Uniformidad del test ‘Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue’

Se han realizado 3 medidas espectrorradiométricas no consecutivas de cada una de las 85 muestras que componen el test ‘Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue’, iluminado por una fuente D65. Se desea estudiar hasta qué punto las muestras de este test están distribuidas de manera uniforme en recientes espacios de color. Obtenemos que la claridad de las muestras del test varía de forma muy similar en los espacios CIELAB, DIN99d y CIECAM02, siendo el rango de variación inferior a 10 unidades. El croma de las muestras también varía de forma similar en los tres espacios citados, aunque con mayor amplitud, en especial en CIELAB. La diferencia de color entre muestras consecutivas del test presenta un coeficiente de variación elevado: 37% para CIELAB y 33.7% para CIEDE2000. A partir de estos resultados, consideramos que globalmente no puede afirmarse que las muestras del test ‘Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue’ se encuentran distribuidas de forma uniforme desde el punto de vista perceptivo. Pensamos que el hecho de que las 85 muestras se observen en 4 grupos o regletas separadas dificulta la detección visual de faltas de uniformidad. Probablemente, de las 4 regletas que componen el test, la primera y la última son las que ofrecen las mayores oportunidades de mejora en cuanto a uniformidad se refiere.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Proyecto FIS2007-64266, cofinanciado con fondos FEDER (Unión Europea)

Una verificación empírica de la mejora de la fórmula de diferencia de color CIEDE2000 respecto a CIELAB

Los 10 pares de muestras elaborados en 2002 por el Dr. Alman, con la finalidad de mostrar la mejora de CIEDE2000 con respecto a CIELAB, están diseñados muy cuidadosamente: Los pares 1, 2 y 3 muestran la utilidad de la corrección de claridad, el par 4 la de la corrección de croma, los pares 5 y 6 la de la corrección de tono, los pares 7 y 8 la del término de rotación, y los pares 9 y 10 la de la corrección de grises. Los resultados de las fases 1 y 2 de nuestro experimento visual son bastante similares: utilizando el índice STRESS, la predicción de los mismos mediante CIEDE2000 es considerablemente mejor que la realizada por CIELAB. Los resultados logrados por CIEDE2000 en la predicción de la fase 2 de nuestro experimento son muy similares a la variabilidad inter observador, medida también mediante STRESS. La variabilidad intra-observador es ligeramente superior a la inter-observador.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Proyecto FIS2007-64266, cofinanciado con fondos FEDER (UE)

Color accuracy of two non-calibrated commercial cameras

Obtaining color coordinates from an image is a complicated process, in which calibration and characterization of the camera are essential. However, it is interesting to study what can be obtained if the camera is not calibrated. This work achieves an approximation to this study. Two different commercial cameras have been employed to obtain images of 8 different color samples. No calibration of the cameras has been performed, recovering CIELAB coordinates of the samples through Adobe® Photoshop® software. The results have been compared with the CIELAB coordinates computed from the spectral radiance of the samples measured with a spectroradiometer. The illumination was controlled putting the samples in a GretagMacbeth boothlight provided with a daylight simulator lamp. In this work the aperture of the cameras was fixed in 5.6. Nevertheless the sensitivity (ISO values) and exposure time have been systematically changed. The results show differences between the cameras, the samples and the setup of sensitivity and exposure time. The average color differences of the samples are 10.83 and 18.79 CIELAB units for the two cameras with the optimal combinations of ISO value and exposure time.This research had been supported by the Egide agency (France) via the Partenariat Hubert Curien Franco-Espagnol (Program Picasso No 19258SF) and by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) via the Acción Integrada España-Francia (Program HF2008-0056). Also Research Project FIS2007-64266, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Spain), with ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) support

Preliminary In Vitro Study of Fluoride Release from Selected Ormocer Materials

The purpose of the in vitro study presented in this paper was to determine the long-term release of fluoride ions from selected ormocer materials (Admira (A), Admira Flow (AF), Admira Seal (AS)). The release of fluoride ions from these materials into a saline solution (0.9% NaCl) and deionized water was tested for 14 weeks. In a long-term study the measurements were taken after 1 and 3 h, then 1, 2, and 3 days and then at weekly intervals for 14 weeks. In a short-term study the measurements were made after 3, 24, 48, 72, 69, 168 h, i.e., within 7 days. All materials used in the test showed a constant level of fluoride release. The highest level of cumulative release of fluoride ions into deionized water was found in the AS material (23.95 ± 4.30 μg/mm2), slightly lower in the A material (23.26 ± 4.16 μg/mm2) and the lowest in the AF material (16.79 ± 2.26 μg/mm2). The highest level of cumulative release into saline solution was found in AF (8.08 ± 1.30 μg/mm2), slightly lower in AS (7.36 ± 0.30 μg/mm2) and the lowest in A (6.73 ± 1.10 μg /mm2). After 1 h of immersion of the samples in the saline solution, the highest level of fluoride was released by AF (0.57 ± 0.06 μg/mm2) followed by A (0.20 ± 0.03 μg/mm2) and AS (0.19 ± 0.02 µg/mm2). Moreover, in the 14-week study, the total amount of fluoride release into the saline, which imitates the environment of the oral cavity, was observed as the highest in the AF sample

Practical Demonstration of the CIEDE2000 Corrections to CIELAB Using a Small Set of Sample Pairs

International audienceA set of 10 color pairs was proposed and produced in 2002 to show the advantages of the CIEDE2000 color-difference formula with respect to CIELAB. These 10 color pairs illustrated each of the five corrections to CIELAB proposed by CIEDE2000. The 10 color pairs were visually assessed, under reference conditions close to those proposed by CIEDE2000, by two groups of 31 and 21 inexperienced observers, using two different gray scales. Average visual results in these experiments fitted CIEDE2000 predictions much better than CIELAB, as shown by a decrease of Standardized Residual Sum of Squares values of about 20 units. Current visual results showed only the improvement of CIEDE2000 upon CIELAB in predictions of perceived color differences, but they are not recommended for testing new advanced color-difference formulas

BAP1 loss is associated with higher ASS1 expression in epithelioid mesothelioma: implications for therapeutic stratification.

Abstract The nuclear deubiquitylase BRCA1 associated protein 1 (BAP1) is frequently inactivated in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and germline BAP1 mutation predisposes to cancers including MPM. To explore the influence on cell physiology and drug sensitivity, we sequentially edited a predisposition mutation (w-) and a promoter trap (KO) into human mesothelial cells. BAP1w-/KO MeT5A cells express less BAP1 protein and phenocopy key aspects of BAP1 loss in MPM. SILAC-mass spectrometry revealed evidence of metabolic adaptation, with concomitant alteration of cellular metabolites. In MeT5A, BAP1-deficiency reduces glycolytic enzyme levels but increases enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and anaplerotic pathways. Notably both argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), essential for cellular synthesis of arginine, and its substrate aspartate, are elevated in BAP1w-/KO MeT5A cells. Likewise, ASS1 expression is higher in BAP1-altered MPM cell lines, and inversely correlates with BAP1 in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) MESO dataset. Elevated ASS1 is also evident by immunohistochemical staining in epithelioid MPM lacking nuclear BAP1 expression, with improved survival amongst patients with BAP1-negative/ASS1-expressing tumours. Alterations in arginine metabolism may sensitise cells to metabolic drugs and we find that BAP1-negative/ASS1-expressing MPM cell lines are more sensitive to ASS1 inhibition, although not to inhibition of purine synthesis by mizoribine. Importantly, BAP1w-/KO MeT5A become desensitised to arginine-deprivation by pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20), phenocopying BAP1-negative/ASS1-expressing MPM cell lines. Implications: Our data reveal an inter-relationship between BAP1 and arginine metabolism, providing a potential means of identifying epithelioid MPM patients likely to benefit from ADI-PEG20.</jats:p

Cardiovascular Efficacy and Safety of Bococizumab in High-Risk Patients

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