Quand la linguistique française ne saurait que se faire romane : du neuf dans le traitement étymologique du lexique héréditaire

International audienceSi l'historiographie linguistique doit citer un changement majeur dans la conception et la pratique de l'étymologie française au 20e siècle, c'est sans doute le remplacement de l'« étymologie-origine » par l'« étymologie-histoire ». Cette conception renouvelée de l'étymologie a généré une production nombreuse et de très grande qualité, qui fait du lexique français un des mieux étymologisés du monde. Cependant, la focalisation sur l'« étymologie-histoire » a eu une conséquence négative : ayant éliminé la technique de l'étymologie-origine de ses pratiques, la recherche étymologique a cru pouvoir abandonner aussi la réflexion portant sur l'origine comme partie de la technique de l'étymologie-histoire. La présente communication pose, pour la première fois depuis plusieurs générations, la question de la facette « origine » de l'étymologie du lexique héréditaire français : quelle étiquette glottonymique est-elle la plus adéquate ? comment convient-il de cerner le signifiant, le signifié et les caractéristiques morphosyntaxiques de l'étymon ? L'analyse débouche sur le constat qu'une étymologie du lexique héréditaire français qui est pensée – ou même qui se contente de s'exprimer – à l'intérieur même du français est vouée à l'échec. Dans ce domaine, en effet, la linguistique française ne peut pas être autarcique : c'est la grammaire comparée des parlers romans qui lui fournit le cadre approprié pour répondre aux questions qu'elle se pose

Exclusive B -> K^* l^+ l^- decay with polarized K^* and new physics effects

Using the most general, model independent effective Hamiltonian, the branching ratio of the (B -> K^* l^+ l^-) decay, when K^* meson is longitudinally or transversally polarized, is presented. The dependence of the branching ratio on the new Wilson coefficients, when K^* meson is polarized, is studied. It is observed that the branching ratio is very sensitive to the vector and tensor type interactions, which will be useful in search of new physics beyond the Standard Model.Comment: 13 pp, 6 figures (postscript formatted), LaTex formatte

General analysis of lepton polarizations in rare B -> K^* l^+ l^- decay beyond the standard model

The general analysis of lepton polarization asymmetries in rare B -> K^* l^+ l^- decay is investigated. Using the most general, model independent effective Hamiltonian, the general expressions of the longitudinal, normal and transversal polarization asymmetries for l^- and l^+ and combinations of them are presented. The dependence of lepton polarizations and their combinations on new Wilson coefficients are studied in detail. Our analysis shows that the lepton polarization asymmetries are very sensitive to the scalar and tensor type interactions, which will be very useful in looking for new physics beyond the standard model.Comment: 29 pp, 15 figure

More Model-Independent Analysis of b->s Processes

We study model-independently the implications of non-standard scalar and pseudoscalar interactions for the decays b ->s gamma, b -> s g, b -> s l^+l^- (l=e,mu) and B_s -> mu^+ mu^-. We find sizeable renormalization effects from scalar and pseudoscalar four-quark operators in the radiative decays and at O(alpha_s) in hadronic b decays. Constraints on the Wilson coefficients of an extended operator basis are worked out. Further, the ratios R_H = BR(B -> H mu^+ mu^-)/BR(B -> H e^+ e^-), for H=K^(*), X_s, and their correlations with B_s -> mu^+ mu^- decay are investigated. We show that the Standard Model prediction for these ratios defined with the same cut on the dilepton mass for electron and muon modes, R_H= 1 + O(m^2_mu/m^2_b), has a much smaller theoretical uncertainty (<1%) than the one for the individual branching fractions. The present experimental limit R_K < 1.2 puts constraints on scalar and pseudoscalar couplings, which are similar to the ones from current data on BR(B_s -> mu^+ mu^-). We find that new physics corrections to R_{K*} and R_{X_s} can reach 13% and 10%, respectively.Comment: 28 pages, 6 figures; Table 1 updated, two refs added (to appear in PRD

New physics effects to the lepton polarizations in the B -> K l^+ l^- decay

Using the general, model independent form of the effective Hamiltonian, the general expressions of the longitudinal, normal and transversal polarization asymmetries for (l^-) and (l^+) and combinations of them for the exclusive (B -> K l^+ l^-) decay are found. The sensitivity of lepton polarizations and their combinations on new Wilson coefficients are studied. It is found that there exist regions of Wilson coefficients for which the branching ratio coincides with the Standard Model result while the lepton polarizations differ substantially from the standard model prediction. Hence, studying lepton polarization in these regions of new Wilson coefficients can serve as a promising tool for establishing new physics beyond the Standard Model.Comment: 18 pp, 14 figures (postscript formatted), LaTex formatte

Long distance c→uγc \to u \gamma effects in weak radiative decays of D-mesons

We present a detailed analysis of the $D \to V \gamma$ transitions, using a model which combines heavy quark effective theory and the chiral Lagrangian approach and includes symmetry breaking. We notice that in addition to the previously considered s - channel annihilation and t - channel W - exchange, there is a long distance penguin - like $c \to u \gamma$ contribution in the t - channel of Cabibbo - suppressed modes. Its magnitude is determined by the size of symmetry breaking which we calculate with a vector dominance approach. Although smaller in magnitude, the penguin - like contribution would lead to sizeable effects in case of cancellations among the other contributions to the amplitude. Thus, it may invalidate suggested tests for beyond the standard model effects in these decays. We also indicate the range of expectations for the branching ratios of various $D \to V \gamma$ modes.Comment: 28 pages, Latex, 2 Figure

Madrigales y clavicordios. Algunos problemas terminológicos en torno a la música española del Siglo de Oro

Ce chapitre propose une réflexion autour de la transmission des termes musicaux « historiques » en espagnol à travers deux cas d’étude : les mots madrigal et clavicorde. Cette analyse permettra d’étudier à la fois leur usage courant ou singulier, ainsi que leur transmission et transformation au cours de l’histoire, depuis la période que l’on a l’habitude de nommer Renaissance jusqu’à nos jours, étant donné les difficultés que l’usage de ces mots comporte aujourd’hui

Exclusive semileptonic rare decays B−>(B ->_ (K,K^*) \ell^+ \ell^- in supersymmetric theories

The invariant mass spectrum, forward-backward asymmetry, and lepton polarizations of the exclusive processes $B\to K(K^*)\ell^+ \ell^-, \ell=\mu, \tau$ are analyzed under supersymmetric context. Special attention is paid to the effects of neutral Higgs bosons (NHBs). Our analysis shows that the branching ratio of the process \bkm can be quite largely modified by the effects of neutral Higgs bosons and the forward-backward asymmetry would not vanish. For the process \bksm, the lepton transverse polarization is quite sensitive to the effects of NHBs, while the invariant mass spectrum, forward-backward asymmetry, and lepton longitudinal polarization are not. For both \bkt and \bkst, the effects of NHBs are quite significant. The partial decay widths of these processes are also analyzed, and our analysis manifest that even taking into account the theoretical uncertainties in calculating weak form factors, the effects of NHBs could make SUSY shown up.Comment: Several references are added, typo are correcte

Looking for forward backward asymmetries in B→Kμ+μ−B\to K \mu^+ \mu^- and K+→π+μ+μ−K^+\to \pi^+\mu^+\mu^-

We investigate the possibility of scalar interaction affecting the forward backward asymmetry in the decay mode $B\to K \mu^+ \mu^-$. Using the scalar contribution and advocating Cheng-Sher type ansatz we obtain sizable forward backward asymmetry. Furthermore, we study the effect of the scalar interaction in $K^+ \to \pi^+ \mu^+ \mu^-$. It is pointed out that non-zero forward backward asymmetry in $B\to K l^+ l^-$, if found in future B-factories, may indicate the new physics in the scalar sector.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, version to appear in Phys. Letter.