The bii4africa dataset of faunal and floral population intactness estimates across Africa’s major land uses

Sub-Saharan Africa is under-represented in global biodiversity datasets, particularly regarding the impact of land use on species’ population abundances. Drawing on recent advances in expert elicitation to ensure data consistency, 200 experts were convened using a modified-Delphi process to estimate ‘intactness scores’: the remaining proportion of an ‘intact’ reference population of a species group in a particular land use, on a scale from 0 (no remaining individuals) to 1 (same abundance as the reference) and, in rare cases, to 2 (populations that thrive in human-modified landscapes). The resulting bii4africa dataset contains intactness scores representing terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods: ±5,400 amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) and vascular plants (±45,000 forbs, graminoids, trees, shrubs) in sub-Saharan Africa across the region’s major land uses (urban, cropland, rangeland, plantation, protected, etc.) and intensities (e.g., large-scale vs smallholder cropland). This dataset was co-produced as part of the Biodiversity Intactness Index for Africa Project. Additional uses include assessing ecosystem condition; rectifying geographic/ taxonomic biases in global biodiversity indicators and maps; and informing the Red List of Ecosystems

The bii4africa dataset of faunal and floral population intactness estimates across Africa’s major land uses

Sub-Saharan Africa is under-represented in global biodiversity datasets, particularly regarding the impact of land use on species’ population abundances. Drawing on recent advances in expert elicitation to ensure data consistency, 200 experts were convened using a modified-Delphi process to estimate ‘intactness scores’: the remaining proportion of an ‘intact’ reference population of a species group in a particular land use, on a scale from 0 (no remaining individuals) to 1 (same abundance as the reference) and, in rare cases, to 2 (populations that thrive in human-modified landscapes). The resulting bii4africa dataset contains intactness scores representing terrestrial vertebrates (tetrapods: ±5,400 amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) and vascular plants (±45,000 forbs, graminoids, trees, shrubs) in sub-Saharan Africa across the region’s major land uses (urban, cropland, rangeland, plantation, protected, etc.) and intensities (e.g., large-scale vs smallholder cropland). This dataset was co-produced as part of the Biodiversity Intactness Index for Africa Project. Additional uses include assessing ecosystem condition; rectifying geographic/taxonomic biases in global biodiversity indicators and maps; and informing the Red List of Ecosystems

Neuro-socio-cognitive approach of social perception : new perspectives for disability studies

Ce travail de thèse est pensé comme une contribution originale à la recherche sur le handicap, en adoptant une approche neuro-socio-cognitive de la perception sociale. L’objectif général est de poursuivre l’analyse des facteurs contribuant à comprendre les barrières à l’inclusion sociale auxquelles font face les personnes en situation de handicap. Dans ces recherches, nous discutons l’opérationnalisation du handicap comme une catégorie univoque. Nous abordons également la question centrale de la mesure en psychologie sociale et comment celle-ci peut approcher au mieux la réalité sociale. A partir de ces réflexions, ce travail de thèse suit une ambition double. D’une part, élargir l’objet d’étude du handicap en prenant en compte l’(in)visibilité de la déficience. D’autre part, diversifier les outils d’investigation concernant notre objet d’étude. Pour répondre à ceci, la thèse s’organise autour de deux volets principaux. Le premier volet, centré sur la perception de Soi des individus en situation de handicap, propose quatre études dont deux font l’objet de publications. Globalement, les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle déterminant de facteurs subjectifs, tels que les jugements de soi en terme de compétence. Le deuxième volet de cette thèse se focalise sur l’étude de la perception sociale à l’égard des personnes en situation de handicap. Il s’organise autour de sept études dont quatre s’inscrivent dans deux publications. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’impact du handicap sur la perception d’autrui, modulé par la visibilité de celui-ci. Pour mettre en évidence l’ensemble de ces résultats, les études se sont appuyées sur des outils relevant de la psychologie cognitive, de la cognition sociale et des neurosciences sociales. Cette approche neuro-socio-cognitive permet d’aborder les questions soulevées par le handicap de façon transversale tel que le préconise actuellement la recherche dans ce domaine.This thesis work is conceived as an original contribution to research on disability, by adopting a neuro-socio-cognitive approach to social perception. The main objective is to continue the analysis of the factors contributing to understanding the barriers to social inclusion faced by people with disabilities. In this thesis, we discuss the operationalization of disability as an unambiguous category. We also tackle the central question of measurement in social psychology and how it can best approach social reality. From these reflections, this thesis work follows a double ambition. On the one hand, to broaden the subject of disability study by taking into account the (in)visibility of the disability. On the other hand, to diversify the investigative tools concerning our object of study. To answer this, the thesis is organized around two main components. The first part, centered on the self-perception of individuals with disabilities, offers four studies, two of which are the subject of publications. Overall, the results highlight the determining role of subjective factors, such as self-judgments in terms of competence. The second part of this thesis focuses on the study of social perception towards people with disabilities. It is organized around seven studies, four of which are part of two publications. The results emphasize the impact of disability on the perception of others, modulated by its visibility. To highlight all of these results, the studies relied on tools from cognitive psychology, social cognition and social neuroscience. This neuro-socio-cognitive approach makes it possible to tackle the questions raised by disability in a transversal manner, as currently recommended by research in this field

Neuro-socio-cognitive approach of social perception : new perspectives for disability studies

Ce travail de thèse est pensé comme une contribution originale à la recherche sur le handicap, en adoptant une approche neuro-socio-cognitive de la perception sociale. L’objectif général est de poursuivre l’analyse des facteurs contribuant à comprendre les barrières à l’inclusion sociale auxquelles font face les personnes en situation de handicap. Dans ces recherches, nous discutons l’opérationnalisation du handicap comme une catégorie univoque. Nous abordons également la question centrale de la mesure en psychologie sociale et comment celle-ci peut approcher au mieux la réalité sociale. A partir de ces réflexions, ce travail de thèse suit une ambition double. D’une part, élargir l’objet d’étude du handicap en prenant en compte l’(in)visibilité de la déficience. D’autre part, diversifier les outils d’investigation concernant notre objet d’étude. Pour répondre à ceci, la thèse s’organise autour de deux volets principaux. Le premier volet, centré sur la perception de Soi des individus en situation de handicap, propose quatre études dont deux font l’objet de publications. Globalement, les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle déterminant de facteurs subjectifs, tels que les jugements de soi en terme de compétence. Le deuxième volet de cette thèse se focalise sur l’étude de la perception sociale à l’égard des personnes en situation de handicap. Il s’organise autour de sept études dont quatre s’inscrivent dans deux publications. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’impact du handicap sur la perception d’autrui, modulé par la visibilité de celui-ci. Pour mettre en évidence l’ensemble de ces résultats, les études se sont appuyées sur des outils relevant de la psychologie cognitive, de la cognition sociale et des neurosciences sociales. Cette approche neuro-socio-cognitive permet d’aborder les questions soulevées par le handicap de façon transversale tel que le préconise actuellement la recherche dans ce domaine.This thesis work is conceived as an original contribution to research on disability, by adopting a neuro-socio-cognitive approach to social perception. The main objective is to continue the analysis of the factors contributing to understanding the barriers to social inclusion faced by people with disabilities. In this thesis, we discuss the operationalization of disability as an unambiguous category. We also tackle the central question of measurement in social psychology and how it can best approach social reality. From these reflections, this thesis work follows a double ambition. On the one hand, to broaden the subject of disability study by taking into account the (in)visibility of the disability. On the other hand, to diversify the investigative tools concerning our object of study. To answer this, the thesis is organized around two main components. The first part, centered on the self-perception of individuals with disabilities, offers four studies, two of which are the subject of publications. Overall, the results highlight the determining role of subjective factors, such as self-judgments in terms of competence. The second part of this thesis focuses on the study of social perception towards people with disabilities. It is organized around seven studies, four of which are part of two publications. The results emphasize the impact of disability on the perception of others, modulated by its visibility. To highlight all of these results, the studies relied on tools from cognitive psychology, social cognition and social neuroscience. This neuro-socio-cognitive approach makes it possible to tackle the questions raised by disability in a transversal manner, as currently recommended by research in this field

Approche neuro-socio-cognitive de la perception sociale : nouvelles perspectives pour la recherche sur le handicap

This thesis work is conceived as an original contribution to research on disability, by adopting a neuro-socio-cognitive approach to social perception. The main objective is to continue the analysis of the factors contributing to understanding the barriers to social inclusion faced by people with disabilities. In this thesis, we discuss the operationalization of disability as an unambiguous category. We also tackle the central question of measurement in social psychology and how it can best approach social reality. From these reflections, this thesis work follows a double ambition. On the one hand, to broaden the subject of disability study by taking into account the (in)visibility of the disability. On the other hand, to diversify the investigative tools concerning our object of study. To answer this, the thesis is organized around two main components. The first part, centered on the self-perception of individuals with disabilities, offers four studies, two of which are the subject of publications. Overall, the results highlight the determining role of subjective factors, such as self-judgments in terms of competence. The second part of this thesis focuses on the study of social perception towards people with disabilities. It is organized around seven studies, four of which are part of two publications. The results emphasize the impact of disability on the perception of others, modulated by its visibility. To highlight all of these results, the studies relied on tools from cognitive psychology, social cognition and social neuroscience. This neuro-socio-cognitive approach makes it possible to tackle the questions raised by disability in a transversal manner, as currently recommended by research in this field.Ce travail de thèse est pensé comme une contribution originale à la recherche sur le handicap, en adoptant une approche neuro-socio-cognitive de la perception sociale. L’objectif général est de poursuivre l’analyse des facteurs contribuant à comprendre les barrières à l’inclusion sociale auxquelles font face les personnes en situation de handicap. Dans ces recherches, nous discutons l’opérationnalisation du handicap comme une catégorie univoque. Nous abordons également la question centrale de la mesure en psychologie sociale et comment celle-ci peut approcher au mieux la réalité sociale. A partir de ces réflexions, ce travail de thèse suit une ambition double. D’une part, élargir l’objet d’étude du handicap en prenant en compte l’(in)visibilité de la déficience. D’autre part, diversifier les outils d’investigation concernant notre objet d’étude. Pour répondre à ceci, la thèse s’organise autour de deux volets principaux. Le premier volet, centré sur la perception de Soi des individus en situation de handicap, propose quatre études dont deux font l’objet de publications. Globalement, les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle déterminant de facteurs subjectifs, tels que les jugements de soi en terme de compétence. Le deuxième volet de cette thèse se focalise sur l’étude de la perception sociale à l’égard des personnes en situation de handicap. Il s’organise autour de sept études dont quatre s’inscrivent dans deux publications. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’impact du handicap sur la perception d’autrui, modulé par la visibilité de celui-ci. Pour mettre en évidence l’ensemble de ces résultats, les études se sont appuyées sur des outils relevant de la psychologie cognitive, de la cognition sociale et des neurosciences sociales. Cette approche neuro-socio-cognitive permet d’aborder les questions soulevées par le handicap de façon transversale tel que le préconise actuellement la recherche dans ce domaine

Study of coarticulation and F2 transitions in French and Italian adult stutterers

International audienceno abstrac

Breaking the Mold: Disability Stereotyping is Shaped by Stigma Characteristics

The aim of this work was to investigate disability stereotypes as a key aspect of the stigmatisation by considering two of its features, i.e., its visibility, centrally and its controllability, more peripherally. The literature suggests that people with invisible disabilities face more social difficulties than those with visible disabilities. Accordingly, we hypothesised more negative stereotypes towards invisible disabilities. This hypothesis was tested using between- (pilot study) and within-subject (Studies 1a and 1b) designs. Stereotypes associated with disabilities were also measured according to their onset controllability (Study 2). Our results support the hypothesis that stereotypes associated with disabilities vary according to visibility. Specifically, people with invisible disabilities are perceived to be less warm but more competent than those with visible disabilities. These findings highlight the importance of considering the features of a disability when studying stereotypes and stigmatization

The Tip of the Iceberg: Uncovering Attitudes towards Invisible Disability

Invisible disabilities account for 80% of all disabilities, but are mostly overlooked in the disability research field. Existing literature indicates that social inclusion of individuals with invisible disabilities is particularly challenging, potentially leading to heightened experiences of discrimination compared to individuals with visible disabilities. Related to these difficulties, we hypothesized that attitudes towards invisible disabilities are more negative than towards visible disabilities. In three studies (Ntotal = 444), we used the VAAST (Visual Approach Avoidance by the Self Task), an immersive approach-avoidance paradigm to test this hypothesis. In Study 1, approach-avoidance tendencies towards visible and invisible disabilities were compared, and Study 2 replicated these findings among a population of teachers. Study 3 employed an Incident-VAAST, allowing indirect evaluations of approach-avoidance tendencies, to address potential participants’ control bias and the artificiality of direct comparisons between visible and invisible disabilities. Our results, supported by frequentist and Bayesian statistics, as well as a mini meta-analysis, consistently showed faster avoidance tendencies towards invisible disabilities, indicating stronger negative attitudes, compared to visible disabilities. This research brings evidence concerning the social exclusion specifically faced by people with invisible disabilities, nuancing the actual state of knowledge and raising awareness about the experiences of the majority of individuals with disabilities

Classification de stades précancéreux et cancéreux précoces cutanés par spectroscopie bimodale /in vivo/

National audienc