The bii4africa dataset of faunal and floral population intactness estimates across Africa’s major land uses

Sub-Saharan Africa is under-represented in global biodiversity datasets, particularly regarding the impact of land use on species’ population abundances. Drawing on recent advances in expert elicitation to ensure data consistency, 200 experts were convened using a modified-Delphi process to estimate ‘intactness scores’: the remaining proportion of an ‘intact’ reference population of a species group in a particular land use, on a scale from 0 (no remaining individuals) to 1 (same abundance as the reference) and, in rare cases, to 2 (populations that thrive in human-modified landscapes). The resulting bii4africa dataset contains intactness scores representing terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods: ±5,400 amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) and vascular plants (±45,000 forbs, graminoids, trees, shrubs) in sub-Saharan Africa across the region’s major land uses (urban, cropland, rangeland, plantation, protected, etc.) and intensities (e.g., large-scale vs smallholder cropland). This dataset was co-produced as part of the Biodiversity Intactness Index for Africa Project. Additional uses include assessing ecosystem condition; rectifying geographic/ taxonomic biases in global biodiversity indicators and maps; and informing the Red List of Ecosystems

The bii4africa dataset of faunal and floral population intactness estimates across Africa’s major land uses

Sub-Saharan Africa is under-represented in global biodiversity datasets, particularly regarding the impact of land use on species’ population abundances. Drawing on recent advances in expert elicitation to ensure data consistency, 200 experts were convened using a modified-Delphi process to estimate ‘intactness scores’: the remaining proportion of an ‘intact’ reference population of a species group in a particular land use, on a scale from 0 (no remaining individuals) to 1 (same abundance as the reference) and, in rare cases, to 2 (populations that thrive in human-modified landscapes). The resulting bii4africa dataset contains intactness scores representing terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods: ±5,400 amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) and vascular plants (±45,000 forbs, graminoids, trees, shrubs) in sub-Saharan Africa across the region’s major land uses (urban, cropland, rangeland, plantation, protected, etc.) and intensities (e.g., large-scale vs smallholder cropland). This dataset was co-produced as part of the Biodiversity Intactness Index for Africa Project. Additional uses include assessing ecosystem condition; rectifying geographic/taxonomic biases in global biodiversity indicators and maps; and informing the Red List of Ecosystems

Neuro-socio-cognitive approach of social perception : new perspectives for disability studies

Ce travail de thèse est pensé comme une contribution originale à la recherche sur le handicap, en adoptant une approche neuro-socio-cognitive de la perception sociale. L’objectif général est de poursuivre l’analyse des facteurs contribuant à comprendre les barrières à l’inclusion sociale auxquelles font face les personnes en situation de handicap. Dans ces recherches, nous discutons l’opérationnalisation du handicap comme une catégorie univoque. Nous abordons également la question centrale de la mesure en psychologie sociale et comment celle-ci peut approcher au mieux la réalité sociale. A partir de ces réflexions, ce travail de thèse suit une ambition double. D’une part, élargir l’objet d’étude du handicap en prenant en compte l’(in)visibilité de la déficience. D’autre part, diversifier les outils d’investigation concernant notre objet d’étude. Pour répondre à ceci, la thèse s’organise autour de deux volets principaux. Le premier volet, centré sur la perception de Soi des individus en situation de handicap, propose quatre études dont deux font l’objet de publications. Globalement, les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle déterminant de facteurs subjectifs, tels que les jugements de soi en terme de compétence. Le deuxième volet de cette thèse se focalise sur l’étude de la perception sociale à l’égard des personnes en situation de handicap. Il s’organise autour de sept études dont quatre s’inscrivent dans deux publications. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’impact du handicap sur la perception d’autrui, modulé par la visibilité de celui-ci. Pour mettre en évidence l’ensemble de ces résultats, les études se sont appuyées sur des outils relevant de la psychologie cognitive, de la cognition sociale et des neurosciences sociales. Cette approche neuro-socio-cognitive permet d’aborder les questions soulevées par le handicap de façon transversale tel que le préconise actuellement la recherche dans ce domaine.This thesis work is conceived as an original contribution to research on disability, by adopting a neuro-socio-cognitive approach to social perception. The main objective is to continue the analysis of the factors contributing to understanding the barriers to social inclusion faced by people with disabilities. In this thesis, we discuss the operationalization of disability as an unambiguous category. We also tackle the central question of measurement in social psychology and how it can best approach social reality. From these reflections, this thesis work follows a double ambition. On the one hand, to broaden the subject of disability study by taking into account the (in)visibility of the disability. On the other hand, to diversify the investigative tools concerning our object of study. To answer this, the thesis is organized around two main components. The first part, centered on the self-perception of individuals with disabilities, offers four studies, two of which are the subject of publications. Overall, the results highlight the determining role of subjective factors, such as self-judgments in terms of competence. The second part of this thesis focuses on the study of social perception towards people with disabilities. It is organized around seven studies, four of which are part of two publications. The results emphasize the impact of disability on the perception of others, modulated by its visibility. To highlight all of these results, the studies relied on tools from cognitive psychology, social cognition and social neuroscience. This neuro-socio-cognitive approach makes it possible to tackle the questions raised by disability in a transversal manner, as currently recommended by research in this field

The Tip of the Iceberg: Uncovering Attitudes towards Invisible Disability

Invisible disabilities account for 80% of all disabilities, but are mostly overlooked in the disability research field. Existing literature suggests that individuals with invisible disabilities face unique challenges in achieving social inclusion. We hypothesized that attitudes towards invisible disabilities are more negative than towards visible disabilities. In three studies (Ntotal = 444), we used an immersive approach-avoidance paradigm to test this hypothesis. Study 1 compared approach-avoidance tendencies towards visible versus invisible disabilities, while Study 2 replicated these results in a population of teachers. Study 3 employed an Incident-VAAST to address participant’s control bias and the artificiality of direct comparisons between visible and invisible disabilities. Our results, supported by frequentist and Bayesian statistics, as well as a mini meta-analysis, consistently showed faster avoidance tendencies towards invisible disabilities, indicating stronger negative attitudes, compared to visible disabilities. This research underscores the urgency of broadening our understanding of disability and its social implications

Neuro-socio-cognitive approach of social perception : new perspectives for disability studies

Ce travail de thèse est pensé comme une contribution originale à la recherche sur le handicap, en adoptant une approche neuro-socio-cognitive de la perception sociale. L’objectif général est de poursuivre l’analyse des facteurs contribuant à comprendre les barrières à l’inclusion sociale auxquelles font face les personnes en situation de handicap. Dans ces recherches, nous discutons l’opérationnalisation du handicap comme une catégorie univoque. Nous abordons également la question centrale de la mesure en psychologie sociale et comment celle-ci peut approcher au mieux la réalité sociale. A partir de ces réflexions, ce travail de thèse suit une ambition double. D’une part, élargir l’objet d’étude du handicap en prenant en compte l’(in)visibilité de la déficience. D’autre part, diversifier les outils d’investigation concernant notre objet d’étude. Pour répondre à ceci, la thèse s’organise autour de deux volets principaux. Le premier volet, centré sur la perception de Soi des individus en situation de handicap, propose quatre études dont deux font l’objet de publications. Globalement, les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle déterminant de facteurs subjectifs, tels que les jugements de soi en terme de compétence. Le deuxième volet de cette thèse se focalise sur l’étude de la perception sociale à l’égard des personnes en situation de handicap. Il s’organise autour de sept études dont quatre s’inscrivent dans deux publications. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’impact du handicap sur la perception d’autrui, modulé par la visibilité de celui-ci. Pour mettre en évidence l’ensemble de ces résultats, les études se sont appuyées sur des outils relevant de la psychologie cognitive, de la cognition sociale et des neurosciences sociales. Cette approche neuro-socio-cognitive permet d’aborder les questions soulevées par le handicap de façon transversale tel que le préconise actuellement la recherche dans ce domaine.This thesis work is conceived as an original contribution to research on disability, by adopting a neuro-socio-cognitive approach to social perception. The main objective is to continue the analysis of the factors contributing to understanding the barriers to social inclusion faced by people with disabilities. In this thesis, we discuss the operationalization of disability as an unambiguous category. We also tackle the central question of measurement in social psychology and how it can best approach social reality. From these reflections, this thesis work follows a double ambition. On the one hand, to broaden the subject of disability study by taking into account the (in)visibility of the disability. On the other hand, to diversify the investigative tools concerning our object of study. To answer this, the thesis is organized around two main components. The first part, centered on the self-perception of individuals with disabilities, offers four studies, two of which are the subject of publications. Overall, the results highlight the determining role of subjective factors, such as self-judgments in terms of competence. The second part of this thesis focuses on the study of social perception towards people with disabilities. It is organized around seven studies, four of which are part of two publications. The results emphasize the impact of disability on the perception of others, modulated by its visibility. To highlight all of these results, the studies relied on tools from cognitive psychology, social cognition and social neuroscience. This neuro-socio-cognitive approach makes it possible to tackle the questions raised by disability in a transversal manner, as currently recommended by research in this field

Approche neuro-socio-cognitive de la perception sociale : nouvelles perspectives pour la recherche sur le handicap

This thesis work is conceived as an original contribution to research on disability, by adopting a neuro-socio-cognitive approach to social perception. The main objective is to continue the analysis of the factors contributing to understanding the barriers to social inclusion faced by people with disabilities. In this thesis, we discuss the operationalization of disability as an unambiguous category. We also tackle the central question of measurement in social psychology and how it can best approach social reality. From these reflections, this thesis work follows a double ambition. On the one hand, to broaden the subject of disability study by taking into account the (in)visibility of the disability. On the other hand, to diversify the investigative tools concerning our object of study. To answer this, the thesis is organized around two main components. The first part, centered on the self-perception of individuals with disabilities, offers four studies, two of which are the subject of publications. Overall, the results highlight the determining role of subjective factors, such as self-judgments in terms of competence. The second part of this thesis focuses on the study of social perception towards people with disabilities. It is organized around seven studies, four of which are part of two publications. The results emphasize the impact of disability on the perception of others, modulated by its visibility. To highlight all of these results, the studies relied on tools from cognitive psychology, social cognition and social neuroscience. This neuro-socio-cognitive approach makes it possible to tackle the questions raised by disability in a transversal manner, as currently recommended by research in this field.Ce travail de thèse est pensé comme une contribution originale à la recherche sur le handicap, en adoptant une approche neuro-socio-cognitive de la perception sociale. L’objectif général est de poursuivre l’analyse des facteurs contribuant à comprendre les barrières à l’inclusion sociale auxquelles font face les personnes en situation de handicap. Dans ces recherches, nous discutons l’opérationnalisation du handicap comme une catégorie univoque. Nous abordons également la question centrale de la mesure en psychologie sociale et comment celle-ci peut approcher au mieux la réalité sociale. A partir de ces réflexions, ce travail de thèse suit une ambition double. D’une part, élargir l’objet d’étude du handicap en prenant en compte l’(in)visibilité de la déficience. D’autre part, diversifier les outils d’investigation concernant notre objet d’étude. Pour répondre à ceci, la thèse s’organise autour de deux volets principaux. Le premier volet, centré sur la perception de Soi des individus en situation de handicap, propose quatre études dont deux font l’objet de publications. Globalement, les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle déterminant de facteurs subjectifs, tels que les jugements de soi en terme de compétence. Le deuxième volet de cette thèse se focalise sur l’étude de la perception sociale à l’égard des personnes en situation de handicap. Il s’organise autour de sept études dont quatre s’inscrivent dans deux publications. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’impact du handicap sur la perception d’autrui, modulé par la visibilité de celui-ci. Pour mettre en évidence l’ensemble de ces résultats, les études se sont appuyées sur des outils relevant de la psychologie cognitive, de la cognition sociale et des neurosciences sociales. Cette approche neuro-socio-cognitive permet d’aborder les questions soulevées par le handicap de façon transversale tel que le préconise actuellement la recherche dans ce domaine

Neural Empathic Response to Disability: an ERP Study of Prejudice

While social neuroscience has already provided evidence for a deficit of affective empathy in racial prejudice, little is known about other less visible social categories when considered as an outgroup. We studied the process of empathy through event-related potential (ERP). We focused on the group "people with disabilities" as they are the target of a large amount of prejudice. Twenty-six participants performed a pain decision task. The mean amplitudes of N1, P2, N2-N3 and P3 components were recorded. Our results are consistent with previous work on prejudice, showing that the pain detection is modulated by group membership (with disabilities versus without disabilities) on N2-N3, suggesting a better neural decoding of pain versus non-pain in the without-disability condition. Critically, no effect of early sensory components (N1, P2) was found, and P3 was not moderated by disability. These findings indicate a different time course of empathic responses depending on the condition, suggesting that people with disabilities trigger specific empathic responses. Our results contribute to work that is helping to disentangle perceptual processes from affective empathy reactions

Study of coarticulation and F2 transitions in French and Italian adult stutterers

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