"Para mí, aprender una lengua significa..." Representaciones de alumnos universitarios mexicanos acerca de lenguas extranjeras.

Beliefs have been studied in many different contexts because they underlie and influence our actions in every aspect of our lives. In this paper, we will present the results of two studies carried out at the Foreign Language Center of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, about the beliefs of Mexican university level students of French and English as foreign languages. More precisely, we intended to find out what the beliefs of the students were as far as the process of foreign language learning was concerned (eg. what they thought about personal factors, materials, activities, the teacher’s role, and/or self-assessment). We will explain the methodology we used and the selection of our sample. The results we arrived at show that Mexican students have fairly average beliefs

Detecting Episodes with Harmonic Sequences for Fugue Analysis

International audienceFugues alternate between instances of the subject and of other patterns, such as the counter-subject, and modulatory sections called episodes. The episodes play an important role in the overall design of a fugue: detecting them may help the analysis of the fugue, in complement to a subject and a counter-subject detection. We propose an algorithm to retrieve episodes in the fugues of the first book of Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, starting from a symbolic score which is already track-separated. The algorithm does not use any information on subject or counter-subject occurrences, but tries to detect partial harmonic sequences, that is similar pitch contour in at least two voices. For this, it uses a substitution function considering "quantized partially overlapping intervals" [Lemström and Laine, 98] and a strict length matching for all notes, except for the first and the last one. On half of the tested fugues, the algorithm has correct or good results, enabling to sketch the design of the fugue

Funcionalización convergente de nanopartículas para oncología y cardiovascular "in vivo" imágenes y terapia

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, leída el 15-07-2015La Nanomedicina consiste en el uso de las herrameintas de la nanotecnología para la resolución de problemas biomédicos. Una parte fundamental de este area de la ciencia es la funcionalización de las nanopartículas, la introducción de los ligandos adecuados para su uso in vivo. En el presente trabajo se ha llevado a cabo la síntesis, funcionalización y caracterización de Nanopartículas hidrófilas en forma de micelas. El uso de interacciones hidrófobas ha permitido la síntesis de una librería muy amplia de partículas. Según las propiedades de cada partícula se muestran aplicaciones, tanto en imagen como en terapia, en enfermedades cardiovasculares y oncológicasFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEunpu

Clorinda Donato and Ricardo López (Eds), Enlightenment Spain and the Encyclopédie méthodique

Clorinda Donato et Ricardo Lopez, éditeurs et traducteurs, réalisent un ouvrage fortement original que l’on pourrait qualifier de première étude géopolitique de l’Encyclopédie méthodique. Il s’agit plus exactement de l’étude de l’article Espagne, pays dont la politique humaine et religieuse a pesé gravement sur les relations entre les pays européens. On apprend que d’une part l’article Espagne avait déclenché une polémique qui révélait en fait un conflit entre l’Europe et l’Espagne et que, d’..

L’évolution de la philosophie de l’Encyclopédie au Rêve de D’Alembert.

La philosophie de l’Encyclopédie a évolué au cours des vingt années de l’édition du dictionnaire raisonné de 1751 à 1765 et on peut considérer Le Rêve comme un de ses aboutissements. En effet, Le Rêve propose la discussion de nombreux points de l’évolution scientifique du XVIIIe siècle dont les enjeux sont philosophiques. Que ce soit l’introduction de formes substantielles dans le problème de la notion de force ou l’affirmation de la préexistence des germes, il s’agit pour Diderot et D’Alembert de leur opposer une méthode (logique ou naturelle) pour appréhender la compréhension de l’univers matériel. Aussi, Le Rêve constitue-t-il pour la philosophie un point de départ pour une autre manière de penser. Ce que Kant a réalisé. Cet article tente aussi de montrer que dans Le Rêve la phénoménologie se laisse pressentir. Enfin, il défend l’idée que les théories de la classification et de l’organisation sont autant la base du développement de la science que des systèmes philosophiques à venir.The development of philosophy from the Encyclopédie to the Rêve de D’Alembert.The Encyclopédie’s philosophy evolved during the twenty years of its publication, from 1751 to 1765, and the Rêve can be seen as one of its end-points. For this work sets out to discuss many aspects of l8th-century scientific development which involve philosophical issues. Whether the question was the introduction of substantial forms into the problem of the notion of force or the affirmation of the pre-existence of germs, Diderot and D’Alembert were concerned to counter with a method (logical or natural) for approaching the understanding of the material world. Thus the Rêve is a philosophical starting-point for another way of thinking, which Kant achieved. This article also tries to show that phenomenology is foreshadowed in the Rêve. Finally, it defends the idea that theories of classification and organisations are as much the basis of scientific development as of future philosophical systems

La lucha por las mujeres

En junio de 1949 aparecía el primer tomo de un ensayo cuya audacia, ambición y libertad no son, aún hoy, lo suficientemente valorados: El segundo sexo. Simone de Beauvoir tiene entonces 37 años. Ya ha publicado tres novelas, entre ellas La invitada en 1943, y una obra de teatro, Las bocas inútiles. Sin embargo, se la considera fundamentalmente la compañera del padre del existencialismo y se la apoda Nuestra Señora de Sartre. Antes que ella, mujeres aisladas, heroicas como Olympe de Gouges, audaces como Mary Wollstonecraft o lúcidas como Virginia Wolf, por no citar más que algunas, ya habían inventado el feminismo, incluso antes de que esta palabra fuese creada. Pero fue Simone de Beauvoir la que logró reunir todas estas reivindicaciones dispersas, estos movimientos de ideas rápidamente reprimidos, estos combates casi olvidados, estas tentativas de mujeres heroicas y sistemáticamente arrojadas a los rincones más oscuros de la Historia, para darles una voz única, fundada sobre un profundo conocimiento filosófico, histórico, científico y sociológico.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Desalination technologies for developing countries: what solutions?

Desalination is a water treatment option known by people at large for its large scale use in rich countries such as in the Middle East. Nevertheless, this is not an option for some developing countries such as Kenya, as, due to the water scarcity existing in such places, saline water is the only source for drinking purposes. Numerous technologies exist for desalinating water, from the very simple process of solar desalination already in use in the antiquity, to the most complicated membrane or electronic technologies. Appropriate solutions adapted to development or emergency situations have to be taken depending on the context in place in developing countries. Through discussions with private companies and research laboratories, some of the most up to date systems currently usable have been reviewed in order to assess their suitability for an implementation by the charity Oxfam GB in a near future in several locations in West African and South Asian countries. Criteria have been defined according to the needs observed by the charity in targeted places, better targeting possible appropriate technologies. The study focused on technological details as well as long term management issues for optimising ownership of the local communities. After comparison of the reviewed technologies and confrontation with the defined criteria, it resulted that interesting options available for development are membrane-based or distillation. The use of clean energy sources such as brute strength (mechanical systems using animal or human strength) simplify operation and maintenance, and lower operation cost at the same time for a sustainable implementation in remote villages. Automated electronic-based systems are also an opportunity for emergency situations. However, most of those solutions have not been in use in a developing country yet. Consequently, innovative experimentation is needed for the good of all.Engineering and Physical Sciences (EPSRC)Community Water and Sanitatio

On Quasiperiodic Morphisms

Weakly and strongly quasiperiodic morphisms are tools introduced to study quasiperiodic words. Formally they map respectively at least one or any non-quasiperiodic word to a quasiperiodic word. Considering them both on finite and infinite words, we get four families of morphisms between which we study relations. We provide algorithms to decide whether a morphism is strongly quasiperiodic on finite words or on infinite words.Comment: 12 page

“PARA MÍ, APRENDER UNA LENGUA SIGNIFICA...” REPRESENTACIONES DE ALUMNOS UNIVERSITARIOS MEXICANOS ACERCA DE LENGUAS EXTRANJERAS

AbstractBeliefs have been studied in many different contexts because they underlie and influence our actions in every aspect of our lives. In this paper, we will present the results of two studies carried out at the Foreign Language Center of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, about the beliefs of Mexican university level students of French and English as foreign languages. More precisely, we intended to find out what the beliefs of the students were as far as the process of foreign language learning was concerned (eg. what they thought about personal factors, materials, activities, the teacher’s role, and/or self-assessment). We will explain the methodology we used and the selection of our sample. The results we arrived at show that Mexican students have fairly average beliefs