Sailors’ “Bring-Backs” From the Nineteenth Century New England Whaling Industry: A Wooden Moai From Rapa Nui (Easter Island)

Two examples of artifact collections that were brought back from the South Seas by Yankee whalers are documented. Among them is a singular head of a wooden moai from Rapa Nui (Easter Island), which is analyzed here and absolutely dated. This small sculpture is associated with an early phase of the American whaling industry in the Pacific

TCAS Benchmark, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1996

Volume ten and issue four of TCAS Benchmark. Address redacted on last page.https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/specialcollections_ntasrecords/1265/thumbnail.jp

New insights into Eastern Beringian mortuary behavior: A terminal Pleistocene double infant burial at Upward Sun River

Here we report on the discovery of two infant burials dating to 11,500 calibrated years (cal) B.P. at the Upward Sun River site in central Alaska. The infants were interred in a pit feature with associated organic and lithic grave goods, including the earliest known North American hafted bifaces with decorated antler foreshafts. Skeletal and dental analyses indicate that Individual 1 died shortly after birth and Individual 2 was a late-term fetus, making these the youngest-aged late Pleistocene individuals known for the Americas and the only known prenate, offering, to our knowledge, the first opportunity to explore mortuary treatment of the youngest members of a terminal Pleistocene North American population. This burial was situated 40 cm directly below a cremated 3-y-old child previously discovered in association with a central hearth of a residential feature. The burial and cremation are contemporaneous, and differences in body orientation, treatment, and associated grave goods within a single feature and evidence for residential occupation between burial episodes indicate novel mortuary behaviors. The human remains, grave goods, and associated fauna provide rare direct data on organic technology, economy, seasonality of residential occupations, and infant/child mortality of terminal Pleistocene Beringians

Active Recovery and Electro-Muscular Stimulation on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness after Endurance Running: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background/Purpose: Current research on strategies to decrease delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) has focused on the effects of active and passive recovery on athletic performance across various sports, but there is little evidence regarding these recoveries at reducing DOMS induced by aerobic activities, such as running. In addition, there is limited research regarding the efficacy of recovery using electro-muscular stimulation (EMS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of active and EMS recovery in decreasing DOMS. Subjects: Forty-eight healthy subjects (25 males and 23 females) between the ages of 20 and 40 (25.1 ± 2.9) participated. Methods: In this repeated measures design, each subject underwent two randomized testing periods, one for each of the recovery methods (active and EMS). Active recovery consisted of 15 minutes of brisk walking or submaximal jogging. EMS recovery consisted of 15 minutes of a biphasic symmetrical wave-form with a pulse width of 250 microseconds that started at 10Hz and then progressively decreased by 1 Hz every two minutes. Within each testing period, subjects were evaluated before and after a 1.5 mile run using blood lactate accumulation (BLA), visual analog scale for pain (VAS) on various muscle groups, pain pressure algometry (PPA) on the hamstrings, and sprint performance (40 yard dash). In addition, DOMS was assessed 48 hours later using the same outcomes. Results: There were no differences between recovery methods regarding BLA or VAS scores for the hamstrings or gastrocnemius/soleus. However, VAS scores for the quadriceps were different between the two recovery methods (p=.001), with more pain in the quadriceps after 48 hours in the EMS condition. There were no differences between recovery methods for PPA or sprint performance. Conclusions: EMS recovery was just as effective as active recovery across all outcomes, except for increased DOMS of the quadriceps in the EMS condition. Due to electrode placement on the hamstrings, the recovery in the quadriceps for the EMS condition was essentially passive. While active recovery and EMS recovery were comparable across all outcomes, EMS recovery occurs without the increased heart rate and energy expenditure associated with active recovery

History of the sedimentary infilling of Yarimburgaz Cave, Turkey

Yarimburgaz is a double cave with slightly offset upper and lower entrance chambers, connected laterally inside the cave. Below Byzantine and modern debris, the upper cave encloses Chalcolithic to Upper Paleolithic occupations above a beach sand attributed to the Last Interglacial. Below the beach sand, strongly modified sediments contain sparse Lower Paleolithic artifacts. The lower cave preserves only Lower Paleolithic industries, but with abundant cave bear and other fauna. Lower cave sediments (>5 m thick) comprise a lower, barren section of decalcification clays interfingering with alluvial fine sands, small gravel and rounded pebbles from the cave interior, and isolated limestone blocks from the cave ceiling. These sediments have been strongly affected by secondary phosphatization that fills vugs, cements the sediments, and produces thick reaction rinds on the large blocks. The upper 2 m of the fill becomes more rocky as the evidence of human and bear utilization of the cave becomes prominent. No habitation structures or hearths were detected in the lower cave. ESR and uranium-series dating suggests an age between >160 and 390 ka for the lower cave occupations. Apparently the cave was wide open to the exterior at that time. The final phase of filling was characterized by abundant angular limestone blocks, suggestive of earthquake disturbance. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34951/1/3_ftp.pd