups

PurposeTo evaluate the distribution of pediatric keratoconus patients and the disease severity based on different age and gender groups in China.Materials and methodsA total of 446 keratoconus eyes in 266 pediatric patients from January 2019 to January 2022 were included in the cross-sectional study. The clinical findings and severity of keratoconus were recorded and Kruskal–Wallis test, chi-squared test, and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) test were used to compare the parameters between different gender and age groups.ResultsThe male/female ratio was 353/93 (3.8:1), and the median age was 16 years (range: 6–17 years). Male patients were statistically younger than female patients (P = 0.041). The male/female ratio decreased with age (P for trend = 0.011). The distribution of the topographic keratoconus classification (TKC) stage was significantly different between gender and age groups (all P &lt; 0.05). Male patients had a higher ratio of advanced keratoconus eyes (TKC ≥ 3) than female patients (P &lt; 0.001), and CMH analysis indicated that being a male was a risk factor for advanced keratoconus after controlling for age (odds ratio: 2.581, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionMale keratoconus patients were younger, with a higher ratio of advanced keratoconus than female patients in the Chinese pediatric patients evaluated. Multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are necessary in the future

Modelling human choices: MADeM and decision‑making

Research supported by FAPESP 2015/50122-0 and DFG-GRTK 1740/2. RP and AR are also part of the Research, Innovation and Dissemination Center for Neuromathematics FAPESP grant (2013/07699-0). RP is supported by a FAPESP scholarship (2013/25667-8). ACR is partially supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)