The concept of Ananke in Greek Literature before 400 BCE

This study seeks to explore the concept of ἀνάγκη (and the related terms ἀναγκαίος and ἀναγκαίως) in Greek literature written before 400 BCE. All passages containing these words from the time period were located, translated and analysed according to specific criteria concerning the usage and interpretation of the term. The resulting exploration was then split into five main sections: physical compulsion, moral compulsion, cosmology, circumstantial compulsion and the personification of compulsion. These sections were then examined according to both context and subtle differences in the meaning of ἀνάγκη terms within these contexts. The vast majority concerned some form of violence, physical force or fear of violent repercussions. Although the focus was on the interpretation of texts dating to before 400 BCE, owing to their fragmentary nature but considerable importance, the cosmological texts had to be examined in conjunction with later texts in order to shed more light on the meaning of ἀνάγκη in this context. Statistical analysis was performed on the 466 texts located and they were further analysed to track variations across time and genre-specific usages. Several types of usage were seen to develop only towards the end of the fifth century after 450 BCE including the notion of relative compulsions; the necessity for revenge and compelled alliances were seen to develop at this time. Recommendations were made with regards to the best and most appropriate translations; the majority of passages would require either the translation of coercion, constraint or compulsion for ἀνάγκη with the exception of the adjectival ἀναγκαίος which can mean blood relatives or similarly obligated individuals. The translation of necessity, although generally the given interpretation of ἀνάγκη was seldom appropriate since it did not grasp the entire meaning of the term in context

INCOME AND WEALTH OF HOUSEHOLDS WHO OPERATE U.S. FARMS

Consumer/Household Economics,

A molecular analysis of the tissue polarity gene prickle and associated transcripts in Drosophila melanogaster.

The distinct patterns of bristles and hairs on the surface of an adult Drosophila indicate a planar polarity and reflect the polarity of the underlying structures. Many of the planar polarity genes have been analysed molecularly and found to encode a diverse group of proteins. In this thesis, I describe the molecular characterisation of prickle. Three classes of mutation are found at the prickle locus; prickle (pkpk), spiny- legs (pksple) and prickle-spiny-legs (pkpk-sple). Three transcripts were identified and sequenced. The 4.2 kb pk transcript has seven exons that span 70 kb. The other two transcripts, sple and pkM, share six exons with pk and have alternatively spliced 5' ends. The GAL4-UAS system was used to demonstrate rescue of the prickle and spiny-legs phenotypes with the pk and sple transcripts, respectively. Overexpression of the UAS[pk+] construct also resulted in a phenotype resembling loss-of-function pksple and vice versa. The transcripts encode novel proteins with three LIM or UM-like motifs in the shared exons. LIM domains are cysteine rich sequences known to be involved in protein- protein interactions. A novel domain, named the PET domain, was also identified in these proteins just upstream of the LLM motifs. Database searches found the PET domain conserved in a small group of proteins. A Drosophila homologue, espinas (esn), was also identified and sequenced. A cluster of transcripts was found in the region of the 5' exon of the pk transcript. These were sequenced and shown to have homology to serine proteinase inhibitors or serpins. The most distal of the three was shown to rescue the necrotic phenotype. The possible roles of prickle in planar polarity signalling are discussed and it is suggested that the prickle proteins may be involved in the formation of multiprotein complexes

Development of a framework for person-centred physiotherapy

BackgroundThere is a growing call for healthcare to focus on person-centred practice. This can lead to improved outcomes for patients in terms of physical and psychological health. Challenges exist around how person-centredness is understood in physiotherapy. Having a physiotherapy framework would help support a shared understanding of the meaning of person-centred physiotherapy.AimThe aim of this study was to locate and synthesise studies which have a conceptualisation of person-centred physiotherapy practice. These were used to develop an overarching conceptual framework for person-centred physiotherapy practice.MethodsThe framework was developed through a systematic process involving a systematic literature search, screening studies against eligibility criteria, data extraction, data synthesis, naming and defining core constructs of person-centred physiotherapy practice, and generation of a pictorial representation of an overarching conceptual framework.ResultsThe person-centred physiotherapy framework is comprised of four constructs: physiotherapist characteristics, which focuses on the knowledge and skills for clinical proficiency, attributes of the physiotherapist, reflection and self-awareness; person-physiotherapist interaction(s), which focuses on partnership, empowerment and self-management; the environment, which focuses on coordinated healthcare delivery, culture of the organisation and practice environment, and the physical environment; and the ongoing unique journey of the person and self-management. The relationships between the constructs reflect the complex nature of person-centred practice.ConclusionsThe framework presented can be used to better understand person-centred physiotherapy with a view to enhancing practice. The framework needs to be tested further through empirical research to establish its utility

What are the views of musculoskeletal physiotherapists and patients on person-centred practice? A systematic review of qualitative studies

PurposeThere is a growing expectation of physiotherapists to adopt a person-centred approach to their practice. Person-centredness for musculoskeletal physiotherapy, however, remains an under-researched area. A synthesis of the findings from qualitative studies exploring perceptions of person-centredness in musculoskeletal physiotherapy was conducted to inform future clinical practice.MethodsENTREQ and PRISMA guidelines were used to develop a protocol for a qualitative systematic review registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020170762). Five electronic databases were searched to identify relevant primary studies. Studies were assessed for quality and data extracted. Data were analysed using thematic synthesis.ResultsA total of 3250 studies were identified and screened. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Four main themes emerged from the data: treating each patient as a unique person, the importance of communication for achieving a therapeutic alliance, necessary physiotherapist traits for person-centredness, and supporting patient empowerment.ConclusionEmpowerment of patients in musculoskeletal physiotherapy contexts might be improved through a more narrative approach to assessment, with clinical bravery recognised as a specific person-centred physiotherapy trait able to facilitate this. Physiotherapists should also consider the meaningfulness of any treatment activities they provide to maximise the person-centredness of their approach.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONEmpowerment of patients in musculoskeletal physiotherapy contexts might be improved through a more narrative approach to assessment.Clinical bravery is a person-centred physiotherapy trait that facilitates certain conversational freedom to elicit the true patient narrative.Person-centred physiotherapists should reflect on how meaningful their treatment activities are for individual MSK outpatients

An exploration of person-centredness among emergency department physiotherapists: a mixed methods study

Purpose: There is a growing number of primary contact physiotherapists based in United Kingdom emergency departments (ED) who are expected to deliver person-centred practices. Perceptions of physiotherapists working in these high-pressure environments on person-centredness are currently unknown. A mixed methods exploration of person-centredness among ED physiotherapists targeted this knowledge gap to inform future clinical practice. Methods: Online survey and semi-structured interviews followed a convergent mixed methods design with sequential explanatory features. Data sets were analysed separately using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively, before merged analysis using joint display. Results: Twenty-six surveys and 11 in-depth interviews were completed. The three overarching themes of ED patients, ED physiotherapists, and ED environment were generated. Themes were integrated and analysed alongside quantitative survey findings. This produced three novel contributions that further our understanding of person-centred practices among ED physiotherapists. Conclusion: ED physiotherapists were mindful of an apparent, yet unspoken struggle between the competing philosophies of biomedicine and person-centredness. The results here support entering a patient’s world as a person-centred approach to help navigate the line between what an ED attender wants and the clinical need of their visit

"It's nothing you could ever prepare anyone for": the experiences of young people and their families following parental stroke

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis Group in Brain Injury on 21 March 2018, available online at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02699052.2018.1426879. The accepted manuscript is under embargo until 18 January 2019.Aims: This study sought to explore the experiences of young people (aged 8–16) and their families following parental acquired brain injury (ABI), with the aim of developing an understanding of the ways in which members of a family make sense of events post-injury, and to consider the implications of different perspectives on adjustment and coping. Design: The study applied a qualitative approach using a thematic analysis methodology. Procedure: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 individuals from three families affected by parental stroke. Results: Findings suggested that post-injury, families experienced a period of uncertainty in which they were required to renegotiate their roles and adjust to the loss associated with parental stroke. Additionally, the psychosocial wellbeing of young people was negatively affected, whilst protective and coping strategies were recognised. Conclusions: The research offers an insight into the processes that may contribute to patterns of interpersonal relating that could negatively impact on adjustment. Provision of adequate information, psychological and practical support during recovery may therefore be crucial elements of supporting young people and their families in adjusting to the challenges posed by stroke.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Concert recording 2021-11-17

[Track 1]. Die tote Dtadt. Tanzlied des Pierrot / Erich Korngold -- [Track 2]. Let us garlands bring. Come away, come away, death ; Who is Sylvia? ; Fear no more the heat o\u27 the sun / Gerald Finzi -- [Track 3]. Finding Neverland. Neverland / Gary Barlow ; Eliot Kennedy -- [Track 4]. Cosi fan tutte. Come Scoglio / W. A. Mozart -- [Track 5]. Daybreak in Alabama / Ricky Ian Gordan -- [Track 6]. Let America be America again / Ethan Godfrey -- [Track 7]. Nightsongs. Creole girl / Leslie H. Adams -- [Track 8]. Poéme de Max Jacob. III. La petite servant / Francis Poulenc -- [Track 9]. Parade. You don’t know this man / Jason Robert Brown -- [Track 10]. Embraceable you / George Gershwin -- [Track 11]. Every morning / Lauren Nicole Clare

Predictors of quality of life ratings from persons with dementia: the role of insight

Objective: Evidence suggests that people with dementia are able to respond accurately and consistently to questions about quality of life (QoL), although large discrepancies exist between patient and proxy ratings. This may be due, in part, to the reduced insight of the person with dementia. The aim of this study was to explore the predictors of QoL ratings in a sample of people with mild dementia, with a particular focus on the role of insight. Methods: Sixty-nine participants and their caregivers were recruited from a memory clinic setting. The Bath Assessment of Subjective Quality of Life in Dementia (BASQID), Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Quality of Life Scale, Memory Functioning Scale, Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Inventory and Mini Mental Status Examination were administered. Results: Regression analyses indicated that the strongest predictor of QoL ratings from persons with dementia was their awareness of memory function, such that lower awareness was associated with higher QoL ratings. Proxy ratings of activity performance and enjoyment of activity were also significant predictors of BASQID scores. Conclusions: Awareness of memory function impacts directly on patient QoL ratings and can also mask the effects of changes in other outcomes such as ADL function. Measures of awareness should therefore be employed alongside patient QoL ratings in order to ensure they are interpreted accurately. Discrepancies between patient and proxy QoL ratings do not necessarily occur because of patient unreliability, but may instead reflect the application of distinct modes of QoL assessment that emphasise very different outcomes