A Model of Vertical Oligopolistic Competition

This paper develops a model of successive oligopolies with endogenous market entry, allowing for varying degrees of product differentiation and entry costs in both markets. Our analysis shows that the downstream conditions dominate the overall profitability of the two-tier structure while the upstream conditions mainly affect the distribution of profits. We compare the welfare effects of upstream versus downstream deregulation policies and show that the impact of deregulation may be overvalued when ignoring feedback effects from the other market. Furthermore, we analyze how different forms of vertical restraints influence the endogenous market structure and show when they are welfare enhancing

Concert recording 2014-03-12a

[Track 01]. This nearly was mine from South Pacific / Rodgers and Hammerstein -- [Track 02]. Old man river from Showboat / Kern ; Hammerstein -- [Track 03]. Visione veneziana / Renato Brogi -- [Track 04]. Widmung / Robert Schumann -- [Track 05]. This is my beloved from Kismet / Wright ; Forrest -- [Track 06]. Vision fugitive from Herodiade / Jules Massenet -- [Track 07]. I will be loved tonight from I love you, you\u27re perfect, now change / DiPietro ; Roberts -- [Track 08]. Doin\u27 what comes natur\u27lly from Annie get your gun / Irving Berlin -- [Track 09]. I carry your heart / John Duke -- [Track 10]. Standchen / Franz Schubert -- [Track 11]. Ho capito...signor, si! from Don Giovanni / W.A. Mozart -- [Track 12]. When Fredric was a little lad from The pirates of Penzance / Gilbert and Sullivan -- [Track 13]. In trutina from Carmina burana / Carl Orff -- [Track 14]. Ombra mai fu from Serse / Handel -- [Track 15]. Younger than springtime from South Pacific / Rodgers and Hammerstein -- [Track 16]. Der Atlas / Franz Schubert

Industry concentration and strategic trade policy in successive oligopoly

We study a policy game between exporting and importing countries in vertically linked industries. In a successive international Cournot oligopoly, we analyse incentives for using tax instruments strategically to shift rents vertically, between exporting and importing countries, and horizontally, between exporting countries. We show that the equilibrium outcome depends crucially on the relative degree of competitiveness in the upstream and downstream parts of the industry. With respect to national welfare, a more competitive upstream industry may benefit an exporting (upstream) country and harm an importing (downstream) country. On the other hand, a more competitive downstream industry may harm exporting countries.Financial support from the Norwegian Research Council, through the PETROPOL research programme, is gratefully acknowledged. The paper has been greatly improved by the suggestions of two anonymous referees. We also thank Hisashi Hokari and Frode Meland for valuable comments and suggestions

Membrane Partitioning: “Classical” and “Nonclassical” Hydrophobic Effects

The free energy of transfer of nonpolar solutes from water to lipid bilayers is often dominated by a large negative enthalpy rather than the large positive entropy expected from the hydrophobic effect. This common observation has led to the idea that membrane partitioning is driven by the “nonclassical” hydrophobic effect. We examined this phenomenon by characterizing the partitioning of the well-studied peptide melittin using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and circular dichroism (CD). We studied the temperature dependence of the entropic (−TΔS) and enthalpic (ΔH) components of free energy (ΔG) of partitioning of melittin into lipid membranes made of various mixtures of zwitterionic and anionic lipids. We found significant variations of the entropic and enthalpic components with temperature, lipid composition and vesicle size but only small changes in ΔG (entropy–enthalpy compensation). The heat capacity associated with partitioning had a large negative value of about −0.5 kcal mol−1 K−1. This hallmark of the hydrophobic effect was found to be independent of lipid composition. The measured heat capacity values were used to calculate the hydrophobic-effect free energy ΔGhΦ, which we found to dominate melittin partitioning regardless of lipid composition. In the case of anionic membranes, additional free energy comes from coulombic attraction, which is characterized by a small effective peptide charge due to the lack of additivity of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions in membrane interfaces [Ladokhin and White J Mol Biol 309:543–552, 2001]. Our results suggest that there is no need for a special effect—the nonclassical hydrophobic effect—to describe partitioning into lipid bilayers

Computer simulation of heart-pacemaker interaction

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28823/1/0000657.pd