pp→ppωpp\to pp\omega reaction near threshold

We analyze the total cross section data for $pp \to pp\omega$ near threshold measured recently at SATURNE. Using an effective range approximation for the on-shell $pp$ S-wave final state interaction we extract from these data the modulus $|\Omega| = 0.53$ fm$^4$ of the threshold transition amplitude $\Omega$. We present a calculation of various (tree-level) meson exchange diagrams contributing to $\Omega$. It is essential that $\omega$-emission from the anomalous $\omega\rho\pi$-vertex interferes destructively with $\omega$-emission from the proton lines. The contribution of scalar $\sigma$-meson exchange to $\Omega$ turns out to be negligibly small. Without introducing off-shell meson-nucleon form factors the experimental value $|\Omega|=0.53$ fm$^4$ can be reproduced with an $\omega N$-coupling constant of $g_{\omega N}=10.7$. The results of the present approach agree qualitatively with the J\"ulich model. We also perform a combined analysis of the reactions $pp\to pp\pi^0, pn\pi^+, pp\eta, pp\omega$ and $pn\to pn\eta$ near threshold.Comment: Latex-file 6 pages, 2 Figure

Ultrafast Optical-Pump Terahertz-Probe Spectroscopy of the Carrier Relaxation and Recombination Dynamics in Epitaxial Graphene

The ultrafast relaxation and recombination dynamics of photogenerated electrons and holes in epitaxial graphene are studied using optical-pump Terahertz-probe spectroscopy. The conductivity in graphene at Terahertz frequencies depends on the carrier concentration as well as the carrier distribution in energy. Time-resolved studies of the conductivity can therefore be used to probe the dynamics associated with carrier intraband relaxation and interband recombination. We report the electron-hole recombination times in epitaxial graphene for the first time. Our results show that carrier cooling occurs on sub-picosecond time scales and that interband recombination times are carrier density dependent.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

What have we learned from antiproton proton scattering?

From recent charge exchange measurements in the extreme forward direction, an independent and precise determination of the pion nucleon coupling constant is possible. This determination has reopened the debate on the value of this fundamental coupling constant of nuclear physics. Precise measurements of charge exchange observables at forward angles below 900 MeV/c would also give a better understanding of the long range part of the two-pion exchange potential. For example, the confirmation of the coherence of the tensor forces from the pion exchange and the isovector two-pion exchange would be very valuable. With the present data first attempts at an \NbarN partial wave analysis have been made where, as in nucleon nucleon scattering, the antinucleon nucleon high J partial waves are mainly given by one-pion exchange. Finally a recent \pbarp atomic cascade calculation and the fraction of P-state annihilation in gas targets is commented on.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, to be published in Nucl. Phy

Te covered Si(001): a variable surface reconstruction

At a given temperature, clean and adatom covered silicon surfaces usually exhibit well-defined reconstruction patterns. Our finite temperature ab-initio molecular dynamics calculations show that the tellurium covered Si(001) surface is an exception. Soft longitudinal modes of surface phonons due to the strongly anharmonic potential of the bridged tellurium atoms prevent the reconstruction structure from attaining any permanent, two dimensional periodic geometry. This explains why experiments attempting to find a definite model for the reconstruction have reached conflicting conclusions.Comment: 4 pages, 3 gif figure

The size of the proton - closing in on the radius puzzle

We analyze the recent electron-proton scattering data from Mainz using a dispersive framework that respects the constraints from analyticity and unitarity on the nucleon structure. We also perform a continued fraction analysis of these data. We find a small electric proton charge radius, r_E^p = 0.84_{-0.01}^{+0.01} fm, consistent with the recent determination from muonic hydrogen measurements and earlier dispersive analyses. We also extract the proton magnetic radius, r_M^p = 0.86_{-0.03}^{+0.02} fm, consistent with earlier determinations based on dispersion relations.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, fit improved, small modifications, section on continued fractions modified, conclusions on the proton charge radius unchanged, version accepted for publication in European Physical Journal

Functional approach to the electromagnetic response function: the Longitudinal Channel

In this paper we address the (charge) longitudinal electromagnetic response for a homogeneous system of nucleons interacting via meson exchanges in the functional framework. This approach warrants consistency if the calculation is carried on order-by-order in the mesonic loop expansion with RPA-dressed mesonic propagators. At the 1-loop order and considering pion, rho and omega exchanges we obtain a quenching of the response, in line with the experimental results.Comment: RevTeX, 18 figures available upon request - to be published in Physical Review

Quasi-Elastic Scattering in the Inclusive (3^3He, t) Reaction

The triton energy spectra of the charge-exchange $^{12}$C($^3$He,t) reaction at 2 GeV beam energy are analyzed in the quasi-elastic nucleon knock-out region. Considering that this region is mainly populated by the charge-exchange of a proton in $^3$He with a neutron in the target nucleus and the final proton going in the continuum, the cross-sections are written in the distorted-wave impulse approximation. The t-matrix for the elementary exchange process is constructed in the DWBA, using one pion- plus rho-exchange potential for the spin-isospin nucleon- nucleon potential. This t-matrix reproduces the experimental data on the elementary pn $\rightarrow$np process. The calculated cross-sections for the $^{12}$C($^3$He,t) reaction at $2^o$ to $7^o$ triton emission angle are compared with the corresponding experimental data, and are found in reasonable overall accord.Comment: 19 pages, latex, 11 postscript figures available at [email protected], submitted to Phy.Rev.

Spectroscopic evidence of odd frequency superconducting order

Spin filter superconducting S/I/N tunnel junctions (NbN/GdN/TiN) show a robust and pronounced zero bias conductance peak at low temperatures, the magnitude of which is several times the normal state conductance of the junction. Such a conductance anomaly is representative of unconventional superconductivity and is interpreted as a direct signature of an odd frequency superconducting order.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures + supplementary informatio

Role of Vector Mesons in High-Q^2 Lepton-Nucleon Scattering

The possible role played by vector mesons in inclusive deep inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering is investigated. In the context of the convolution model, we calculate self-consistently the scaling contribution to the nucleon structure function using the formalism of time-ordered perturbation theory in the infinite momentum frame. Our results indicate potentially significant effects only when the vector meson---nucleon form factor is very hard. Agreement with the experimental antiquark distributions, however, requires relatively soft form factors for the $\pi N$, $\rho N$ and $\omega N$ vertices.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures (available upon request); accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D, ADP-92-197/T12