The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Translation and Validation in University Students

El propósito de esta investigación ha sido traducir al español y analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg (RSES) en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios. El análisis factorial confirmatorio confirmó que el modelo que mejor se ajusta a los datos tanto en la muestra total como en las submuestras de hombres y mujeres tiene una estructura unifactorial con efectos de método en los ítems formulados en positivo. Los resultados indican correlaciones positivas y fuertes entre la autoestima y cinco dimensiones del autoconcepto. Además, la escala ha mostrado niveles satisfactorios de consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal tras un periodo de cuatro semanas. Finalmente, se han obtenido diferencias de género significativas. Estos resultados apoyan el uso de la RSES para evaluar la autoestima en el contexto educativo universitario.The aim of this study was to translate into Spanish and to validate the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), completed by 420 university students. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the model that best fit the data, both in the total sample and in the male and female subsamples, was the one-factor structure with method effects associated with positively worded items. The results indicated high, positive correlations between self-esteem and the five dimensions of selfconcept. The scale showed satisfactory levels of internal consistency and temporal stability over a four-week period. Lastly, gender differences were obtained. These findings support the use of the RSES for the assessment of self-esteem in higher education

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Translation and Validation in University Students

El propósito de esta investigación ha sido traducir al español y analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg (RSES) en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios. El análisis factorial confirmatorio confirmó que el modelo que mejor se ajusta a los datos tanto en la muestra total como en las submuestras de hombres y mujeres tiene una estructura unifactorial con efectos de método en los ítems formulados en positivo. Los resultados indican correlaciones positivas y fuertes entre la autoestima y cinco dimensiones del autoconcepto. Además, la escala ha mostrado niveles satisfactorios de consistencia interna y estabilidad... (Ver más) temporal tras un periodo de cuatro semanas. Finalmente, se han obtenido diferencias de género significativas. Estos resultados apoyan el uso de la RSES para evaluar la autoestima en el contexto educativo universitarioThe aim of this study was to translate into Spanish and to validate the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), completed by 420 university students. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the model that best fit the data, both in the total sample and in the male and female subsamples, was the one-factor structure with method effects associated with positively worded items. The results indicated high, positive correlations between self-esteem and the five dimensions of selfconcept. The scale showed satisfactory levels of internal consistency and temporal stability over a four-week period. Lastly, gender differences were obtained. These findings... (Ver más) support the use of the RSES for the assessment of self-esteem in higher educatio

Traducción y validación preliminar de la versión española de la escala de motivación global

According to the Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation (Vallerand, 1997) there are three levels of generality that allow studying the motivation more accurately: global, contextual and situational. The global level generally settles in people`s life and deals with individual differences that remain relatively stable over time. The aim of this study was to translate into Spanish and to analyze the psychometric properties of the Global Motivation Scale (Guay, Blais, Vallerand and Pelletier, 1999) in a sample of 237 university students. We performed the reverse translation technique. We carried out a descriptive analysis of the items of the GMS, a correlations analysis of the seven factors that form the scale and a confirmatory factor analysis to determine construct validity. Finally, we carried out an analysis of the internal consistency to determine the reliability. Results showed, in general, the continuum proposed by the self-determination theory, confirmed the structure of seven factors and showed satisfactory levels of internal consistency. In conclusion, results preliminary supported the use of the GMS to assess the global motivation.Según el modelo jerárquico de la motivación intrínseca y extrínseca (Vallerand, 1997) existen tres niveles de generalidad que permiten estudiar la motivación con mayor precisión: global, contextual y situacional. El nivel global se establece de forma general en la vida de las personas y trata de las diferencias individuales que permanecen relativamente estables a lo largo del tiempo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue traducir al español y analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Global Motivation Scale (Guay, Blais, Vallerand y Pelletier, 1999) en una muestra de 237 estudiantes universitarios. Se realizó la estrategia de traducción inversa, denominándose Escala de Motivación Global (EMG). Se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo de los ítems de la EMG, un análisis de correlaciones de los siete factores que configuran la escala y un análisis factorial confirmatorio para determinar la validez de constructo. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis de la consistencia interna para determinar la evidencia de fiabilidad. Los resultados demuestran, en general, el continuo propuesto por la teoría de la autodeterminación, confirman la estructura de siete factores y muestran niveles satisfactorios de consistencia interna. Estos resultados apoyan, de forma preliminar, el uso de la EMG para la evaluación de la motivación global

Translation and preliminary validation of the Spanish version of the global motivation scale

Según el modelo jerárquico de la motivación intrínseca y extrínseca (Vallerand, 1997) existen tres niveles de generalidad que permiten estudiar la motivación con mayor precisión: global, contextual y situacional. El nivel global se establece de forma general en la vida de las personas y trata de las diferencias individuales que permanecen relativamente estables a lo largo del tiempo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue traducir al español y analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Global Motivation Scale (Guay, Blais, Vallerand y Pelletier, 1999) en una muestra de 237 estudiantes universitarios. Se realizó la estrategia de traducción inversa, denominándose Escala de Motivación Global (EMG). Se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo de los ítems de la EMG, un análisis de correlaciones de los siete factores que configuran la escala y un análisis factorial confirmatorio para determinar la validez de constructo. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis de la consistencia interna para determinar la evidencia de fiabilidad. Los resultados demuestran, en general, el continuo propuesto por la teoría de la autodeterminación, confirman la estructura de siete factores y muestran niveles satisfactorios de consistencia interna. Estos resultados apoyan, de forma preliminar, el uso de la EMG para la evaluación de la motivación global.According to the Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation (Vallerand, 1997) there are three levels of generality that allow studying the motivation more accurately: global, contextual and situational. The global level generally settles in people`s life and deals with individual differences that remain relatively stable over time. The aim of this study was to translate into Spanish and to analyze the psychometric properties of the Global Motivation Scale (Guay, Blais, Vallerand and Pelletier, 1999) in a sample of 237 university students. We performed the reverse translation technique. We carried out a descriptive analysis of the items of the GMS, a correlations analysis of the seven factors that form the scale and a confirmatory factor analysis to determine construct validity. Finally, we carried out an analysis of the internal consistency to determine the reliability. Results showed, in general, the continuum proposed by the self-determination theory, confirmed the structure of seven factors and showed satisfactory levels of internal consistency. In conclusion, results preliminary supported the use of the GMS to assess the global motivation.peerReviewe

Relación entre autoconcepto y ansiedad en estudiantes universitarios

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las correlaciones existentes entre cinco dimensiones del autoconcepto, la ansiedad rasgo y la ansiedad estado teniendo en cuenta el género como variable criterio.The objective of this paper is to analyze the correlations between five dimensions of self-concept, trait anxiety and state anxiety taking into account gender as a criterion variable.peerReviewe

Biodistribution of 68/67Ga-Radiolabeled Sphingolipid Nanoemulsions by PET and SPECT Imaging

Non-invasive imaging methodologies, especially nuclear imaging techniques, have undergone an extraordinary development over the last years. Interest in the development of innovative tracers has prompted the emergence of new nanomaterials with a focus on nuclear imaging and therapeutical applications. Among others, organic nanoparticles are of the highest interest due to their translational potential related to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Our group has developed a promising new type of biocompatible nanomaterials, sphingomyelin nanoemulsions (SNs). The aim of this study is to explore the potential of SNs for nuclear imaging applications.Authors thank the financial support given by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (PI15/00828, PI18/00176 and DTS18/00133), by ERA-NET EURONANOMED III project METASTARG (AC18/00045) and by Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC, IDEAS18153DELA). The first author also acknowledges the financial support from Axencia Galega de Innovación (GAIN) and Xunta de Galicia (IN848C_20170721_7) and ISCII (FI19/00206).Peer reviewe