Summary of directional divergence characteristics of several high performance aircraft configurations

The present paper summarizes the high-angle-of-attack characteristics of a number of high-performance aircraft as determined from model force tests and free-flight model tests and correlates these characteristics with the dynamic directional-stability parameter. This correlation shows that the dynamic directional-stability parameter correlates fairly well with directional divergence. Data are also presented to show the effect of some airframe modifications on the directional divergence potential of the configuration. These results show that leading-edge slates seem to be the most effective airframe modification for reducing or eliminating the directional divergence potential of aircraft with moderately swept wings

The effect of light intensity and temperature on berry growth and sugar accumulation in Vitis vinifera 'Shiraz' under vineyard conditions

Temperature and light are key climatic factors which affect grapevine physiology in the growing season. Our aim was to investigate the interactive effects of temperature and light intensity on reproductive growth responses of 'Shiraz' vines in vineyard conditions. Well-watered vines were covered with no shade, light, medium and heavy shade covers in a vineyard over three consecutive seasons. Several heat events, i.e., air temperatures exceeding 40 °C for several days, occurred in two of the seasons. Heavy shade reduced canopy temperatures by 3.2-6 °C in the cooler season and by 4-6 °C in the warmer seasons, relative to air temperature and compared with the open canopy. The onset of berry growth was delayed by the heavy shade but the rate of sugar accumulation was not affected. During the season with the most severe heat events, berry dry matter accumulation was significantly higher in the shaded treatments compared to the unshaded vines. The hypothesis was confirmed that medium and heavy shade conferred high levels of protection on the berry ripening process from high summer temperatures and the concurrent exposure to light intensities

Susceptibility of Chardonnay grapes to sunburn

Research Not

Functionalized 3D Architected Materials via Thiol-Michael Addition and Two-Photon Lithography

Fabrication of functionalized 3D architected materials is achieved by a facile method using functionalized acrylates synthesized via thiol-Michael addition, which are then polymerized using two-photon lithography. A wide variety of functional groups can be attached, from Boc-protected amines to fluoroalkanes. Modification of surface wetting properties and conjugation with fluorescent tags are demonstrated to highlight the potential applications of this technique

How will Brexit affect health and health services in the UK? Evaluating three possible scenarios against the WHO health system building blocks

The process of leaving the European Union (EU) will have profound consequences for health and the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK. In this paper, we use the WHO health system building blocks framework to assess the likely effects of three scenarios we term soft Brexit, hard Brexit, and failed Brexit. We conclude that each scenario poses substantial threats. The workforce of the NHS is heavily reliant on EU staff. Financing of health care for UK citizens in the EU and vice versa is threatened, as is access to some capital funds, while Brexit threatens overall economic performance. Access to pharmaceuticals, technology, blood, and organs for transplant is jeopardised. Information used for international comparisons is threatened, as is service delivery, especially in Northern Ireland. Governance concerns relate to public health, competition and trade law, and research. However, we identified a few potential opportunities for improvement in areas such as competition law and flexibility of training, should the UK Government take them. Overall, a soft version of Brexit would minimise health threats whereas failed Brexit would be the riskiest outcome. Effective parliamentary scrutiny of policy and legal changes will be essential, but the scale of the task risks overwhelming parliament and the civil service

Labelling, Deviance and Media

Labelling theory is a perspective that emerged as a distinctive approach to criminology during the 1960s, and was a major seedbed of the radical and critical perspectives that became prominent in the 1970s. It represented the highpoint of an epistemological shift within the social sciences away from positivism – which had dominated criminological enquiry since the late-1800s – and toward an altogether more relativistic stance on the categories and concepts of crime and control. It inspired a huge amount of work throughout the 1960s and 1970s, and still resonates powerfully today. This short chapter maps out some of the ways in which labelling, deviance, media and justice interact at the levels of definition and process. It presents an overview and analysis of key mediatised labelling processes, such as the highly influential concept of moral panics. It discusses how the interconnections between labelling, crime and criminal justice are changing in a context of technological development, cultural change and media proliferation. The conclusion offers an assessment and evaluation of labelling theory’s long-term impact on criminology

Mineral sinks within ripening grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.)

Trends in the accumulation of mineral elements into the grape berry components give information about vascular flow into the berry. Shiraz berries were dissected into receptacle, skin, pulp, brush and seeds and the accumulation of 10 mineral elements into these components was followed through development. The elements were separated into two categories according to their accumulation pattern into the berry. The first group of elements continued to accumulate throughout berry growth and ripening, and was comprised of  phloem-mobile potassium, phosphorus, sulphur, magnesium, boron, iron and copper. The second group of elements accumulated mostly prior to veraison, and included the xylem-mobile minerals calcium, manganese and zinc. These results indicate that the xylem contribution to berry growth diminished after veraison. Berry fresh weight, dry weight, as well as berry sugar content, were all highly correlated with berry potassium content. While the pulp and skin were the strongest sinks for potassium and boron, seeds were the strongest sinks for calcium, phosphorus, sulphur, manganese and zinc. With the exception of calcium and manganese, seeds ceased to accumulate most elements during late ripening. The berry receptacle and brush did not accumulate any of the elements to levels above those of the other berry components at any stage of development. Therefore, they did not act as sinks for xylem- or phloem-mobile elements as vascular flow to the pulp and skin slowed.