Comparación de dos modelos de calibración para la determinación de grasas y proteínas en carne de bovino congelada mediante espectroscopia de infrarrojo cercano | Comparison of two models of calibration for determination of fat and protein in frozen bovine meat by near infrared spectroscopy

Se determinó el contenido de grasas y proteínas en muestras de carne de bovino congelada (n = 547) mediante espectroscopia de infrarrojo cercano de reflectancia, aplicando dos modelos para la calibración de dicha técnica: regresión por mínimos cuadrados parciales (RMCP) y regresión de los componentes principales (RCP), los cuales fueron verificados por validación cruzada. Como métodos de referencia, se realizaron las determinaciones analíticas vía húmeda de acuerdo con normas internacionales. En ambos modelos de calibración, el coeficiente de correlación múltiple y el error estándar de calibración fueron satisfactorios para cada uno de los componentes. No se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores de referencia y los determinados por infrarrojo cercano. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, cualquiera de los dos modelos de calibración empleados (RMCP y RCP) es adecuado para la determinación de los contenidos de grasa y proteína por espectroscopia de infrarrojo cercano, lo cual hace de esta técnica una alternativa viable a los métodos tradicionales de análisis.  Palabras clave: Infrarrojo cercano de reflectancia, modelos de calibración, validación.ABSTRACT The content of fat and protein in frozen bovine meat (n = 547) were determined by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), under a reflectance regimen. Two models for the calibration of this technique were applied: partial least squares regression (PLSR) and principal component regression (PCR), which were verified by cross validation. For reference, analytical wet determinations were performed according to international norms. In both calibration models, the multiple correlation coefficients (r) and the standard error of calibration (SEC) were satisfactory for each of the components. There were not statistically significant differences between references and predicted values. As a result, any of calibration models (PLSR, PCR) is suitable for the determination of the contents of fat and protein by NIRS, and this technique could be an alternative for conventional analytical methods. Key words: Reflectance near infrared spectroscopy, calibration models, validation

A Phytochemical Analysis of Espeletia nana Cuatrec. a Midget Espeletiinae from Paramo Ortiz, Venezuela

Espeletia nana Cuatrec is a resinous plant, member of the Espeletiinae Subtribe. It is a small size frailejón, 25cm high, found at Páramo Ortiz, Trujillo State, Venezuela. Leaves and roots were separately extracted with a 3:1 mixture of hexane-diethyl ether. Aliquotes of the acidic fractions were methylated and inspected by GC-MS. It was found that the resin from the leaves contained kaurenic acid (1a, 34.6%), grandiflorenic acid (2a, 40.1%), 15-ent-acetoxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (3a, 8%), and 15-hidroxy- ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (3a, 13%). The roots acid fraction contained 38% 1a, 39,6% 2b, 8.5% 3a, and 13.9% 4a. The GC-MS analysis of the leaves neutral fraction yielded 43% kaurenal (5), 3% kaurenol (6), 13% ruilopeziol (7a), 7% epi-ruilopeziol, 25% of nonacontane and 8% of entriacontane. On the other hand the roots resin contained 88%, 5.7% of 6, 2.5% 7a, 1.0% 7b, but only 1.5% of waxes. The bulk extracts were submitted to flash chromatography, leading to the isolation of pure kaurenes which were identified by direct comparison with authentic samples

From implicit to touching interaction by identification technologies: Towards tagging context

Intelligent environments need interactions capable of detecting users and providing them with good-quality contextual information. In this sense we adapt technologies, identifying and locating people for supporting their needs. However, it is necessary to analyze some important features in order to compare the implicit interaction, which is closer to the users and more natural, to a new interaction by contact. In this paper we present the adaptability of two technologies; Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) and Near Field Communication (NFC). In the first one, the interaction is more appropriate within intelligent environments but in the second one, the same RFID technology, placed in mobile phones, achieves some advantages that we consider to be an intermediate solution until the standardization of sensors arrives.Intelligent environments need interactions capable of detecting users and providing them with good-quality contextual information. In this sense we adapt technologies, identifying and locating people for supporting their needs. However, it is necessary to analyze some important features in order to compare the implicit interaction, which is closer to the users and more natural, to a new interaction by contact. In this paper we present the adaptability of two technologies; Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) and Near Field Communication (NFC). In the first one, the interaction is more appropriate within intelligent environments but in the second one, the same RFID technology, placed in mobile phones, achieves some advantages that we consider to be an intermediate solution until the standardization of sensors arrives

Prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome in a cardiac rehabilitation programme

Objetivo establecer la prevalencia y la gravedad de la enfermedad periodontal en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin comorbilidades, que ingresan al programa de rehabilitación cardíaca en la Fundación Clínica Shaio. Métodos se examinaron 83 pacientes con diagnóstico de síndrome coronario agudo sin comorbilidades y los siguientes diagnósticos: angina inestable (n = 27), infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (STEMI) (n = 34) e infarto de miocardio sin elevación del segmento ST (NSTEMI) (n = 22). La prevalencia y la gravedad de la enfermedad periodontal fueron evaluadas con el índice periodontal de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC). Se compararon entre los grupos índice clínico, placa, cálculo, hemorragia gingival, profundidad de sondaje y nivel de inserción clínica. Resultados la prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal fue del 97,6% y se observó periodontitis avanzada en el 38,3%. Los pacientes con STEMI mostraron la mayor gravedad de la periodontitis. Los índices clínicos inflamatorios de la enfermedad periodontal se elevaron en todos los grupos sin diferencias significativas. El nivel de inserción clínica no mostró diferencias significativas entre las condiciones cardíacas. Sin embargo, se observó mayor porcentaje de sitios con pérdida de inserción clínica (PIC) ≥ 6mm, y sitios con una profundidad de bolsas> 6mm, en pacientes con STEMI. Conclusión los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin comorbilidades, que ingresaron al programa de rehabilitación cardíaca para completar su tratamiento, tuvieron alta prevalencia y gravedad de la enfermedad periodontal. Es necesario hacer énfasis en el control de la enfermedad periodontal en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria.Objective To determine the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome with no comorbidities admitted to a cardiac rehabilitation programme in the Clínica Shaio Foundation, Colombia. Methods The study included a total of 83 patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome with no comorbidities and the following diagnoses: unstable angina (n = 27), ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (n = 34), and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (n = 22). The prevalence and severity of periodontal disease were evaluated using the Periodontal Index of the Centres for the Control and Prevention of Diseases. A between-group comparison was made of the clinical index, plaque, calculi, gingival bleeding, probing depth, and level of clinical attachment. Results The prevalence of periodontal disease was 97.6%, and advance periodontitis was observed in 38.3% of subjects. The patients with a STEMI showed more severe periodontitis. The inflammatory clinical indices of periodontal disease were increased in all groups, with no significant differences being observed. There were no significant differences between clinical attachment and heart conditions. However, it was observed that there was a higher percentage of locations with a loss of clinical attachment ≥ 6mm, and locations with bag depths> 6mm in patients with a STEMI. Conclusion The patients with acute coronary syndrome with no comorbidities, and who entered the cardiac rehabilitation programme to complete their treatment, had a high prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. The control of periodontal disease should be emphasised in patients with coronary disease

Heterosis y aptitud combinatoria para producción y calidad de forraje en seis poblaciones de maíz

Six corn populations drawn from outstanding forage quality germplasm, and 15 of their direct crosses were assessed in four sites located between 1,117 and 1,932 m asl. The purpose of the present study was to determine general and specific combining ability and mid parent heterosis for whole plant dry matter (TDM), ear dry matter (EDM), stover dry matter (SDM), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber content (NDF) and crude protein (CP). Populations showed significant differences for all dry matter yield characteristics, but not for forage quality, while crosses showed differences for EDM and IVDMD. General combining ability effects (GCA) were high and significant only for TDM, while specific combining ability effects (SCA) were significant for IVDMD. Population P3 had the highest GCA for TDM (0.66 t ha-1) and P5F for EDM (0.49 t ha-1). Early cross P1*P2 had the highest heterosis for TDM (17.6 %) and highly significant SCA effects for both TDM and IVDMD (1.48 t ha-1 and 22.6 g kg-1, respectively), while crosses P2*P5F, P1*P4 and P1*P6F had high mid parent heterosis for EDM, with values ranging from 18.6 % to 26.2 %. None of the crosses showed mid parent heterosis for forage traits of importance.Seis poblaciones de maíz derivadas de fuentes de germoplasma sobresalientes por sus cualidades forrajeras y sus 15 cruzas directas se evaluaron en cuatro localidades entre 1,117 y 1,932 m sobre el nivel del mar. El objetivo fue determinar la aptitud combinatoria general y específica, y la heterosis media para variables de producción: materia seca total (MST), de elote (MSEL) y de rastrojo (MSRAS) y variables de calidad del forraje: digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS), contenido de fibra detergente neutro (FDN) y proteína cruda (PC). Las poblaciones difirieron significativamente en las tres variables de producción, pero no en calidad forrajera, en cambio las cruzas difirieron en producción de MSEL y en DIVMS. Los efectos de aptitud combinatoria general (ACG) fueron significativos sólo para MST y MSEL, mientras que los efectos de aptitud combinatoria específica (ACE), lo fueron adicionalmente para DIVMS. La población P3 tuvo la mayor ACG para MST (0.66 t ha-1), y la población P5F para MSEL (0.49 t ha-1). La cruza precoz P1xP2 presentó la heterosis media más alta para MST con 17.6 % y efectos positivos y significativos de ACE para MST y DIVMS con valores de 1.48 t ha-1 y 22.6 g kg-1. En cambio, las cruzas P2xP5F, P1xP4 y P1xP6F tuvieron los valores de heterosis más altos para MSEL con valores de 18.1 a 26.2 %. Ninguna cruza tuvo heterosis media importante para caracteres de calidad de forraje

Early dysfunction of functional connectivity in healthy elderly with subjective memory complaints

It is still an open question whether subjective memory complaints (SMC) can actually be considered to be clinically relevant predictors for the development of an objective memory impairment and even dementia. There is growing evidence that suggests that SMC are associated with an increased risk of dementia and with the presence of biological correlates of early Alzheimer's disease. In this paper, in order to shed some light on this issue, we try to discern whether subjects with SMC showed a different profile of functional connectivity compared with subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy elderly subjects. In the present study, we compare the degree of synchronization of brain signals recorded with magnetoencephalography between three groups of subjects (56 in total): 19 with MCI, 12 with SMC and 25 healthy controls during a memory task. Synchronization likelihood, an index based on the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems, was used to measure functional connectivity. Briefly, results show that subjects with SMC have a very similar pattern of connectivity to control group, but on average, they present a lower synchronization value. These results could indicate that SMC are representing an initial stage with a hypo-synchronization (in comparison with the control group) where the brain system is still not compensating for the failing memory networks, but behaving as controls when compared with the MCI subjects

Mobile terrestrial laser scanner vs. UAV photogrammetry to estimate woody crop canopy parameters – Part 1: Methodology and comparison in vineyards

© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Characterizing crop canopies is especially important in the management of woody crops. In this article, two systems were compared to characterise a 50 m long vineyard row section. One of the systems was a mobile terrestrial laser scanner based on a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor (MTLS-LiDAR). The other was an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) based system using digital aerial photogrammetry (UAV-DAP). The resulting 3D point clouds were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Canopy heights, widths and volumes were obtained in 0.1 m long sections along the studied row. All the parameters derived from the two systems presented statistically significant differences. The coefficients of determination between systems were 0.619 for canopy maximum heights above ground level (agl), 0.686 for 90th percentile (P90) heights agl, and 0.283 and 0.274 for maximum and P90 vegetated heights, respectively. Coefficients of determination between averaged maximum canopy width and P90 canopy width were 0.328 and 0.317, respectively. Coefficients of determination between cross-sectional areas determined from maximum widths, P90 widths and from the occupancy grid method were 0.423, 0.409 and 0.334, respectively. Total canopy volume for the entire row obtained from the three cross section estimation methods differed between 19 m3 and 25 m3. The reasons found were that the MTLS-LiDAR-derived point cloud captured the canopy top and side variability but could be affected by occlusions, mixed pixels and tall grass-like weeds present in the surveyed area. For its part, the UAV-DAP-derived point cloud tended to miss top and side shoots and somewhat smoothed canopy variability. As neither of the systems is optimal, a balance needs to be found according to the specific requirements of the survey. For this purpose, a list of pros and cons is presented to support the selection of one of the two systems for canopy monitoring. The MTLS-LiDAR system should be chosen when high detail is required but small areas are to be scanned. Alternatively, the UAV-DAP system should be chosen when large areas are to be monitored and when canopy detail is not so important. Further results are presented in Part 2 for a larger area and including pear and peach orchards with different training systems. Future research is to be conducted on how the compared systems affect variability detection and support variable-rate prescriptions.This research was funded by the projects AGVANCE (AGL2013-48297-C2-2-R), PAgPROTECT (PID2021-126648OB-I00), DECIMAL (PID2020-113229RB-C41) and PRODIGIA (PID2020-113229RB-C44) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE.Peer reviewe

Construcción y despliegue de una metodología para el desarrollo de competencias de trabajo en equipo

La creciente importancia en los estudios universitarios de Grado y Máster de las competencias relacionadas con el trabajo en equipo plantea al profesorado la necesidad de adaptar sus metodologías docentes para facilitar el desarrollo de dicha competencia. Este proyecto reúne a un equipo de docentes de diferentes departamentos y facultades, que actualmente imparten asignaturas en las que se exige a los estudiantes trabajar en grupos. El interés del equipo por mejorar su labor docente a la hora de gestionar grupos de trabajo en el aula y fuera de ella motiva el presente proyecto de innovación docente

Innocampus Explora: Nuevas formas de comunicar ciencia

[EN] Innocampus Explora aims to show the students of the Burjassot-Paterna campus of the Universitat de València how the different scientific degrees are interrelated. To do this we propose activities in which students and teachers work together to cover the interdisciplinary nature of science, both in everyday and professional issues. Throughout this course the activities developed relate to new ways to communicate science. With the development of this project we contribute to a transversal quality education for all the participating students.[ES] Innocampus Explora tiene por objetivo mostrar a los estudiantes del campus de Burjassot-Paterna de la Universitat de València cómo los diferentes grados científicos están interrelacionados. Para ello proponemos actividades en las que estudiantes y profesores trabajen conjuntamente para abarcar la interdisciplinariedad de la ciencia, tanto en temas cotidianos como profesionales. A lo largo de este curso las actividades desarrolladas se relacionan con las nuevas formas de comunicar ciencia. Con el desarrollo de este proyecto contribuimos a una formación transversal de calidad para todos los estudiantes participantes.Moros Gregorio, J.; Rodrigo Martínez, P.; Torres Piedras, C.; Montoya Martínez, L.; Peña Peña, J.; Pla Díaz, M.; Galarza Jiménez, P.... (2019). Innocampus Explora: Nuevas formas de comunicar ciencia. En IN-RED 2019. V Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 814-823. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2019.2019.10449OCS81482

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group