Eye movement planning on Single-Sensor-Single-Indicator displays is vulnerable to user anxiety and cognitive load

In this study, we demonstrate the effects of anxiety and cognitive load on eye movement planning in an instrument flight task adhering to a single-sensor-single-indicator data visualisation design philosophy. The task was performed in neutral and anxiety conditions, while a low or high cognitive load, auditory n-back task was also performed. Cognitive load led to a reduction in the number of transitions between instruments, and impaired task performance. Changes in self-reported anxiety between the neutral and anxiety conditions positively correlated with changes in the randomness of eye movements between instruments, but only when cognitive load was high. Taken together, the results suggest that both cognitive load and anxiety impact gaze behavior, and that these effects should be explored when designing data visualization displays

Silicon Waveguides and Ring Resonators at 5.5 {\mu}m

We demonstrate low loss ridge waveguides and the first ring resonators for the mid-infrared, for wavelengths ranging from 5.4 to 5.6 {\mu}m. Structures were fabricated using electron-beam lithography on the silicon-on-sapphire material system. Waveguide losses of 4.0 +/- 0.7 dB/cm are achieved, as well as Q-values of 3.0 k.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, includes supplemental material

Effects of anxiety and cognitive load on instrument scanning behavior in a flight simulation

Previous research has rarely examined the combined influence of anxiety and cognitive load on gaze behavior and performance whilst undertaking complex perceptual-motor tasks. In the current study, participants performed an aviation instrument landing task in neutral and anxiety conditions, while performing a low or high cognitive load auditory n-back task. Both self-reported anxiety and heart rate increased from neutral conditions indicating that anxiety was successfully manipulated. Response accuracy and reaction time for the auditory task indicated that cognitive load was also successfully manipulated. Cognitive load negatively impacted flight performance and the frequency of gaze transitions between areas of interest. Performance was maintained in anxious conditions, with a concomitant decrease in n-back reaction time suggesting that this was due to an increase in mental effort. Analyses of individual responses to the anxiety manipulation revealed that changes in anxiety levels from neutral to anxiety conditions were positively correlated with changes in visual scanning entropy, which is a measure of the randomness of gaze behavior, but only when cognitive load was high. This finding lends support for an interactive effect of cognitive anxiety and cognitive load on attentional control

Biopsy and selective recall compared with immediate large loop excision in management of women with low grade abnormal cervical cytology referred for colposcopy : multicentre randomised controlled trial

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Predicting the Effects of Disability Glare on Driving Performance

A driving simulator was used to investigate the effects of simulated glare from the sun on the execution of left-turns at an intersection. The presence of glare resulted in a significant reduction in the safety margin used by drivers (by 0.65 sec on average). The effect of glare was larger for low-contrast than for highcontrast oncoming vehicles. Older drivers (45-60 years) had a significantly greater reduction in safety margin compared to younger drivers (19-29 years), however, there was large inter-driver variability in both age groups. Older drivers adopted a larger safety margin in non-glare conditions with the result that the net effect of glare on driving safety was the same for both age groups. It is proposed that the reduction in retinal image contrast caused by glare caused drivers to overestimate the time to collision with oncoming cars

Taking a Long View on What We Now Know About Social and Environmental Accountability and Reporting

Sustainability and social responsibility appear to be occupying a place of increasing importancein the discourse surrounding business and organisation. As this discourse gains acceptance organisationsseek for ways to measure and manage their interactions in the field. Simultaneously,societal concerns for the way in which organisations represent themselves with respect tosocial responsibility and sustainability stimulate a need for wider accountability. This essayjoins a steadily growing trickle of papers which attempt to articulate and make sense of socialaccounting, accountability and reporting and, in so doing, offer suggestions for future directionsin research, teaching and/or practice. The primary purpose of this paper is to offer a viewof developments in social accounting in the last decade or so and to emphasise something I fearwe are in danger of losing – namely that sense of the importance of social accounting and theconsiderable critical potential of the social accounting project. The paper provides a brief introductionto the growth in the social accounting literature; a typology of research approaches tothe area; and a polemic on the crucial potential importance of social accounting. With thisbackground, the essay then takes a broad review of the social accounting literature and seeks tooffer some contentious perceptions on that research in the hope of stimulating debate. Copyright © www.iiste.or

Editorial Notes Embracing the Demands of Scholarship?

As researchers and teachers working in and around social, environmental (and perhapssustainability) accounting we enjoy a remarkably wide range of potential areas to explore.This range is matched by a startlingly diverse range of objectives that we, asscholars, can adopt.We might see our objects of enquiry and investigation through the narrow lens of whatthe accounting profession currently thinks “accounting” is (Hopwood, 2007; Lee,1990) and examine only those manifestations of the social and environmental world(what Thielemann (2000) calls, “market alien values”) that can be reflected in theparadigms of conventional accounting: assets, liabilities, expenses, revenues, profitsetc. There is much to be done here, of course. Alternatively, we might have steppedoutside the fetters of conventional accounting – for reasons of personal preference,because there is no a priori justification for being so constrained and/ or perhaps becausewe might see conventional accounting as part of the problem and not necessarilypart of the solution. Whatever our motive, such a liberated view of our subject matteris both exciting and highly daunting: all of human endeavour can be seen as comprisingrelationships, accountabilities and the giving and receiving of accounts-----More content can be found in the PDF attached

Social and Environmental Accounting and Reporting: From Ridicule to Revolution? From Hope to Hubris? - A Personal Review of the Field

The objective of this essay is to provide a coherent overview of author’s research and scholarshipover the last two decades or so. As such it is a compromise between a revisionist history,an auto-critique and a review essay. This compromise arises, primarily, for two reasons. First,the work I have undertaken in developing social accounting has often been ad hoc and pragmatic;it certainly has not followed a carefully crafted master plan or research design. Secondly,the work is heavily context dependent. Issues such as personal history, changing attitudesin politics, business and the profession, the development of the author’s understandingsand, interaction with colleagues have all had major influence on the research. Some of the workmay only make sense when seen in those contexts.  Copyright © www.iiste.or

A job well done: social enterprises and the learning and skills sector: a partnership for the education, training and employment of disabled people

http://readingroom.ypla.gov.uk/ypla/170910_a_job_well_done_final.pd

Changing Driver Behavior Through Unconscious Stereotype Activation

Under the guise of evaluating a head-up display in a driving simulator, participants completed scrambled sentence tasks (while waiting at stop signs) designed to prime either an elderly or teenage stereotype. Driving speeds between stop signs in the Stereotype conditions were compared to Control conditions in which age non-specific words were substituted for stereotyped words. Participants had a lower maximum speed in the Elderly Stereotype condition and a higher maximum speed in the Teenage condition (as compared to controls). These effects were obtained even though the participants were completely unaware of the themes in the experimental conditions. For both stereotypes, the change in behavior occurred relatively quickly: a significant effect on driving speed was observed after only five stops. These findings indicate that it may be possible to reduce the incidence of dangerous driving behavior through the use of unconscious priming