«A-t-on, dans un âge si tendre, une volonté certaine?»: “dubbi” e “certezze” sull’imputabilità minorile tra Otto e Novecento

La storia dell’imputabilità minorile è disseminata da dubbi. Il saggio ne ricostruisce le vicende nell’età contemporanea, dal concetto di “Discernimento” alla “Capacità di intendere e di volere” del Codice Rocco: dopo circa un secolo dalla sua promulgazione, siamo ancora lontani da certezze in questo campo.The history of criminal responsibility of minors is littered with doubts. The essay reconstructs its events in the contemporary age, from the concept of “Discernment” to the “mental Capacity” of the Italian Criminal Code: after about a century after its promulgation, we are still far from certainties in this field.Parole chiave / Keywords: Imputabilità, discernimento, capacità di intendere e di volere, Codice Penale italiano (1930), Mittermaier / Criminal responsibility of minors, Discernment, Mental Capacity, Italian Criminal Code (1930), Mittermaier

«I contratti conclusi sotto l’impero tirannico della paura». L’accezione del timore nel diritto delle obbligazioni dell’età dei Codici

In questo contribuito vorrei approfondire un aspetto in particolare, quello della paura connessa alla violenza. È certo facile immaginarne una presenza rilevante in ambito penalistico: il timore fa parte degli elementi essenziali di alcuni reati, come la pubblica intimidazione, l’estorsione, le minacce, lo stalking, solo per fare alcuni esempi; la legittima difesa si basa su una “legittima paura”, e l’elenco potrebbe continuare a lungo. Ma uno dei luoghi dove meno ci aspetteremmo di trovare una nozione precisa di tale emozione è invece proprio il Codice civile, sotterraneamente permeato dalla presenza oscura di violenza e timore: nel diritto delle obbligazioni, ma anche al riguardo del diritto matrimoniale o successorio. Qui vorrei soffermarmi sul timore che rileva come specchio di quella violenza che costituisce uno dei vizi del consenso nel contratto, trattata negli articoli 1434 e seguenti del Codice civile italiano del 1942, con una sequenza che scandisce varie tipologie di paura a partire da quella derivante dall’esposizione di se stesso e dei propri beni «ad un male ingiusto e notevole».

I cancelli del tempo. Genealogie delle partizioni dell’età minore in ambito penalistico

Il saggio indaga la genesi delle partizioni delle età al riguardo dell’imputabilità penale, e le loro trasformazioni nell’età della Codificazione, tra Ottocento e Novecento, fino alle definizioni accolte nel Codice Rocco. The essay investigates the genesis of age partitions in regard to criminal imputability, and their transformations in the age of Codification, between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, up to the definitions accepted in the Rocco Code.Parole chiave / Keywords: Minore età, codificazione, imputabilità, Codice Rocco / Minor age, Codification, Imputability, Rocco Code

Arma et leges. Juristes et identité nobiliaire en Sicile à l’époque moderne dans les procès de noblesse de l’ordre de Malte

Aux xvie et xviie siècles, les preuves de noblesses pour l’admission en tant que chevalier de Malte deviennent de plus en plus strictes. Les grandes familles siciliennes, et plus largement de la péninsule italienne, qui comptent souvent de nombreux juristes en leur sein, sont contraintes de se plier à ces nouvelles exigences de pureté de sang et de lignage. Si le statut de docteur en droit leur garantit toujours le titre de noblesse et leur permet de faire entrer des cadets dans l’Ordre, le statut de notaire en revanche est de plus en plus contesté, jusqu’à son éviction complète.During the 16th and 17th centuries, the proof of nobility required for admission as a Knight of Malta became more and more strict. Many noble families from Sicily, and more generally from the Italian peninsula, which often included lawyers among their kin, were obliged to obey these new requirements for purity of blood and lineage. The status of “Doctor of Law” always guaranteed the title of nobility and allowed families to enter the Order of Malta. However, the status of notary was more and more disputed, until its complete removal from genealogies

Severe Kawasaki disease in a 3-month-old patient: a case report

BACKGROUND: Kawasaki disease is a multi-system vasculitis which usually occurs in children under 5 years of age. In infants under three months of age, it is very rare and usually associated with a high incidence of incomplete or atypical forms, often unresponsive to treatment. This condition increases the risk of cardiovascular complications such as coronary artery aneurysms. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a 3-month-old infant who developed early and severe aneurysms in three coronary arteries despite a timely administration of intravenous immunoglobulins, followed by three days of intravenous methylprednisolone. CONCLUSION: This case report underlines that the development of coronary artery aneurysm correlates with a delayed diagnosis and treatment, incomplete or atypical forms of the disease, and additionally the severity of clinical presentation, especially in cases of very young infants below 3 months of age. Our case is notable because of the very young age of the patient, the severity of clinical presentation with an early development of coronary artery aneurysms and the unresponsiveness to the therapy

Lifestyles and sexuality in men and women: the gender perspective in sexual medicine

Sexual health is strictly related with general health in both genders. In presence of a sexual dysfunction, the expert in sexual medicine aims to discover the specific weight of the physical and psychological factors can cause or con-cause the sexual problem. At the same time, a sexual dysfunction can represent a marker of the future development of a Non-communicable diseases (NCDss) as cardiovascular or metabolic diseases.In the evaluation phase, the sexual health specialist must focus on these aspects, focusing especially on the risk and protective factors that could impact on both male and female sexuality.This article presents a review of researches concerning healthy and unhealthy lifestyles and their contribute in the development of sexual quality of life in a gender-dependent manner.Among the unhealthy lifestyle, obesity contributes mostly to the development of sexual dysfunctions, due to its negative impact on cardiovascular and metabolic function. Tobacco smoking, alcohol - substance abuse and chronic stress lead to the development of sexual dysfunction in a med-long term.In order to guarantee a satisfying sexual quality of life, sexual health specialists have the responsibility to guide the patient through the adoption of healthy lifestyles, such as avoiding drugs, smoke and excessive alcohol, practicing a regular physical activity, following a balanced diet and use stress-management strategies, even before proposing both pharmaco- and/or psychotherapies

Influence of diabetes mellitus on inflammatory bowel disease course and treatment outcomes. A systematic review with meta-analysis

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) may occur in IBD and influence the disease progression

The mediating effect of mood spectrum on the relationship between autistic traits and catatonia spectrum

BackgroundIn the recent years, several studies have shown a correlation between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and catatonia. It is also known that both conditions are found to be associated with mood disorders. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between autistic traits and catatonic symptoms, as well as the potential mediating role of mood disorder spectrum in the relationship between them.MethodsThe total sample of 514 subjects was composed by four diagnostic groups, composed by patients affected by catatonia (CTN), borderline personality disorder (BPD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HC). Subjects were assessed with the SCID-5-RV, the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum) and the Catatonia Spectrum (CS) and the Mood Spectrum Self-Report (MOODS-SR). Statistical analyses included Pearson’s coefficient calculation, multiple linear regression, and mediation analysis.Resultsall the correlations appear to be strongly positive and significant with the strongest coefficient emerging between AdAS Spectrum total score and CS total score (r = 0.762, p < 0.001). The Mediation Analysis showed that AdAS Spectrum total score showed a significant indirect effect on CS total score through MOODS-SR total score (b = 0.168, 95% bootstrapped CI [0.127:0.207]).ConclusionThe present study highlights the presence of a mediating role of the mood disorder spectrum in the relationship between autistic traits and the catatonia spectrum

How future surgery will benefit from SARS-COV-2-related measures: a SPIGC survey conveying the perspective of Italian surgeons

COVID-19 negatively affected surgical activity, but the potential benefits resulting from adopted measures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surgical activity and potential benefit from COVID-19 measures in perspective of Italian surgeons on behalf of SPIGC. A nationwide online survey on surgical practice before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic was conducted in March-April 2022 (NCT:05323851). Effects of COVID-19 hospital-related measures on surgical patients' management and personal professional development across surgical specialties were explored. Data on demographics, pre-operative/peri-operative/post-operative management, and professional development were collected. Outcomes were matched with the corresponding volume. Four hundred and seventy-three respondents were included in final analysis across 14 surgical specialties. Since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, application of telematic consultations (4.1% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.0001) and diagnostic evaluations (16.4% vs. 42.2%; p < 0.0001) increased. Elective surgical activities significantly reduced and surgeons opted more frequently for conservative management with a possible indication for elective (26.3% vs. 35.7%; p < 0.0001) or urgent (20.4% vs. 38.5%; p < 0.0001) surgery. All new COVID-related measures are perceived to be maintained in the future. Surgeons' personal education online increased from 12.6% (pre-COVID) to 86.6% (post-COVID; p < 0.0001). Online educational activities are considered a beneficial effect from COVID pandemic (56.4%). COVID-19 had a great impact on surgical specialties, with significant reduction of operation volume. However, some forced changes turned out to be benefits. Isolation measures pushed the use of telemedicine and telemetric devices for outpatient practice and favored communication for educational purposes and surgeon-patient/family communication. From the Italian surgeons' perspective, COVID-related measures will continue to influence future surgical clinical practice

Integrating psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of premature ejaculation

Objectives To describe the different approaches to the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE), with a final focus on integrated treatment, as conventional theories and therapies for PE are based on an organic or psychogenic dichotomy. Methods We list the principal hypotheses of the causes and therapy of PE on the basis of psychological and medical perspectives, after identifying all relevant studies available on Medline up to 2012. Results The cognitive feedback from PE can lead to a 'performance anxiety', which can combine with other conditions to further impair ejaculatory control. For these reasons, a psychological approach is always useful in treating PE, the most useful of which are sex therapy and behavioural therapy. For pharmacological treatment, reports suggest that dapoxetine (60 mg) significantly improves the control of the ejaculatory reflex, and it thus represents the first-line officially approved pharmacotherapy for PE. Conclusions A holistic approach which considers the biological, psychological and relational aspects is the advised treatment for PE. Integrated medical and psycho-sexological therapy requires a mutual understanding of and respect for the different disciplines involved in sexology. In this aspect two very important roles are those of the physician and the psychologist. © 2013 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Arab Association of Urology