Banks’ buffer capital: How important is risk?

Most banks hold a capital to asset ratio well above the required minimum defined by the present capital adequacy regulation (Basel I). Using bank-level panel data from Norway, important hypotheses concerning the determination of the buffer capital are analysed. Focus is on the importance of: (i) risk, particularly credit risk, (ii) the buffer as an insurance, (iii) the competition effect, (iv) supervisory discipline, and (v) economic growth. A negative or nonsignificant risk effect is found, which suggests that introducing a more risk-sensitive capital regulation (Basel II) is likely to affect Norwegian banks. Support is found for the hypothesis that buffer capital serves as an insurance against failure to meet the capital requirements.Banking; Excess capital; Risk; Panel data

UNDERSTANDING THE DEMAND SIDE AND COORDINATING THE SUPPLY SIDE FOR CONNECTED GOODS AND SERVICES

regional development, multifunctionality, municipalities, demand, coordination, networks, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance,

Tracking Nature Inscribed : Nature in rights and bureaucratic

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The Effect of Color on Consumer WTP for Farmed Salmon

Atlantic salmon is recognized for its pink-red color. The color is due to deposition of color pigments in the muscles. Wild salmon absorb the pink-red color pigment astaxanthin from the crustaceans they eat. To impart the pink-red color in farmed salmon, synthetically produced astaxanthin is added to their feed. The more astaxanthin, the redder the flesh becomes. In conventional salmon farming, the relatively expensive astaxanthin constitutes approximately 15% of the total feed costs. In this study, we use a stated choice experiment with pictures to investigate consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for salmon with different degrees of redness. The results show that consumer WTP increases with the redness of the salmon. However, when consumers were informed about the origin of the color, the WTP for the above-normal-red salmon was reduced.choice experiment, color, mixed logit, salmon, WTP, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q13, Q22,

None-of-These Bias in Stated Choice Experiments

We conduct a within-sample test of hypothetical bias and parameter equality between a hypothetical stated choice (SC) experiment using pictures and a real choice (RC) experiments using products. With exception of the none-of-these alternative-specific dummy, we cannot reject parameter equality between the two datasets. However, when we estimate the models separately with no parameter restrictions, the SC experiment gave WTP estimates that were approximately 50 percent higher and marginal WTP estimates that were almost two times as high as the corresponding estimates from the RC experiment. However, even though the monetary value of the WTP disparity was large, the disparity between the WTP estimates from the two data sets was not statistically significant.choice experiment, hypothetical bias, color, mixed logit, salmon, willingness to pay, Consumer/Household Economics, C81, C93, D12, Q22,

Evaluation of macroeconomic models for financial stability analysis

As financial stability has gained focus in economic policymaking, the demand for analyses of financial stability and the consequences of economic policy has increased. Alternative macroeconomic models are available for policy analyses, and this paper evaluates the usefulness of some models from the perspective of financial stability. Financial stability analyses are complicated by the lack of a clear and consensus definition of ‘financial stability’, and the paper concludes that operational definitions of this term must be expected to vary across alternative models. Furthermore, since assessment of financial stability in general is based on a wide range of risk factors, one can not expect one single model to satisfactorily capture all the risk factors. Rather, a suite of models is needed. This is in particular true for the evaluation of risk factors originating and developing inside and outside the financial system respectively.Financial stability; Banks; Default; Macroeconomic models; Policy

Vekst - Ivaretakelse - Trivsel. Evaluering av VIT et hjelpetiltak i barneverntjenesten i Ålesund kommune

-Rapporten omhandler evalueringen av VIT. Resultater fra spørreskjema og intervjuer formidles. Til slutt i rapporten kommer vi med noen anbefalinger knyttet til veiledningen, foreldrenes rolle, barnets rolle, involvering av privat nettverk, oppfølging etter avsluttet tiltak og vedlikehold av kunnskap

Er kvinneandel viktig for kvinners medvirkning og innflytelse i styrer?

I denne artikkelen studerer vi kvinners deltakelse og innflytelse i norske styrer. Vi undersøker hvorvidt det enkelte kvinnelige styremedlems deltakelse og innflytelse har sammenheng med kvinneandelen i styret. Vi spurte 458 kvinner i norske styrer om deres erfaringer, og fikk svar fra styrer der kvinneandeler varierer fra 11 prosent til 100 prosent. Vi har to hovedfunn. For det første opplever kvinnene i gjennomsnitt at de i stor grad deltar i informasjonsutvekslingen i styret, at de i liten grad sensurerer egne meninger, og at de har høy grad av innflytelse i styrene. Samtidig finner vi at økt kvinneandel bidrar til at kvinner erfarer høyere grad av informasjonsutveksling, mer deltakelse i uformell omgang utenom møtene samt økt innflytelse. Vi konkluderer med at økt kvinneandel i et styre styrker den enkelte kvinnes opplevelse av medvirkning i og innflytelse på beslutninger i styret

CONSUMERS' WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR THE COLOR OF SALMON:A CHOICE EXPERIMENT WITH REAL ECONOMIC INCENTIVES

We designed an experimental market with posted prices to investigate consumers' willingness to pay for the color of salmon. Salmon fillets varying in color and price were displayed in 20 choice scenarios. In each scenario, the participants chose which of two salmon fillets they wanted to buy. To induce real economic incentives, each participant drew one unique binding scenario; the participants then had to buy the salmon fillet they had chosen in their binding scenario.Consumer/Household Economics,