156 research outputs found
Two-axis goniometer for single-crystal nuclear magnetic resonance measurements
We report the design and construction of a two-axis goniometer capable of any
sample orientation with respect to the external magnetic field. The advantage
of this design is that it allows free rotations around a single axis
independent of the other which minimizes rotational error without reduction of
angle range. Goniometer is capable of operating with high precision at both low
and high temperatures and in high magnetic fields. It was mounted on the custom
made nuclear magnetic resonance probe for use in Oxford Instruments wide-bore
variable field superconducting magnet.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
Quantum-critical spin dynamics in quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnets
By means of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T1, we follow the spin
dynamics as a function of the applied magnetic field in two gapped
one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets: the anisotropic spin-chain system
NiCl2-4SC(NH2)2 and the spin-ladder system (C5H12N)2CuBr4. In both systems,
spin excitations are confirmed to evolve from magnons in the gapped state to
spinons in the gapples Tomonaga-Luttinger-liquid state. In between, 1/T1
exhibits a pronounced, continuous variation, which is shown to scale in
accordance with quantum criticality. We extract the critical exponent for 1/T1,
compare it to the theory, and show that this behavior is identical in both
studied systems, thus demonstrating the universality of quantum critical
behavior
Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the magnetic-field-induced ordered phase in the NiCl2-4SC(NH2)2 compound
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of the high magnetic field (H) part of
the Bose-Einstein condensed (BEC) phase of the quasi-onedimensional (quasi-1D)
antiferromagnetic quantum spin-chain compound NiCl2-4SC(NH2)2 (DTN) was
performed. We precisely determined the phase boundary, Tc(H), down to 40 mK;
the critical boson density, n_c(Tc); and the absolute value of the BEC order
parameter S_perp at very low temperature (T = 0.12 K). All results are
accurately reproduced by numerical quantum Monte Carlo simulations of a
realistic three-dimensional (3D) model Hamiltonian. Approximate analytical
predictions based on the 1D Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid description are found to
be precise for Tc(H), but less so for S_perp(H), which is more sensitive to the
strength of 3D couplings, in particular close to the critical field. A
mean-field treatment, based on the Hartree-Fock-Popov description, is found to
be valid only up to n_c = 4% (T < 0.3 K), while for higher n_c boson
interactions appear to modify the density of states.Comment: Manuscript (6 pages, 3 figures) and the corresponding Supplemental
material (5 pages, 6 figures), altogether 11 pages and 9 figure
Microwave response of thin niobium films under perpendicular static magnetic fields
The microwave response of high quality niobium films in a perpendicular
static magnetic field has been investigated. The complex frequency shift was
measured up to the upper critical fields. The data have been analyzed by the
effective conductivity model for the type-II superconductors in the mixed
state. This model is found to yield consistent results for the coherence
lengths in high-kappa superconducting samples, and can be used with HTSC even
at temperatures much below T_c. It is shown that for samples with high values
of depinning frequency, one should measure both components of the complex
frequency shift in order to determine the flow resistivity. The thick Nb film
(160 nm) has low resistivity at 10 K, comparable to the best single crystals,
and low kappa value. In contrast, the thinnest (10 nm) film has kappa ~ 9.5 and
exhibits a high depinning frequency (~20 GHz). The upper critical field
determined from microwave measurements is related to the radius of
nonoverlaping vortices, and appears to be larger than the one determined by the
transition to the normal state.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures; submitted to PRB; measured rho_n; changes due to
the referees' comments (abstract, conclusions, extended introduction
Household food waste in Belgrade - sin and unconcern
The aim of this study was to examine the actual procedures with food in households and consumer attitudes about food waste. The survey was conducted in 83 households in Belgrade, Serbia. All participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. The results obtained show that awareness of food waste is at a satisfactory level, but the actual situation is that food is discarded in large quantities, even though people are aware of what a global problem this is. Large contradictions were observed among the respondents answers in this study. Respondents who stated that they never discard food, in further responses, declared they throw away significant amounts of food for various reasons (too long storage, overconsumption, improper preparation, etc.). We conclude that people are either unaware of how much food they discard, or they do not want to admit it to themselves. However, participants largely have a sense of guilt about discarding food. This indicates consumer awareness of food waste, and is an encouraging sign that further education could be effective in consumers taking into account their food waste habits, starting from procurement planning, through storage and preparation
Effects of different culture conditions on biological potential and metabolites production in three Penicillium isolates
The genus Penicillium is well known for its importance in drug and food production. Certain species are produced on an industrial scale for the production of antibiotics (e.g. penicillin) or for insertion in food (e.g. cheese). In the present work, three Penicillium species, part of the natural mycobiota growing on various food products were selected– P. ochrochloron, P. funiculosum and P. verrucosum var. cyclopium. The objective of our study was to value these species from the point of view of production of bioactive metabolites. The species were obtained after inoculation and growth in Czapek and Malt media. Both mycelia and culture media were analyzed to monitor the production of different metabolites by each fungus and their release to the culture medium. The concentrations of sugars, organic acids, phenolic acids and tocopherols, were determined. Antioxidant activity of the phenolic extracts was evaluated, as also the antimicrobial activity of phenolic acids, organic acids and tocopherols extracts. Rhamnose, xylose, fructose and trehalose were found in all the mycelia and culture media; the prevailing organic acids were oxalic and fumaric acids, and protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were the most common phenolic acids; γ-tocopherol was the most abundant vitamin E isoform. Generally, the phenolic extracts corresponding to the mycelia samples revealed higher antioxidant activity. Concerning the antimicrobial activity there were some fluctuations, however all the studied species revealed activity against the tested strains. Therefore, the in vitro bioprocesses can be an alternative for the production of bioactive metabolites that can be used by pharmaceutical industry.The authors are grateful to Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal), COMPETE/QREN/EU for financial support to this work (bilateral cooperation action Portugal/Serbia 2011), to CIMO (strategic project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011), and to Serbian Ministry of Education and Science for financial support (grant number 173032). L. Barros also thanks FCT, POPH-QREN and FSE for her grant (SFRH/BPD/4609/2008)
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