Numerical adequacy of nutritionist, profile of menus, number of students in school feeding services in the south of Rio Grande do Sul

The aim of this study was to characterize the execution of school feeding services of public schools in the Southern Zone of Rio Grande do Sul, as well as to obtain information regarding their menus, students and numerical adequacy of nutritionists. A cross-sectional study was carried out with nutritionists from the school feeding services of municipalities of the Southern Zone Association of the state affiliated to the Federation of Associations of Municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul. After authorization by the municipal managers and their own consent, the professionals answered an online questionnaire about their sociodemographic characteristics, training and performance in school feeding services, as well as questions about number of students and meals in schools. It was verified the inadequacy of the number of nutritionists in the municipalities, as well as the total workload of the same in relation to the recommendations. All service nutritionists were female, more than half were over 40 years old (53.9%) and almost two-thirds had postgraduate degrees (61.5%). Most professionals reported having technical responsibility for school feeding (84.6%) and in terms of schools, municipal schools were more frequent (77.0%). As for the number of meals served annually, the majority served 20 thousand or more in day care (46.2%), pre-school (76.9%) and elementary school (76.9%). School menus according to eating habits, with 46.1% elaborating by type of education and almost 70% reported concern with total caloric value, macro and micronutrients according to the age group of the school. Regarding the preparations, only 30% referred to the use of per capita, technical data sheet and product data sheet. The inadequacy of the number of professionals and the lack of standardization of the preparations found in the study may be due to the overload of tasks, which may take a long time to manage the services and resources of the National School Feeding Program

A pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil favoreceu o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados? / COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil favored the consumption of ultra-processed foods?

Com todas as restrições impostas pela pandemia de COVID-19 à população brasileira, é esperado que muitos comportamentos de saúde se modifiquem, incluindo hábitos relacionados à alimentação. Entretanto, não se sabe ao certo se a maior permanência da população em casa possibilitou a melhora ou piora dos hábitos alimentares. Assim, objetiva-se investigar o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados por brasileiros durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Este estudo investigou o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura com busca eletrônica no PubMed, Lilacs e SciELO e com aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A busca resultou em 96 artigos e após seleções, 7 artigos foram selecionados para inclusão na revisão sendo, 6 transversais e 1 coorte. Os estudos transversais demonstraram alto consumo de AUP ou aumento neste consumo durante a pandemia, especialmente em adolescentes, residentes nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do país por pessoas com menor escolaridade. Este estudo evidenciou aumento no consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados pelo brasileiro durante o período da quarentena devido ao isolamento, para evitar o contágio da COVID-19

Inhibitory action of Lippia gracilis Schauer essential oil on pathogenic bacteria and its effects as a growth promoter on quail

Aim of the study: To examine the in vitro sensitivity of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli strains to the microbial activity of Lippia gracilis Schauer essential oil (LGSEO) and to determine the optimal level of LGSEO as a growth promoter in diets for Japanese quail up to 35 days of age.Area of study: São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil.Material and methods: A total of 504 female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) at an initial average body weights of 6.80±0.10 g was allotted to one of six treatments (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mg/kg of LGSEO and a diet containing 500 mg/kg of bacitracin methylene disalicylate) in 7 replicates, using 12 birds per experimental unit.Main results: In the age period of 21 to 35 days, feed intake declined linearly (p=0.04) and feed efficiency improved (p<0.01), whereas no changes were observed in production performance (p>0.05). The estimated (p=0.01) maximum relative weights of proventriculus and pancreas were obtained at the LGSEO inclusion levels of 196.5 and 251 mg/kg, respectively. Inclusion of 100 to 300 mg/kg of LGSEO in the diet reduced the total Salmonella sp. bacterial count.Research highlights: The use of 196.5 mg/kg of LGSEO in the diet of Japanese quail improved production performance and organ development and demonstrated potential antimicrobial capacity against Salmonella sp. bacteria. Due its pharmacological composition, LGSEO can potentially substitute to antimicrobials, because contains thymol and carvacrol as main active constituents

Intervenções do enfermeiro no atendimento seguro ao paciente crítico na emergência: uma revisão integrativa

The aim was to identify in the literature the interventions of nurses related to safe care for critical patients in the Emergency Unit. Integrative review study based on scientific data from February to April 2021, with descriptive data analysis. In 25 articles included in the final sample, interventions related to three categories were identified: 1) patient identification and safe practice in the safe administration of medications; 2) Effective communication with the pre-hospital care team (APH) and intra-hospital care; 3) nurse management and organizational performance of the team in the quality of care. However, no studies on safe surgery were found and the majority considered were of the descriptive type and did not analyze the effectiveness of interventions. Studies are needed that point to the effectiveness of interventions related to the care of critically ill patients in emergencies, as well as organizational proposals for structuring the nursing team in these services.Objetivou-se identificar na literatura as intervenções do enfermeiro relacionadas a assistência segura ao paciente crítico na Unidade de Emergência. Estudo de revisão integrativa em base de dados científicas nos meses de fevereiro a abril de 2021, com análise de dados descritiva. Em 25 artigos incluídos na amostra final, foram identificadas intervenções relacionadas a três categorias: 1) identificação do paciente e prática segura na administração segura de medicamentos; 2) Comunicação efetiva com a equipe de atendimento pré-hospitalar (APH) e intra-hospitalar; 3) gestão do enfermeiro e desempenho organizacional da equipe na qualidade do atendimento. Entretanto, não foram encontrados estudos sobre cirurgia segura e a maioria considerada era do tipo descritivo e não de análise da efetividade das intervenções. Faz-se necessários estudos que apontem à efetividade de intervenções relacionadas ao atendimento do paciente crítico em emergência, bem como propostas organizacionais de estruturação da equipe de enfermagem nesses serviços

Intervenções do enfermeiro no atendimento seguro ao paciente crítico na emergência: uma revisão integrativa

The aim was to identify in the literature the interventions of nurses related to safe care for critical patients in the Emergency Unit. Integrative review study based on scientific data from February to April 2021, with descriptive data analysis. In 25 articles included in the final sample, interventions related to three categories were identified: 1) patient identification and safe practice in the safe administration of medications; 2) Effective communication with the pre-hospital care team (APH) and intra-hospital care; 3) nurse management and organizational performance of the team in the quality of care. However, no studies on safe surgery were found and the majority considered were of the descriptive type and did not analyze the effectiveness of interventions. Studies are needed that point to the effectiveness of interventions related to the care of critically ill patients in emergencies, as well as organizational proposals for structuring the nursing team in these services.Objetivou-se identificar na literatura as intervenções do enfermeiro relacionadas a assistência segura ao paciente crítico na Unidade de Emergência. Estudo de revisão integrativa em base de dados científicas nos meses de fevereiro a abril de 2021, com análise de dados descritiva. Em 25 artigos incluídos na amostra final, foram identificadas intervenções relacionadas a três categorias: 1) identificação do paciente e prática segura na administração segura de medicamentos; 2) Comunicação efetiva com a equipe de atendimento pré-hospitalar (APH) e intra-hospitalar; 3) gestão do enfermeiro e desempenho organizacional da equipe na qualidade do atendimento. Entretanto, não foram encontrados estudos sobre cirurgia segura e a maioria considerada era do tipo descritivo e não de análise da efetividade das intervenções. Faz-se necessários estudos que apontem à efetividade de intervenções relacionadas ao atendimento do paciente crítico em emergência, bem como propostas organizacionais de estruturação da equipe de enfermagem nesses serviços

A atuação do enfermeiro na prevenção de microrganismos multirresistentes em unidade de terapia intensiva

The aim was to describe the risk factors for infection, describe how the spread occurs and propose improvements for quality work performed by professionals, in order to reduce the number, length of stay and number of deaths. In addition, seek to qualify the team so that they provide care based on scientific knowledge, adopting actions, planning measures and execution of the care provided. Through effective communication where everyone speaks objectively and clearly, so that there is quality and effectiveness in actions and reduce the proliferation of multi-resistant organisms.Objetivou-se descrever os fatores de risco de infecção, descrever como ocorre a disseminação e propor melhorias para um trabalho prestado com qualidade pelos profissionais atuantes, a fim de reduzir o número, tempo de internação e número de óbitos. Além disso, buscar  qualificar a equipe de forma que prestem cuidados baseados em conhecimento científicos, adotando ações, medidas de planejamento e execução do cuidado prestado. Por meio de uma comunicação eficaz onde todos falam de forma objetiva e clara, para que tenha qualidade e efetividade nas ações e reduzam a proliferação de organismos multirresistentes

Microscopic Analysis of the Tupanvirus Cycle in Vermamoeba vermiformis

Since Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (APMV) was identified in 2003, several other giant viruses of amoebae have been isolated, highlighting the uniqueness of this group. In this context, the tupanviruses were recently isolated from extreme environments in Brazil, presenting virions with an outstanding tailed structure and genomes containing the most complete set of translation genes of the virosphere. Unlike other giant viruses of amoebae, tupanviruses present a broad host range, being able to replicate not only in Acanthamoeba sp. but also in other amoebae, such as Vermamoeba vermiformis, a widespread, free-living organism. Although the Tupanvirus cycle in A. castellanii has been analyzed, there are no studies concerning the replication of tupanviruses in other host cells. Here, we present an in-depth microscopic study of the replication cycle of Tupanvirus in V. vermiformis. Our results reveal that Tupanvirus can enter V. vermiformis and generate new particles with similar morphology to when infecting A. castellanii cells. Tupanvirus establishes a well-delimited electron-dense viral factory in V. vermiformis, surrounded by lamellar structures, which appears different when compared with different A. castellanii cells. Moreover, viral morphogenesis occurs entirely in the host cytoplasm within the viral factory, from where complete particles, including the capsid and tail, are sprouted. Some of these particles have larger tails, which we named “supertupans.” Finally, we observed the formation of defective particles, presenting abnormalities of the tail and/or capsid. Taken together, the data presented here contribute to a better understanding of the biology of tupanviruses in previously unexplored host cells

A atuação do enfermeiro na prevenção de microrganismos multirresistentes em unidade de terapia intensiva

The aim was to describe the risk factors for infection, describe how the spread occurs and propose improvements for quality work performed by professionals, in order to reduce the number, length of stay and number of deaths. In addition, seek to qualify the team so that they provide care based on scientific knowledge, adopting actions, planning measures and execution of the care provided. Through effective communication where everyone speaks objectively and clearly, so that there is quality and effectiveness in actions and reduce the proliferation of multi-resistant organisms.Objetivou-se descrever os fatores de risco de infecção, descrever como ocorre a disseminação e propor melhorias para um trabalho prestado com qualidade pelos profissionais atuantes, a fim de reduzir o número, tempo de internação e número de óbitos. Além disso, buscar  qualificar a equipe de forma que prestem cuidados baseados em conhecimento científicos, adotando ações, medidas de planejamento e execução do cuidado prestado. Por meio de uma comunicação eficaz onde todos falam de forma objetiva e clara, para que tenha qualidade e efetividade nas ações e reduzam a proliferação de organismos multirresistentes

An Update on the Known Host Range of the Brazilian Vaccinia Virus: An Outbreak in Buffalo Calves

Even nearly forty years after the eradication of smallpox, members of the Poxviridae family continue to be the focus of an increasing number of studies. Among these studies, prominently stands vaccinia virus, an orthopoxvirus that is associated with bovine vaccinia outbreaks. Although more frequently associated with infections in cattle and humans, the host range of vaccinia virus is not restricted only to these hosts. There are several instances of molecular and serological evidence of circulation of vaccinia virus among wildlife species. In addition, viral isolation has confirmed a broad spectrum of vaccinia virus hosts. In this report, we provide a brief update on the host range of Brazilian vaccinia virus, and present a case description of an outbreak in domestic buffalo calves from Northeastern Brazil that corroborates previous serological and molecular studies. Furthermore, in the present study, vaccinia virus has been isolated for the first time in buffaloes, and referred to as vaccinia virus Pernambuco (VACV-PE). Phylogenetic reconstruction was based on A56R clustered VACV-PE with vaccinia virus isolates belonging to group 1 Brazilian vaccinia virus. Furthermore, the vaccinia virus genome was detected in the milk of a lactating cow, which thereby revealed a pathway for future studies on the possible impact of vaccinia virus on buffalo milk and milk products. Taken together, these results provide the first description of clinical disease caused by vaccinia virus in buffaloes in South America. They also raise new questions about the chain of transmission of this virus