The Experience of Students with Different Mother Tongues with University Education in the Czech Republic

5 Abstract Diploma thesis "The Experience of students with a different mother tongues with a university education in the Czech Republic (the case of pedagogical disciplines)" deals with the problems of Higher education of foreign students at Czech universities. Notes the problems encountered by foreign students during their studies, including language and communication barriers. The aim of the theoretical part is to describe the possibility of access to tertiary education in the Czech Republic for foreign students. Also to describe the problems encountered by the students at the high school and on the territory of the Czech republic and also options how to help these students. The theoretical part is also focused on the scientific examination of the mastery of the mother tongue and the second language, and on the concept of the language barrier. The aim of the empirical part is to determine the experiences of foreign students with higher education in the Czech Republic, using the design of qualitative research and the use of semi- structured interviews. The group of respondents is formed of five foreign students with a different native language, who come from third countries (Ukraine, Russia) and who study at Czech universities full pedagogic degree programme from the first year to graduation. Research was...4 Abstrakt Diplomová práce "Zkušenosti studentů s odlišným mateřským jazykem s vysokoškolským vzděláváním v České republice (případ pedagogických oborů)" se zabývá problematikou vysokoškolského studia zahraničních studentů na českých vysokých školách. Všímá si problémů, se kterými se setkávají během studia, a to včetně jazykových a komunikačních bariér. Cílem teoretické části je popsat možnosti přístupu zahraničních studentů k terciárnímu vzdělávání v ČR, problémy, se kterými se setkávají na vysoké škole na území ČR a také možnosti pomoci těmto studentům. Teoretická část se také zaměřuje jednak na vědecké zkoumání osvojování mateřského a druhého jazyka, jednak na pojetí jazykové bariéry. Cílem empirické části je pomocí designu kvalitativního výzkumu a využití polostrukturovaných rozhovorů zjistit zkušenosti zahraničních studentů s vysokoškolským vzděláváním v ČR. Soubor respondentů tvoří skupina pěti zahraničních studentů s odlišným mateřským jazykem, kteří pochází z třetích zemí (Ukrajina, Rusko) a studují na českých vysokých školách celý pedagogický studijní program od prvního ročníku po získání titulu. Výzkumu se zúčastnili zahraniční studenti z různých pedagogických oborů bakalářského a navazujícího magisterského studia. Pomocí kvalitativní analýzy dat se zjišťují reflexe a názory studentů na zkušenosti...Katedra pedagogikyDepartment of EducationFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult

Heavy metal distribution in the soils and benthal deposits of the seym basin

Benthal deposits form under climatic, chemical, physical, biological, mechanical, and hydrological influences in water bodies and their surfaces. An analysis of the benthal deposits is integral for assessing the pollution rate in a water body as it indicates the extent of an anthropogenic impact on it. However, the existing methods of benthal deposit analysis are highly underdeveloped. This research aims to estimate the heavy metal pollution in benthal deposits of the Zheleznogorsk region headwaters, Kursk Region. In order to achieve the set goal, the authors formulated the following objectives: (1) to assess the benthal deposit pollution rate via the regional St. Petersburg assessment method (1996); (2) to assess the benthal deposit pollution rate via pollutant threshold limit values for soils; (3) to identify the top priority pollutants of the benthal deposits in the researched headwaters; and (4) to identify factors of heavy metal flow in benthal deposits. The research results revealed the inadequacy of soil sanitary norms applied to benthal deposits. At the same time, the regional St.Petersburg method has broader possibilities of application in the assessment of benthal deposits. However, it requires adjustment to the environmental conditions of the Central Black Earth zone due to composition differences between soils and benthal deposits. The following metals exceeded the ambient content level in the benthal deposits of Zheleznogorsk region headwaters, Kursk Region: chrome, nickel, iron, and zinc. High iron content in rivers has been registered both in the proximity of the Mikhailovsky mining and processing plant [MMPP] and quarry and in headwaters located near the living areas of Zheleznogorsk far higher than the MMPP. All the water collection basins reviewed in this study demonstrated an even distribution of pollutants with no major divergence from the norm around the MMPP-related objects. However, the pollutant concentration exceeded the limit near all the living areas

The new laboratorial criterias in differential diagnostics

Purpose: The retrieval of informative laboratorial criteria of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and its aftereffects diagnostics for the reason of water homeostasis assessment and oxygen transportation blood function at patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and postinfarction cardiosclerosis.Matherials and Methods: For the investigation were selected whole blood, plasma and erythrocytes of 200 patients. During the investigation were tested water fractions, content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerat, ectoglobular hemoglobin, the activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.Results: It was established different types of changes in water homeostasis at patients with acute myocardial infarction and postinfarction cardiosclerosis. It was revealed that in acute period of coronary catastrophe the level of bond water has risen both in whole blood and plasma that is compensator adaptive mechanism to prevent cellular dehydration. The prominent elevation of free fraction of water was found at patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis that possibly is a leading reason of blood cells and cardiomyocytes hyperhydration

Механизм образования и исследование свойств белого слоя в высокоуглеродистой рельсовой стали М76

High-frequency vibrations resulting from many factors under loads existing in the wheel-rail system have a huge impact on the structure and properties of rail steel: there are signifi contact stresses in the surface layer that affect strength characteristics and overall fatigue of the railway track structure. Such an impact results, in particular, in the formation of the so-called White Layer (WL): a hardened layer on the surface of the base material, resistant to chemical etching, and having high hardness (above 1000 HV) and brittleness.The objective of the research was to study the features of the formation mechanism, as well as the properties of the white layer formed on the metal surface using an integrated approach, namely, of destructive testing methods, electron microscopy, XRD, metallography, and microhardness measurements.The reliability of experimental studies is due to the use of standardised test methods, developed methods of destructive and non-destructive testing in the main areas, the involvement of an accredited and certified laboratory, which makes it possible to fulfill in full the tasks set with appropriate quality.The results of the research allowed to present an analysis of the white layer, the formation of which took place in high-carbon M76 rail steel after cyclic tests with a 20 kHz frequency. The morphology, phase composition, and microhardness of these inclusions have been studied in detail in comparison with the base metal. It is shown that the white layer is highly dispersed, pearlitelike, featureless inclusions of a ferrite-cementite structure, while their microhardness is 3–4 times higher than the original steel and is of 1000–1200 HV. A possible explication of a mechanism of the formation of a white layer is suggested: crushing of ferrite and cementite, which are part of pearlite, without intermediate phase transformations.Высокочастотные вибрации, возникающие в результате многих факторов при действующих нагрузках в системе «колесо–рельс», оказывают огромное влияние на структуру и свойства рельсовой стали – возникают значительные контактные напряжения в поверхностном слое, влияющие на прочностные характеристики и общую усталость конструкции железнодорожного пути. Результатом такого воздействия, в частности, является образование так называемого «белого слоя» (White Layer, WL) – упрочнённого слоя на поверхности основного материала, устойчивого к химическому травлению и имеющего высокую твёрдость (выше 1000 HV) и хрупкость.Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение особенностей механизма формирования, а также свойства образующегося на поверхности металла белого слоя с применением комплексного подхода, а именно: разрушающих методов контроля, методов электронной микроскопии, рентгенофазового анализа, металлографических методов и методов микротвёрдости.Достоверность экспериментальных исследований обусловлена использованием стандартизированных методов испытаний, разработанными методами разрушающих и неразрушающих испытаний по основным направлениям, наличием аккредитованной и аттестованной лаборатории, что дало возможность в полном объёме и соответствующем качестве достичь поставленных задач.По результатам исследований представлен анализ белого слоя, формирование которого имело место в высокоуглеродистой рельсовой стали М76 после циклических испытаний с частотой 20 кГц. Детально изучена морфология, фазовый состав и микротвёрдость данных включений в сравнении с базовым металлом. Показано, что белый слой представляет собой высокодисперсные, перлитообразные, безликие включениия феррито-цементитной структуры, причём их микротвёрдость в 3–4 раза выше исходной стали и составляет 1000–1200 HV. Предложен возможный механизм формирования белого слоя: дробление феррита и цементита, входящих в состав перлита, без промежуточных фазовых превращений

Intensifity of Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status at Patients with Different Types of Cardiovascular Disease

Purpose: The estimation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status at patients with acute form of myocardial infarction and postinfarction cardiosclerosis.Materials and Methods: Erythrocytes and plasma of venous blood were taken from 200 patients.Results: It was established that acute course of myocardial infarction characterized by intensification of lipid peroxidation. On our opinion, the hyperproduction of hydrogen peroxide is leading mechanism in vessel tense regulation. Tissue hypoxia was found at postinfarction cardiosclerosis, we suppose that it activates the tissue macrophages and stimulates the synthesis of intercellular matrix components.Summary: the orientation and degree of manifestation of activity changes of plasma and erythrocytic superoxide dismutase can serve as prognostic criterion of myocardial infarction

p53 Interacts with RNA Polymerase II through Its Core Domain and Impairs Pol II Processivity In Vivo

The tumor suppressor p53 principally functions as a gene-specific transcription factor. p53 triggers a variety of anti-proliferative programs by activating or repressing the transcription of effector genes in response to genotoxic stress. To date, much effort has been placed on understanding p53's ability to affect transcription in the context of its DNA-binding activity. How p53 regulates transcriptional output independent of DNA binding is less well understood. Here we provide evidence that human p53 can physically interact with the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) both in in vitro interaction assays and in whole cell extracts, and that this interaction is mediated (at least in part) through p53's core DNA-binding domain and the Ser5-phosphorylated CTD of Pol II. Ectopic expression of p53, combined with mutations in transcription elongation factors or exposure to drugs that inhibit Pol II elongation, elicit sickness or lethality in yeast cells. These phenotypes are suppressed by oncogenic point mutations within p53's core domain. The growth phenotypes raise the possibility that p53 impairs Pol II elongation. Consistent with this, a p53-dependent increase in Pol II density is seen at constitutively expressed genes without a concomitant increase in transcript accumulation. Additionally, p53-expressing yeast strains exhibit reduced transcriptional processivity at an episomal reporter gene; this inhibitory activity is abolished by a core domain point mutation. Our results suggest a novel mechanism by which p53 can regulate gene transcription, and a new biological function for its core domain that is susceptible to inactivation by oncogenic point mutations

Maf1, a New Player in the Regulation of Human RNA Polymerase III Transcription

BACKGROUND: Human RNA polymerase III (pol III) transcription is regulated by several factors, including the tumor suppressors P53 and Rb, and the proto-oncogene c-Myc. In yeast, which lacks these proteins, a central regulator of pol III transcription, called Maf1, has been described. Maf1 is required for repression of pol III transcription in response to several signal transduction pathways and is broadly conserved in eukaryotes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We show that human endogenous Maf1 can be co-immunoprecipitated with pol III and associates in vitro with two pol III subunits, the largest subunit RPC1 and the α-like subunit RPAC2. Maf1 represses pol III transcription in vitro and in vivo and is required for maximal pol III repression after exposure to MMS or rapamycin, treatments that both lead to Maf1 dephosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These data suggest that Maf1 is a major regulator of pol III transcription in human cells

The Experience of Students with Different Mother Tongues with University Education in the Czech Republic

5 Abstract Diploma thesis "The Experience of students with a different mother tongues with a university education in the Czech Republic (the case of pedagogical disciplines)" deals with the problems of Higher education of foreign students at Czech universities. Notes the problems encountered by foreign students during their studies, including language and communication barriers. The aim of the theoretical part is to describe the possibility of access to tertiary education in the Czech Republic for foreign students. Also to describe the problems encountered by the students at the high school and on the territory of the Czech republic and also options how to help these students. The theoretical part is also focused on the scientific examination of the mastery of the mother tongue and the second language, and on the concept of the language barrier. The aim of the empirical part is to determine the experiences of foreign students with higher education in the Czech Republic, using the design of qualitative research and the use of semi- structured interviews. The group of respondents is formed of five foreign students with a different native language, who come from third countries (Ukraine, Russia) and who study at Czech universities full pedagogic degree programme from the first year to graduation. Research was..