Nivel de conocimiento y actitudes en prevención de tuberculosis pulmonar de usuarios del Hospital Leoncio Prado. Huamachuco - 2022

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la relación entre el nivel de conocimiento y actitudes sobre medidas preventivas de tuberculosis pulmonar en usuarios del Hospital Leoncio Prado, Huamachuco 2022. Estudio de tipo Bàsica, descriptivo, diseño no experimental de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 30 usuarios registrados en el Programa de control de Tuberculosis, la cual fue analizada al 100%. La técnica utilizada es la entrevista y el instrumento el cuestionario, la validez del instrumento se realizó a través de juicio de expertos y la confiabilidad con el coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach. Se creó una base de datos en Excel y el análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial en el programa SPSS versión 26. Se encontró un 26.7% de pacientes con nivel de conocimiento alto, 46.7% regular y 26.7% de nivel bajo; en relación a la actitud de aceptación hacia las medidas preventivas, un 46.7% con actitud de indiferencia y un 20% con actitud de rechazo. Se demostró que existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables nivel de conocimiento y actitudes sobre medidas preventivas de tuberculosis pulmonar. (p =0.005Tesi

Wind resource evolution in Europe under different scenarios of climate change characterised by the novel shared socioeconomic pathways

Wind energy is a fundamental pillar of the energy mix in Europe ? hence the need for understanding the evolution of the wind energy resource under climate change. For this purpose, near-, mid- and long-term wind speed projections from 18 global climate models are considered and a multi-model ensemble is constructed with the ones found to best reproduce past-present conditions. The evolution and temporal variability of wind power is investigated considering different climate change scenarios through the novel Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). More specifically, two SSPs are considered, each corresponding to its own socio-economic and political environment and, therefore, its own level of greenhouse emissions: SSP5-8.5 (highest emissions scenario) and SSP2-4.5 (intermediate emissions scenario). Both scenarios lead to a significant reduction (up to 35%) in wind power density in northern Continental Europe and the Central Mediterranean, and an increase of similar magnitude in West Finland. Over the Atlantic Ocean, Ireland and Britain the resource is also projected to decrease significantly. In other regions, however, the general trend (positive or negative) depends on the SSP scenario. This is the case, notably, of Central Europe, with considerable growth in SSP2-4.5 but some reduction in SSP5-8.5. Thus, in the intermediate emissions scenario (SSP2-4.5) both growth and decline in wind power density are forecast, depending on the region. By contrast, in the highest emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5) the forecast is a general decrease, of the order of 15% overall, with an annual rate of change of approximately ?0.2% and an increase in seasonal variability. These trends will affect the energy production of wind farms and, therefore, need to be accounted for in assessing wind power projects in Europe

Climate change impacts on wind energy resources in North America based on the CMIP6 projections

The mid-and long-term evolution of wind energy resources in North America is investigated by means of a multi model ensemble selected from 18 global climate models. The most recent scenarios of greenhouse gases emissions and land use, the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), are considered - more specifically, the SSP58.5 (intensive emissions) and SSP2-4.5 (moderate emissions). In both scenarios, onshore wind power density in the US and Canada is predicted to drop. Under SSP5-8.5, the reduction is of the order of 15% overall, reaching as much as 40% in certain northern regions - Quebec and Nunavut in Canada and Alaska in the US. Conversely, significant increases in wind power density are predicted in Hudson Bay (up to 25%), Texas and northern Mexico (up to 15%), southern Mexico and Central America (up to 30%). As for the intra-annual variability, it is poised to rise drastically, with monthly average wind power densities increasing up to 120% in certain months and decreasing up to 60% in others. These changes in both the mean value and the intra-annual variability of wind power density are of consequence for the Levelised Cost of Energy from wind, the planning of future investments and, more generally, the contribution of wind to the energy mix

Wave exploitability index and wave resource classification

The selection of areas for wave energy development requires a thorough characterisation of the resource. For all its importance, wave power should not be the only criterion, and overly emphasising its role to the detriment of other aspects may mislead developers to the wrong areas. In this work, a new approach is presented based on a combination of two elements: the Wave Exploitability Index (WEI), defined ad hoc, and a classification of the resource based on mean wave power. These elements are applied at a global scale using the ERA-5 database, which spans the period 1979-2019. The highest WEI values (0.14-0.22) are found to occur in the Tropics and mid-latitudes, which highlights their potential for wave energy exploitation. The lowest WEI values (below 0.06) are located in (semi)-enclosed seas, such as the Mediterranean Sea or the Gulf of Mexico. As regards the classification of the resource, Classes IV and V, with mean wave power over 40 kWm(-1), occur in areas which have aroused great interest but which often do not have high WEI values due to the resource variability (e.g., Western Europe); these areas are hardly ideal from the resource standpoint. Class I (below 10 kWm(-1)), typical of enclosed seas, is of little interest. Finally, Classes II and III (10-40 kWm(-1)) occur in areas open to the ocean in the lower and lower-middle latitudes (e.g., Chile, SW Australia); they present the highest WEI values, thus showing great potential, and have received scant attention so far

Multi-parameter analysis and mapping of the levelised cost of energy from floating offshore wind in the Mediterranean Sea

Floating offshore wind, far less constrained by water depths than bottom-fixed, has great potential in the Mediterranean Basin. The levelised cost of energy (LCOE) is arguably the single most reliable metric to measure the viability of energy projects. In this work, the levelised cost of energy for floating offshore wind is mapped for the first time in the European and Eastern Mediterranean with a detailed cost breakdown and a focus on semi-submersible platforms. A multi-parameter analysis is conducted in a case study to discern the effects of specific elements on the LCOE. Expressions are formulated as functions of site-specific variables: distance to shore, water depth and annual energy production. The latter is estimated accurately by combining the power curve of an exemplar wind turbine with hindcast, site-specific wind data. The mapping shows the paramount importance of the wind climate, i.e., the resource, for the LCOE. The lowest values (similar to 95 (sic)/MWh) occur where the wind resource is most abundant, i.e., the Gulf of Lion and the Aegean Sea. The highest values (>250 (sic)/MWh) are found where the resource is scarce, i.e., around the Balearic Islands and in the North Adriatic, Tyrrhenian and Levantine Seas. Moderate values of the LCOE (130-180 (sic)/MWh) occur off South Spain (Alboran Sea), Sardinia, Sicily and Malta, and in the South Adriatic. In addition to the local wind resource, other parameters that play a relevant role in the LCOE are those related to the production of energy (number of turbines in the wind farm and installed power), on the one hand, and to substantial sources of costs (cost of turbines and substructure), on the other, as well as the project lifetime and discount rate. These results identify hotspots for the deployment of floating offshore wind in the Mediterranean and opportunities for cost reductions, and contribute to decision-making in a region much in need of renewable energy

Determinación del comportamiento de la curva de lactancia y producción lechera del ganado Mestizo del Altiplano de la Provincia Omasuyos Departamento de La Paz

The present research work was conducted in eight communities, Municipality of Achacachi Omasuyos Province, withthe following objectives: i) calculate the parameters that describe the lactation curve in cows with and without stable. 20crossbred cows were selected (Holstein crosses with Criollo). 14 and 6 had stable without stable, all were in the last thirdof gestation to give birth in the months of January month end, February and March earlier this month, milk productionwas determined from birth until natural drying, their diet was based on native grasslands, pastures of alfalfa, oats andbarley (Green, hay and straw). The analysis of the results obtained have on average (a = 4.248, b = 0.348 and c = 0.006different Ticona (2001), possibly because the average current milk production is (10 kg / day). The average milk production to 305 days of lactation (DL - 305), in cows with stable was 3242.68 kg with an average daily production of 10.6 kg;while the average milk production to 305 days of lactation (PL - 305) in cows without stable was 2621.87 kg, with anaverage production of 8.6 kg per day. The model proposed by Wood (1967), It was adequate in determining the parameters that define the lactation curve in crossbred cows in the highlands, and to estimate milk production in the town ofAchacachi, Omasuyos province, department of La Paz.El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó en ocho comunidades municipio de Achacachi Provincia Omasuyos, conlos siguientes objetivos: i) Calcular los parámetros que describen la curva de lactancia en vacas con y sin establo. Seseleccionaron 20 vacas mestizas (cruza de Holstein con Criollo). 14 contaban con establo y 6 sin establo, todas estabanen el último tercio de gestación a parir en los meses de enero fin de mes, febrero y marzo inicios de mes, se determinó laproducción de leche a partir del parto hasta su secado natural, su alimentación estaba basada en praderas nativas, pasturasde alfalfa, avena y cebada (verde, heno y paja). El análisis de los resultados obtenido presentan en promedio (a=4.248,b=0.348 y c=0.006), diferente Ticona (2001), posiblemente debido a que los promedios de producción de leche actualeses de (10 kg/día). La producción promedio de leche a 305 días de lactancia (DL-305) en vacas con establo, fue de3242.68 kg con una producción promedio por día de 10,6 kg; en tanto la producción promedio de leche a 305 días delactancia (PL-305) en vacas sin establo fue de 2621.87 kg, con una producción promedio por día de 8.6 kg. El modelopropuesto por Wood (1967), resultó adecuado en la determinación de los parámetros que definen la curva de lactancia envacas mestizas del altiplano, así como para estimar la producción de leche en el municipio de Achacachi, provinciaOmasuyos, departamento de La Paz

Consideraciones clínicas y desenlaces quirúrgicos del cáncer asociado a implante mamario: Una enfermedad emergente de interés: Clinical considerations and surgical outcomes of breast implant-associated cancer: An emerging disease of interest

Breast cancer continues to be one of the main priorities in global health and public health, and remains the most frequent and deadly malignant neoplasm in women worldwide. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, whose pathogenesis and pathophysiology are not well known, but which is seen with increasing frequency due to the increase in cosmetic procedures. To date, there are limitations in terms of knowledge about the clinical behavior of the disease, which can manifest itself in many forms, with a variable evolution time and uncertain surgical outcomes in the medium- and long-term. Based on the above, the aim of this review is to summarize evidence on the clinical considerations and surgical outcomes of breast implant-associated cancer to facilitate the identification and management of this condition. A bibliographic search was performed in the search engines and databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, EBSCO and MEDLINE. Within the clinical and surgical considerations, the type of implant used (textured), the time of the implant history, the severity of the manifestations, and the staging, must be taken into account in order to determine the opportunity for surgical intervention and neoadjuvant therapy, and to try to guarantee survival and avoid recurrence. Patients who undergo complete capsulectomy with radiotherapy have better outcomes.El cáncer de mama sigue siendo una de las principales prioridades en salud global y salud pública y permanece como la neoplasia maligna más frecuente y mortal en mujeres en el mundo. El linfoma anaplásico de células grandes asociado a implante mamario (LACG-AIM) consiste en un linfoma no-Hodgkin de tipo raro, del cual se desconoce mucho sobre su patogenia y fisiopatología, pero que se ve cada vez con mayor frecuencia, debido al aumento de procedimientos estéticos. A la fecha, existen limitaciones en cuanto al conocimiento sobre el comportamiento clínico y se manifiesta de muchas formas, con un tiempo de evolución variable, y desenlaces quirúrgicos inciertos a mediano y largo plazo. Con base en lo anterior, el objetivo de esta revisión consiste en resumir evidencia sobre las consideraciones clínicas y desenlaces quirúrgicos del cáncer asociado a implante mamario, que faciliten la identificación y abordaje de esta condición. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en los motores de búsqueda y bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, EBSCO y MEDLINE. Dentro de las consideraciones clínicas y quirúrgicas, se debe tener en cuenta el tipo de implante utilizado (texturizado), el tiempo del antecedente del implante, la severidad de las manifestaciones y la estadificación, para poder determinar la oportunidad de intervención quirúrgica y terapia neoadyuvante e intentar garantizar la supervivencia y evitar recurrencia. Aquellos pacientes sometidos a capsulectomía completa acompañado de radioterapia tienen mejores desenlaces

Evaluación del efecto de suplemento de heno fortificado y concentrado en la producción de leche de bovinos (Bos taurus L.) durante la época seca en la comunidad Achaca-Tiahuanacu

The present study was carried out in the Achaca Community of the Municipality of Tiahuanacu, with the objective ofevaluating the effect of supplementation with fortified and concentrated hay on milk production, feed conversion, totalsolids and production costs in three periods (Control, adaptation and supplementation) during the dry season (Octoberand November). 12 Holstein mestizo cows were used between 4 and 6 months of lactation. The design used was completely randomized blocks with factorial arrangement of 2Ax3Bx (3) with three replicates. The average milk yield of4.69 kg of cows supplemented with fortified hay and 6.24 kg with concentrate were higher than the production of 3.94and 5.11 kg respectively in the adaptation period and finally the production of 3.58 and 3.42 kg in the control period. Thefeed conversion with fortified hay supplementation of 2.60 kg was greater than 2.12 and 1.90 kg respectively. While feedconversion between supplements was 1.61 and 1.78 kg with concentrate in the adaptation period and finally with 2.12and 2.60 kg with fortified hay in the supplementation period. The total solids content of 10.52 ⁰Brix was superior to theadaptation period of 10.30 ⁰Brix and control with 10.05 ⁰Brix. Meanwhile, total solids between supplements were 10.19⁰Brix with fortified hay and 10.39 ⁰Brix with concentrate.El presente trabajo de investigación, se ha realizado en la Comunidad Achaca del Municipio de Tiahuanacu, con elobjetivo de evaluar el efecto de suplementación con heno fortificado y concentrado sobre la producción de leche, conversión alimenticia, sólidos totales y costos de producción en tres periodos de tratamiento (testigo, adaptación y suplementación) durante la época seca (octubre y noviembre). Se han utilizado 12 vacas Mestizas Holstein entre 4 a 6 meses delactancia. El diseño utilizado fue bloques completamente al azar con arreglo factorial de 2Ax3Bx (3) con tres repeticiones. El promedio de producción de leche de 4.69 kg de vacas suplementadas con heno fortificado y 6.24 kg con concentrado, fueron superiores a la producción de 3.94 y 5.11 kg respectivamente en el periodo de adaptación y finalmente laproducción de 3.58 y 3.42 kg en el periodo de testigo. La conversión alimenticia con suplementación de heno fortificadode 2.60 kg fue superior a 2.12 y 1.90 kg respectivamente. Mientras la conversión alimenticia entre suplementos fue de1.61 y 1.78 kg con concentrado en el periodo de adaptación y finalmente con 2.12 y 2.60 kg con heno fortificado en elperiodo de suplementación. El contenido de sólidos totales de 10.52 ⁰Brix, fue superior al periodo de adaptación de10.30 ⁰Brix y testigo con 10.05 ⁰Brix. Mientras, los sólidos totales entre suplementos fueron de 10.19 ⁰Brix con henofortificado y 10.39 ⁰Brix con concentrado

Morphological variability of native maize (Zea mays L.) of the west highland of Puebla and east highland of Tlaxcala, Mexico

The objective of this research was to assess the morphological variability of maize landraces native of the west highland of Puebla and east highland of Tlaxcala, México, in order to, besides define it, related it to races, commercial varieties and with the altitude of the localities of seed collection. The genetic resources evaluated were 134 accessions collected in 34 localities, along with 10 controls. Experiments were established on three localities using a Lattice 12 x 12. Thirty-two morphological traits were analyzed, 27 of them resulting with highly significant differences, reflecting the high variability at the level of morphological characters, many of them of agronomic interest. From variance analysis 16 traits were selected for use in a cluster analysis through the Modified Localization Method, which joint the populations in six groups, most of them in the group 1, with morphological traits of long cycle varieties: high plants, with greater primary branches of the tassel, greater ear diameter and length, and greater grain length and width. The conclusions indicate that the morphological variability of Landraces is not associated with the altitude of localities of seed collection and that these have more relation with Chalqueño race, small with Conico race, absent with Conico Norteño and Palomero Toluqueño races and almost absent with commercial varieties.The objective of this research was to assess the morphological variability of maize landraces native of the west highland of Puebla and east highland of Tlaxcala, México, in order to, besides define it, related it to races, commercial varieties and with the altitude of the localities of seed collection. The genetic resources evaluated were 134 accessions collected in 34 localities, along with 10 controls. Experiments were established on three localities using a Lattice 12 x 12. Thirty-two morphological traits were analyzed, 27 of them resulting with highly significant differences, reflecting the high variability at the level of morphological characters, many of them of agronomic interest. From variance analysis 16 traits were selected for use in a cluster analysis through the Modified Localization Method, which joint the populations in six groups, most of them in the group 1, with morphological traits of long cycle varieties: high plants, with greater primary branches of the tassel, greater ear diameter and length, and greater grain length and width. The conclusions indicate that the morphological variability of Landraces is not associated with the altitude of localities of seed collection and that these have more relation with Chalqueño race, small with Conico race, absent with Conico Norteño and Palomero Toluqueño races and almost absent with commercial varieties

Application of In Vitro plant tissue culture techniques to halophyte species: A review

Halophytes are plants able to thrive in environments characterized by severe abiotic conditions, including high salinity and high light intensity, drought/flooding, and temperature fluctuations. Several species have ethnomedicinal uses, and some are currently explored as sources of food and cosmetic ingredients. Halophytes are considered important alternative cash crops to be used in sustainable saline production systems, due to their ability to grow in saline conditions where conventional glycophyte crops cannot, such as salt-affected soils and saline irrigation water. In vitro plant tissue culture (PTC) techniques have greatly contributed to industry and agriculture in the last century by exploiting the economic potential of several commercial crop plants. The application of PTC to selected halophyte species can thus contribute for developing innovative production systems and obtaining halophyte-based bioactive products. This work aimed to put together and review for the first time the most relevant information on the application of PTC to halophytes. Several protocols were established for the micropropagation of different species. Various explant types have been used as starting materials (e.g., basal shoots and nodes, cotyledons, epicotyls, inflorescence, internodal segments, leaves, roots, rhizomes, stems, shoot tips, or zygotic embryos), involving different micropropagation techniques (e.g., node culture, direct or indirect shoot neoformation, caulogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, rooting, acclimatization, germplasm conservation and cryopreservation, and callogenesis and cell suspension cultures). In vitro systems were also used to study physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes in halophytes, such as functional and salt-tolerance studies. Thus, the application of PTC to halophytes may be used to improve their controlled multiplication and the selection of desired traits for the in vitro production of plants enriched in nutritional and functional components, as well as for the study of their resistance to salt stress.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio