A pilot trial of treatment changes according to schizophrenic patients' wishes

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Atomic Diffusion and Mixing in Old Stars V: A deeper look into the Globular Cluster NGC 6752

Abundance trends in heavier elements with evolutionary phase have been shown to exist in the globular cluster NGC 6752 [Fe/H]=-1.6. These trends are a result of atomic diffusion and additional (non-convective) mixing. Studying such trends can provide us with important constraints on the extent to which diffusion modifies the internal structure and surface abundances of solar-type, metal-poor stars. Taking advantage of a larger data sample, we investigate the reality and the size of these abundance trends and address questions and potential biases associated with the various stellar populations that make up NGC6752. Based on uvby Str\"omgren photometry, we are able to separate three stellar populations in NGC 6752 along the evolutionary sequence from the base of the red giant branch down to the turnoff point. We find weak systematic abundance trends with evolutionary phase for Ca, Ti, and Fe which are best explained by stellar-structure models including atomic diffusion with efficient additional mixing. We derive a new value for the initial lithium abundance of NGC 6752 after correcting for the effect of atomic diffusion and additional mixing which falls slightly below the predicted standard BBN value. We find three stellar populations by combining photometric and spectroscopic data of 194 stars in the globular cluster NGC 6752. Abundance trends for groups of elements, differently affected by atomic diffusion and additional mixing, are identified. Although the statistical significance of the individual trends is weak, they all support the notion that atomic diffusion is operational along the evolutionary sequence of NGC 6752.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, 2 online table

Adsorbate-induced electronic modification of alkali-metal overlayers

For submonolayer coverages of Cs on Ru(0001) surfaces, the Cs-Ru vibration is observed at 7.8 meV (63 cm−1) by means of high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy. At Cs coverages near the complete monolayer the adlayer becomes metallic as indicated by screening of the Cs-Ru vibration and the occurrence of an electronic excitation (plasmon) at 580 meV. Coadsorption of CO as well as of oxygen leads to the reappearance of the Cs-Ru vibration and the disappearance of the electronic excitation which is interpreted as a demetallization through chemical interaction with the coadsorbed species

First evidence of multiple populations along the AGB from Str\"omgren photometry

Spectroscopic studies have demonstrated that nearly all Galactic globular clusters (GCs) harbour multiple stellar populations with different chemical compositions. Moreover, colour-magnitude diagrams based exclusively on Str\"omgrem photometry have allowed us to identify and characterise multiple populations along the RGB of a large number of clusters. In this paper we show for the first time that Str\"omgren photometry is also very effcient at identifying multiple populations along the AGB, and demonstrate that the AGB of M3, M92, NGC362, NGC1851, and NGC6752 are not consistent with a single stellar population. We also provide a catalogue of RGB and AGB stars photometrically identified in these clusters for further spectroscopic follow-up studies.We combined photometry and elemental abundances from the literature for RGB and AGB stars in NGC6752 where the presence of multiple populations along the AGB has been widely debated. We find that, while the MS, SGB, and RGB host three stellar populations with different helium and light element abundances, only two populations of AGB stars are present in the cluster. These results are consistent with standard evolutionary theory.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 table in the main article, 3 tables in the appendix of which 2 tables containing coordinates and photometry of photometrically identified RGB and AGB star

Atomic diffusion and mixing in old stars IV: Weak abundance trends in the globular cluster NGC 6752

Atomic diffusion in stars can create systematic trends of surface abundances with evolutionary stage. Globular clusters offer useful laboratories to put observational constraints on this theory as one needs to compare abundances in unevolved and evolved stars, all drawn from the same stellar population. In this paper, we show the results of an abundance study of stars in the globular cluster NGC6752 which shows weak but systematic abundances trends with evolutionary phase for Fe, Sc, Ti and Ca. The trends are best explained by a stellar structure model including atomic diffusion with efficient additional mixing. The model allows to correct for sub-primordial stellar lithium abundances of the stars on the Spite plateau, and to match it to the WMAP-calibrated Big-Bang nucleosynthesis predictions to within the mutual 1-sigma errors.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures and 8 table

Exchange bias with Fe substitution in LaMnO_3

The exchange bias (EB) in LaMn_{0.7}Fe_{0.3}O_3 is observed by the negative shift and training effect of the hysteresis loops, while the sample was cooled in external magnetic field. The analysis of cooling field dependence of EB gives the size of the ferromagnetic (FM) cluster ~ 25 Angstrom, where the magnetic anisotropy of FM cluster is found two order of magnitude higher than the FM bulk manganites. We propose that the nanoscale FM clusters are embedded in the glassy magnetic host with EB at the FM/glassy magnetic interface.Comment: 6 figure

Atomic diffusion and mixing in old stars VI: The lithium content of M30

The prediction of the PLANCK-constrained primordial lithium abundance in the Universe is in discordance with the observed Li abundances in warm Population II dwarf and subgiant stars. Among the physically best motivated ideas, it has been suggested that this discrepancy can be alleviated if the stars observed today had undergone photospheric depletion of lithium. The cause of this depletion is investigated by accurately tracing the behaviour of the lithium abundances as a function of effective temperature. Globular clusters are ideal laboratories for such an abundance analysis as the relative stellar parameters of their stars can be precisely determined. We performed a homogeneous chemical abundance analysis of 144 stars in the metal-poor globular cluster M30, ranging from the cluster turnoff point to the tip of the red giant branch. NLTE abundances for Li, Ca, and Fe were derived where possible. Stellar parameters were derived by matching isochrones to the observed V vs V-I colour-magnitude diagram. Independent effective temperatures were obtained from automated profile fitting of the Balmer lines and by applying colour-T_eff calibrations to the broadband photometry. Li abundances of the turnoff and early subgiant stars form a thin plateau that is broken off abruptly in the middle of the SGB as a result of the onset of Li dilution caused by the first dredge-up. Abundance trends with effective temperature for Fe and Ca are observed and compared to predictions from stellar structure models including atomic diffusion and ad hoc additional mixing below the surface convection zone. The comparison shows that the stars in M30 are affected by atomic diffusion and additional mixing. After applying a conservative correction for atomic diffusion, we find an initial Li abundance of A(Li) = $2.48\pm0.10$ for the globular cluster M30.Comment: 13 pages, 7 tables (Tab. 1 and 5 can be obtained at ADS) and 8 figure

The impact of climate change on cultural heritage buildings: Hygrothermal performance of building materials in historic buildings and structures under various climate change scenarios

Treball desenvolupat en el marc del programa "European Project Semester". The project is part of Hyperion, a research and investigation program funded by the European Union for the period 2019-2022 under the Grant Agreement 821054.It is known that climate change causes drastic changes all over the world and the average temperature is continually increasing, along with other various disasters. This directly affects the building materials, making them vulnerable to any kind of damages, specially biodeterioration. This European Project Semester investigates the hygrothermal performance of two timber historic buildings in Tønsberg, a city located in Norway, considering different climate scenarios. These constructions are mainly damaged by biological degradation of the wooden building parts, so the study focuses on the parameters related to mold risk. The main goal of this research is to use these two case studies as a small scale to predict the future of the deterioration of the construction materials. This investigation entails an inspection in situ, analyzing samples, working with hygrothermal simulation software, between other different kinds of tools. The project is part of Hyperion, a research and investigation program funded by the European Union in 2020.OutgoingObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles::11.4 - Redoblar els esforços per a protegir i salvaguardar el patrimoni cultural i natural del mó