Unusual spin properties of InP wurtzite nanowires revealed by Zeeman splitting spectroscopy

In this study, we present a complete experimental and theoretical investigation of the fundamental exciton Zeeman splitting in wurtzite InP nanowires. We determined the exciton gyromagnetic factor, $g_{exc}$, by magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy using magnetic fields up to 29 T. We found that $g_{exc}$ is strongly anisotropic with values differing in excess of 50\% between the magnetic field oriented parallel and perpendicular to the nanowire long axis. Furthermore, for magnetic fields oriented along the nanowire axis, $g_{exc}$ is nearly three times larger than in bulk zincblende InP and it shows a marked sublinear dependence on the magnetic field, a common feature to other non-nitride III-V wurtzite nanowires but not properly understood. Remarkably, this nonlinearity originates from only one Zeeman branch characterized by a specific type of light polarization. All the experimental findings are modeled theoretically by a robust approach combining the $k \cdot p$ method with the envelope function approximation and including the electron-hole interaction. We revealed that the nonlinear features arise due to the coupling between Landau levels pertaining to the A (heavy-hole like) and B (light-hole like) valence bands of the wurtzite crystal structure. This general behavior is particularly relevant for the understanding of the spin properties of several wurtzite nanowires that host the set for the observation of topological phases potentially at the base of quantum computing platforms

Ground/space, passive/active remote sensing observations coupled with particle dispersion modelling to understand the inter-continental transport of wildfire smoke plumes

During the 2017 record-breaking burning season in Canada/United States, intense wild fires raged during the first week of September in the Pacific northwestern region (British Columbia, Alberta, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana and northern California) burning mostly temperate coniferous forests. The heavy loads of smoke particles emitted in the atmosphere reached the Iberian Peninsula (IP) a few days later on 7 and 8 September. Satellite imagery allows to identify two main smoke clouds emitted during two different periods that were injected and transported in the atmosphere at several altitude levels. Columnar properties on 7 and 8 September at two Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) mid-altitude, background sites in northern and southern Spain are: aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 440 nm up to 0.62, Ångström exponent of 1.6–1.7, large dominance of small particles (fine mode fraction >0.88), low absorption AOD at 440 nm (0.98). Profiles from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) show the presence of smoke particles in the stratosphere during the transport, whereas the smoke is only observed in the troposphere at its arrival over the IP. Portuguese and Spanish ground lidar stations from the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network/Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network (EARLINET/ACTRIS) and the Micro-Pulse Lidar NETwork (MPLNET) reveal smoke plumes with different properties: particle depolarization ratio and color ratio, respectively, of 0.05 and 2.5 in the mid troposphere (5–9 km) and of 0.10 and 3.0 in the upper troposphere (10–13 km). In the mid troposphere the particle depolarization ratio does not seem time-dependent during the transport whereas the color ratio seems to increase (larger particles sediment first). To analyze the horizontal and vertical transport of the smoke from its origin to the IP, particle dispersion modelling is performed with the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) parameterized with satellite-derived biomass burning emission estimates from the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). Three compounds are simulated: carbon monoxide, black carbon and organic carbon. The results show that the first smoke plume which travels slowly reaches rapidly (~1 day) the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) but also shows evidence of large scale horizontal dispersion, while the second plume, entrained by strong subtropical jets, reaches the upper troposphere much slower (~2.5 days). Observations and dispersion modelling all together suggest that particle depolarization properties are enhanced during their vertical transport from the mid to the upper troposphere.Spanish groups acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (MINECO) (ref. CGL2013-45410-R, CGL2014-52877-R, CGL2014-55230-R, TEC2015-63832-P, CGL2015-73250-JIN, CGL2016-81092-R and CGL2017-85344-R)European Union through H2020 programme ACTRIS-2, grant 654109European Union through H2020 programme EUNADICS-AV, grant 723986European Union through H2020 programme GRASP-ACE, grant 77834

Изменчивость биомассы дождевых червей (Lumbricidae) как отклик биоты на различные экологические условия в модельных экспериментах

В експерименті вивчено вплив різних варіантів субстратів, які використовують у лісовій рекультивації, підстилок із листя деревних порід та зволоження на представників грунтових сапрофагів (Lumbricidae). Встановлено достовірний вплив субстратів, підстилок та зволоження на збільшення біомаси дощових черв'яків.Influence of various soil blends used in forest rehabilitation, leaf litters of trees, and humidity levels on soil saprophages (Lumbricidae) is experimentally studied. Significant influence of substrates, litters, and humidity levels on the increase of earthworms' biomass has been determined

Optical study on intrinsic exciton states in high-quality CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals

Organolead halide perovskites have emerged as potential building blocks for photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. Yet the underlying fundamental physics is not well understood. There is lack of agreement on the electronic band structures and binding energies of coupled electron-hole pairs (excitons), which drive the photophysical processes. In this work, we conducted temperature-dependent reflectance and photoluminescence experiments on high-quality CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals. Two direct optical transitions corresponding to intrinsic free-excitons are clearly resolved, showing excellent consistence between the low-temperature (T=10 K) reflectance and photoluminescence spectra. Remarkably, the excitons have different binding energies and behave oppositely with temperature, suggesting distinctive origins. Moreover, the asymmetric photoluminescence profile is counterintuitively dominated by the high-energy exciton that is explained by a long relaxation time between levels and by the favorable generation rate of electron-hole pairs at the high-energy band. Our study opens access to the intrinsic properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 and sheds light to reconcile the large range of binding energies reported on these emergent direct band-gap semiconductors.NRF (Natl Research Foundation, S’pore)MOE (Min. of Education, S’pore)Published versio

A 3D haloplumbate framework constructed from unprecedented Lindqvist-like highly coordinated [Pb6Br25]13- nanoclusters with temperature-dependent emission

Searching novel haloplumbate building units to construct three-dimensional (3D) frameworks is very important and highly desirable because such materials would possess new physical properties and potential applications. Here, by employing tetrakis(N-imidazolemethylene)methane(TIMM) as a structure-directing agent, the first 3D haloplumbate framework constructed from unprecedented Lindqvist-like highly coordinated [Pb6 Br25 ]13- nanoclusters has been successfully prepared under hydrothermal condition, where all Pb2+ centres in [Pb6 Br25 ]13- nanoclusters adopt seven-/eight-coordinated configurations. The as-obtained material is a wide-gap semiconductor (≈3.1 eV) and can be stable up to 320 °C. More importantly, this material has been demonstrated to show temperature-dependent emission. Our results could provide a new strategy to explore novel metal-halide open-framework materials.Ministry of Education (MOE)Accepted versionQ.Z acknowledges financial support from AcRF Tier 1 (RG 111/17, RG 2/17, RG 114/16, RG 8/16) and Tier 2 (MOE 2017-T2-1-021), Singapore. Q.X. gratefully acknowledges the funding support from Singapore Ministry of Education via AcRF Tier 1 grants (RG 113/16 and RG 194/17)

Value and Anisotropy of the Electron and Hole Mass in Pure Wurtzite InP Nanowires

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Direct observation of magnon-phonon strong coupling in two-dimensional antiferromagnet at high magnetic fields

We report the direct observation of strong coupling between magnons and phonons in a two-dimensional antiferromagnetic semiconductor FePS_{3}, via magneto-Raman spectroscopy at magnetic fields up to 30 Tesla. A Raman-active magnon at 121  cm^{-1} is identified through Zeeman splitting in an applied magnetic field. At a field-driven resonance with a nearby phonon mode, a hybridized magnon-phonon quasiparticle is formed due to strong coupling between the two modes. We develop a microscopic model of the strong coupling in the two-dimensional magnetic lattice, which enables us to elucidate the nature of the emergent quasiparticle. Our polarized Raman results directly show that the magnons transfer their spin angular momentum to the phonons and generate phonon spin through the strong coupling.Ministry of Education (MOE)Nanyang Technological UniversityPublished versionThis work is mainly supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education via AcRF Tier 3 Programme “Geometrical Quantum Material” (MOE2018-T3-1-002). Q. X. acknowledges strong support from the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and the start-up grant from Tsinghua University. P. S. acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Education, Singapore, through Grant No. MOE2019-T2-2-119. A. G. D. A. gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the Presidential Postdoctoral Fellowship program of the Nanyang Technological University Singapore. Z. S. was supported by project LTAUSA19034 from Ministry of Education Youth and Sports (MEYS)

High Magnetic Field Reveals the Nature of Excitons in a Single GaAs/AlAs Core/Shell Nanowire

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