216 research outputs found
Adherence of trials of operative intervention to the consort statement for non-pharmacological treatments: AÂ comparative study
Five-year costs from a randomised comparison of bilateral and single internal thoracic artery grafts
Background: The use of bilateral internal thoracic arteries (BITA) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may improve survival compared with CABG using single internal thoracic arteries (SITA). We assessed the long-term costs of BITA compared with SITA. Methods: Between June 2004 and December 2007, 3102 patients from 28 hospitals in seven countries were randomised to CABG surgery using BITA (n=1548) or SITA (n=1554). Detailed resource use data were collected from the initial hospital episode and annually up to 5 years. The associated costs of this resource use were assessed from a UK perspective with 5 year totals calculated for each trial arm and pre-selected patient subgroups. Results: Total costs increased by approximately £1000 annually in each arm, with no significant annual difference between trial arms. Cumulative costs per patient at 5-year follow-up remained significantly higher in the BITA group (£18 629) compared with the SITA group (£17 480; mean cost difference £1149, 95% CI £330 to £1968, p=0.006) due to the higher costs of the initial procedure. There were no significant differences between the trial arms in the cost associated with healthcare contacts, medication use or serious adverse events. Conclusions: Higher index costs for BITA were still present at 5-year follow-up mainly driven by the higher initial cost with no subsequent difference emerging between 1 year and 5 years of follow-up. The overall cost-effectiveness of the two procedures, to be assessed at the primary endpoint of the 10-year follow-up, will depend on composite differences in costs and quality-adjusted survival
A phase IIA randomized clinical trial of a multiclade HIV-1 DNA prime followed by a multiclade rAd5 HIV-1 vaccine boost in healthy adults (HVTN204)
BACKGROUND: The safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine regimen consisting of a 6-plasmid HIV-1 DNA prime (envA, envB, envC, gagB, polB, nefB) boosted by a recombinant adenovirus serotype-5 (rAd5) HIV-1 with matching inserts was evaluated in HIV-seronegative participants from South Africa, United States, Latin America and the Caribbean. METHODS: 480 participants were evenly randomized to receive either: DNA (4 mg IM by Biojector) at 0, 1 and 2 months, followed by rAd5 (10 10 PU IM by needle/syringe) at 6 months; or placebo. Participants were monitored for reactogenicity and adverse events throughout the 12-month study. Peak and duration of HIV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated after the prime and boost. RESULTS: The vaccine was well tolerated and safe. T-cell responses, detected by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) ELISpot to global potential T-cell epitopes (PTEs) were observed in 70.8% (136/192) of vaccine recipients overall, most frequently to Gag (54.7%) and to Env (54.2%). In U.S. vaccine recipients T-cell responses were less frequent in Ad5 sero-positive versus sero-negative vaccine recipients (62.5% versus 85.7% respectively, p = 0.035). The frequency of HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses detected by intracellular cytokine staining were similar (41.8% and 47.2% respectively) and most secreted ≥2 cytokines. The vaccine induced a high frequency (83.7%-94.6%) of binding antibody responses to consensus Group M, and Clades A, B and C gp140 Env oligomers. Antibody responses to Gag were elicited in 46% of vaccine recipients. CONCLUSION: The vaccine regimen was well-tolerated and induced polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and multi-clade anti-Env binding antibodies. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0012597
Prospectus, December 7, 1976
VACCINATIONS GIVEN: 580 RECEIVE SWINE FLU SHOTS; 8 cents asked for: Tax vote go-ahead given; Display case almost ready; Reid will leave: Stu-Go busy before break; PC news in brief: Christian booktable, Get away…, Possible Hawks-Flyers tickets, Parkland Sociological Association, Skiing anyone?; To the Students of Parkland College...; Letters to the editor: \u27Be true\u27, \u27Toys for Tots\u27 thanks, Letter of thanks, Will piano haul students from annex of learning?; \u27No Vacancy\u27 at Bethlehem Ho-Jo: New version of Nativity told; Washington clamps down: Vets must attend to collect benefits; Prospectus wins; Save yourself: Still time for \u27W,\u27 not \u27F\u27; ALS courses available at Lab; It\u27s \u27sno trouble: Crew keeps campus clear; Apple Tree auditions through Thursday; Workshop-Tea Wed.; Mark Twain: Cast \u27live\u27 their characters; Students, teacher find that bird in hand no easy task; Krannert lists Dec.; Paxton hosts chamber music; West Springfield Avenue\u27s new businesses attract Parkland students; Parkland College 1976-1977 Basketball Schedule; Cagers play seven games before Christmas; Chillbains?: Getting here - the hard way; Dotted landscape: Bugged by red beetles at PC; PC campus site is named CCDC award winner; Classifieds; Sports editorial: Moeller - the program he\u27ll have to change; 1-2 for year: Cobras go against Olney tonight; Women\u27s Basketball Schedule; Lake County new team: Women\u27s first opponents \u27unknown\u27https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1976/1000/thumbnail.jp
Does age matter? The impact of rodent age on study outcomes
Rodent models produce data which underpin biomedical research and non-clinical drug trials, but translation from rodents into successful clinical outcomes is often lacking. There is a growing body of evidence showing that improving experimental design is key to improving the predictive nature of rodent studies and reducing the number of animals used in research. Age, one important factor in experimental design, is often poorly reported and can be overlooked. The authors conducted a survey to assess the age used for a range of models, and the reasoning for age choice. From 297 respondents providing 611 responses, researchers reported using rodents most often in the 6–20 week age range regardless of the biology being studied. The age referred to as ‘adult’ by respondents varied between six and 20 weeks. Practical reasons for the choice of rodent age were frequently given, with increased cost associated with using older animals and maintenance of historical data comparability being two important limiting factors. These results highlight that choice of age is inconsistent across the research community and often not based on the development or cellular ageing of the system being studied. This could potentially result in decreased scientific validity and increased experimental variability. In some cases the use of older animals may be beneficial. Increased scientific rigour in the choice of the age of rodent may increase the translation of rodent models to humans
Virtual Machine Support for Many-Core Architectures: Decoupling Abstract from Concrete Concurrency Models
The upcoming many-core architectures require software developers to exploit
concurrency to utilize available computational power. Today's high-level
language virtual machines (VMs), which are a cornerstone of software
development, do not provide sufficient abstraction for concurrency concepts. We
analyze concrete and abstract concurrency models and identify the challenges
they impose for VMs. To provide sufficient concurrency support in VMs, we
propose to integrate concurrency operations into VM instruction sets.
Since there will always be VMs optimized for special purposes, our goal is to
develop a methodology to design instruction sets with concurrency support.
Therefore, we also propose a list of trade-offs that have to be investigated to
advise the design of such instruction sets.
As a first experiment, we implemented one instruction set extension for
shared memory and one for non-shared memory concurrency. From our experimental
results, we derived a list of requirements for a full-grown experimental
environment for further research
The Vehicle, Fall 1985
Vol. 27, No. 1
Table of Contents
Satchel AssMichael D. Smithpage 3
PhotoDoug Andersonpage 7
CounselingChristy Dunphypage 8
Grave SiteJay D. Fiskpage 8
Sight-Seeing Outside PhoenixBob Zordanipage 9
PerformanceDan Von Holtenpage 10
NightmareKandy Bellpage 10
Photo (The Loft)Lawrence McGownpage 11
LaboringJanet Gracepage 12
Blood DonorDan Von Holtenpage 13
Photo (Pier)Lawrence McGownpage 14
ExamplesChristopher Albinpage 14
Three PoemsPatrick Peterspage 15
Sometimes I Dream in Cotton CandyKathy Graypage 16
One Day While BoatingF. Link Rapierpage 17
DepartureBob Zordanipage 17
140 Print That\u27s Life Peter Dowlingpage 18
Photo (Around the Bend)Mike Freckerpage 20
Light ConversationDan Hintzpage 22
She Waits For the WorldJim Harrispage 22
HoneyKathy Graypage 23
Photo AlbumPatrick Peterspage 24
Photo (Stairs)Lawrence McGownpage 25
Fallen From Grace to SaturdayF. Link Rapierpage 26
Post MortemF. Link Rapierpage 27
ConfessionJohn Kayserpage 27
Child\u27s PlayChristopher Albinpage 27
Seeking A Friend\u27s Advice on DietingKathy Graypage 28
PhotoDoug Andersonpage 28
She Came Back to MeJim Harrispage 29
Farm BoyDiana Winsonpage 30
DilemmaJanet Wilhelmpage 31
In a Rock or StoneRichard Donnellypage 32
In November He Came To MeJean Kover Chandlerpage 33
EndingChristy Dunphypage 34
The Honor GradEddie Simpsonpage 35
Photo (Thirst)Mike Freckerpage 40https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1046/thumbnail.jp
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