Engraissement de taurillons de race française frisonne pie noire en Guadeloupe. Utilisation comparée d'aliments à base de son et de céréales

En Guadeloupe, 2 groupes de 12 et 9 taurillons frisons ont reçu entre le sevrage et l'abattage à 15 mois de l'herbe hachée (Pangola) en quantité limitée et un aliment concentré ad libitum, soit hautement énergétique (66 p. 100 céréales, 10 p.100 tourteau d'arachide, 21 p. 100 luzerne déshydratée), soit moins énergétique (85 p. 100 son de blé, 10 p. 100 mélasse de canne à sucre, 1,5 p. 100 urée). Les gains moyens journaliers (888 et 854 g) et les consommations journalières d'aliment concentré (6,2 et 6,0 kg) n'ont pas été significativement différentes. Le régime moins énergétique a donc été utilisé plus efficacement. Les consommations et croissances obtenues avec le régime riche en énergie sont inférieures à celles qui ont été enregistrées avec ce même régime sur le même génotype en milieu tempér

Norwegian patients and retail chicken meat share cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and IncK/bla_CMY-2 resistance plasmids

Objectives In 2012 and 2014 the Norwegian monitoring programme for antimicrobial resistance in the veterinary and food production sectors (NORM-VET) showed that 124 of a total of 406 samples (31%) of Norwegian retail chicken meat were contaminated with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to compare selected cephalosporin-resistant E. coli from humans and poultry to determine their genetic relatedness based on whole genome sequencing (WGS). Methods Escherichia coli representing three prevalent cephalosporin-resistant multi-locus sequence types (STs) isolated from poultry (n = 17) were selected from the NORM-VET strain collections. All strains carried an IncK plasmid with a blaCMY-2 gene. Clinical E. coli isolates (n = 284) with AmpC-mediated resistance were collected at Norwegian microbiology laboratories from 2010 to 2014. PCR screening showed that 29 of the clinical isolates harboured both IncK and blaCMY-2. All IncK/blaCMY-2-positive isolates were analysed with WGS-based bioinformatics tools. Results Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 2.5 Mbp of shared genome sequences showed close relationship, with fewer than 15 SNP differences between five clinical isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs) and the ST38 isolates from poultry. Furthermore, all of the 29 clinical isolates harboured IncK/blaCMY-2 plasmid variants highly similar to the IncK/blaCMY-2 plasmid present in the poultry isolates. Conclusions Our results provide support for the hypothesis that clonal transfer of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli from chicken meat to humans may occur, and may cause difficult-to-treat infections. Furthermore, these E. coli can be a source of AmpC-resistance plasmids for opportunistic pathogens in the human microbiota

Rapid Qualitative Urinary Tract Infection Pathogen Identification by SeptiFast® Real-Time PCR

Background Urinary tract infections (UTI) are frequent in outpatients. Fast pathogen identification is mandatory for shortening the time of discomfort and preventing serious complications. Urine culture needs up to 48 hours until pathogen identification. Consequently, the initial antibiotic regimen is empirical. Aim To evaluate the feasibility of qualitative urine pathogen identification by a commercially available real-time PCR blood pathogen test (SeptiFast®) and to compare the results with dipslide and microbiological culture. Design of study Pilot study with prospectively collected urine samples. Setting University hospital. Methods 82 prospectively collected urine samples from 81 patients with suspected UTI were included. Dipslide urine culture was followed by microbiological pathogen identification in dipslide positive samples. In parallel, qualitative DNA based pathogen identification (SeptiFast®) was performed in all samples. Results 61 samples were SeptiFast® positive, whereas 67 samples were dipslide culture positive. The inter-methodological concordance of positive and negative findings in the gram+, gram- and fungi sector was 371/410 (90%), 477/492 (97%) and 238/246 (97%), respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of the SeptiFast® test for the detection of an infection was 0.82 and 0.60, respectively. SeptiFast® pathogen identifications were available at least 43 hours prior to culture results. Conclusion The SeptiFast® platform identified bacterial DNA in urine specimens considerably faster compared to conventional culture. For UTI diagnosis sensitivity and specificity is limited by its present qualitative setup which does not allow pathogen quantification. Future quantitative assays may hold promise for PCR based UTI pathogen identification as a supplementation of conventional culture methods

OBSERVATIONS PRÉLIMINAIRES SUR LES VARIATIONS SAISONNIÈRES DE LA QUANTITÉ D'ALIMENT INGÉRÉE PAR LES CAPRINS EN MILIEU TROPICAL HUMIDE

International audienc

FTIR Microspectroscopy Coupled with Two-Class Discrimination Segregates Markers Responsible for Inter- and Intra-Category Variance in Exfoliative Cervical Cytology.

Infrared (IR) absorbance of cellular biomolecules generates a vibrational spectrum, which can be exploited as a “biochemical fingerprint” of a particular cell type. Biomolecules absorb in the mid-IR (2–20 μm) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy applied to discriminate different cell types (exfoliative cervical cytology collected into buffered fixative solution) was evaluated. This consisted of cervical cytology free of atypia (i.e. normal; n = 60), specimens categorised as containing low-grade changes (i.e. CIN1 or LSIL; n = 60) and a further cohort designated as high-grade (CIN2/3 or HSIL; n = 60). IR spectral analysis was coupled with principal component analysis (PCA), with or without subsequent linear discriminant analysis (LDA), to determine if normal versus low-grade versus high-grade exfoliative cytology could be segregated. With increasing severity of atypia, decreases in absorbance intensity were observable throughout the 1,500 cm−1 to 1,100 cm−1 spectral region; this included proteins (1,460 cm−1), glycoproteins (1,380 cm−1), amide III (1,260 cm−1), asymmetric (νas) PO2 − (1,225 cm−1) and carbohydrates (1,155 cm−1). In contrast, symmetric (νs) PO2 − (1,080 cm−1) appeared to have an elevated intensity in high-grade cytology. Inter-category variance was associated with protein and DNA conformational changes whereas glycogen status strongly influenced intra-category. Multivariate data reduction of IR spectra using PCA with LDA maximises inter-category variance whilst reducing the influence of intra-class variation towards an objective approach to class cervical cytology based on a biochemical profile

Discrimination of human stem cells by photothermal microspectroscopy

Stem cells have great potential in clinical medicine. Sensitive methods for stem cell identification are a requirement for the development of medical interventions involving these cells. To date, a definitive stem cell marker has not been discovered. We are exploring the use of photothermal microspectroscopy (PTMS) for the purpose of stem cell characterisation and identification in human corneal epithelium. PTMS measures heat fluctuations associated with infrared radiation absorption. The technique is advantageous over existing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods in having a spatial resolution which is not diffraction limited, thus allowing examination at a sub-cellular scale. PTMS measurements are unaffected by IR opacity of the sample, giving the method a further edge in comparison to FTIR spectroscopy. We show that PTMS spectra can be used for the characterisation of stem cells and differentiated cells in the human corneal stem cell model. We demonstrate for the first time that PTMS spectra derived from these cell types segregate into separate data clusters after principal component analysis. The predominant wavenumbers responsible for this separation appear to be associated with nucleic acid structure and function. PTMS offers great promise as a technique for stem cell identification in tissue samples where spatial resolution at the cellular scale or better is required. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

LA VALEUR ALIMENTAIRE DU PANGOLA (DIGITARIA DECUMBENS STENT.) ET SES FACTEURS DE VARIATION, EN ZONE TROPICALE HUMIDE

International audienc