An Examination of Not-For-Profit Stakeholder Networks for Relationship Management: A Small-Scale Analysis on Social Media

Using a small-scale descriptive network analysis approach, this study highlights the importance of stakeholder networks for identifying valuable stakeholders and the management of existing stakeholders in the context of mental health not-for-profit services. We extract network data from the social media brand pages of three health service organizations from the U.S., U.K., and Australia, to visually map networks of 579 social media brand pages (represented by nodes), connected by 5,600 edges. This network data is analyzed using a collection of popular graph analysis techniques to assess the differences in the way each of the service organizations manage stakeholder networks. We also compare node meta-information against basic topology measures to emphasize the importance of effectively managing relationships with stakeholders who have large external audiences. Implications and future research directions are also discussed

Social features of online networks: the strength of intermediary ties in online social media

An increasing fraction of today social interactions occur using online social media as communication channels. Recent worldwide events, such as social movements in Spain or revolts in the Middle East, highlight their capacity to boost people coordination. Online networks display in general a rich internal structure where users can choose among different types and intensity of interactions. Despite of this, there are still open questions regarding the social value of online interactions. For example, the existence of users with millions of online friends sheds doubts on the relevance of these relations. In this work, we focus on Twitter, one of the most popular online social networks, and find that the network formed by the basic type of connections is organized in groups. The activity of the users conforms to the landscape determined by such groups. Furthermore, Twitter's distinction between different types of interactions allows us to establish a parallelism between online and offline social networks: personal interactions are more likely to occur on internal links to the groups (the weakness of strong ties), events transmitting new information go preferentially through links connecting different groups (the strength of weak ties) or even more through links connecting to users belonging to several groups that act as brokers (the strength of intermediary ties).Comment: 14 pages, 18 figure

Understanding the interplay between social and spatial behaviour

According to personality psychology, personality traits determine many aspects of human behaviour. However, validating this insight in large groups has been challenging so far, due to the scarcity of multi-channel data. Here, we focus on the relationship between mobility and social behaviour by analysing trajectories and mobile phone interactions of ∼1000 individuals from two high-resolution longitudinal datasets. We identify a connection between the way in which individuals explore new resources and exploit known assets in the social and spatial spheres. We show that different individuals balance the exploration-exploitation trade-off in different ways and we explain part of the variability in the data by the big five personality traits. We point out that, in both realms, extraversion correlates with the attitude towards exploration and routine diversity, while neuroticism and openness account for the tendency to evolve routine over long time-scales. We find no evidence for the existence of classes of individuals across the spatio-social domains. Our results bridge the fields of human geography, sociology and personality psychology and can help improve current models of mobility and tie formation

We're in this Together: Sensation of the Host Cell Environment by Endosymbiotic Bacteria

Bacteria inhabit diverse environments, including the inside of eukaryotic cells. While a bacterial invader may initially act as a parasite or pathogen, a subsequent mutualistic relationship can emerge in which the endosymbiotic bacteria and their host share metabolites. While the environment of the host cell provides improved stability when compared to an extracellular environment, the endosymbiont population must still cope with changing conditions, including variable nutrient concentrations, the host cell cycle, host developmental programs, and host genetic variation. Furthermore, the eukaryotic host can deploy mechanisms actively preventing a bacterial return to a pathogenic state. Many endosymbionts are likely to use two-component systems (TCSs) to sense their surroundings, and expanded genomic studies of endosymbionts should reveal how TCSs may promote bacterial integration with a host cell. We suggest that studying TCS maintenance or loss may be informative about the evolutionary pathway taken toward endosymbiosis, or even toward endosymbiont-to-organelle conversion.Peer reviewe

Modern temporal network theory: A colloquium

The power of any kind of network approach lies in the ability to simplify a complex system so that one can better understand its function as a whole. Sometimes it is beneficial, however, to include more information than in a simple graph of only nodes and links. Adding information about times of interactions can make predictions and mechanistic understanding more accurate. The drawback, however, is that there are not so many methods available, partly because temporal networks is a relatively young field, partly because it more difficult to develop such methods compared to for static networks. In this colloquium, we review the methods to analyze and model temporal networks and processes taking place on them, focusing mainly on the last three years. This includes the spreading of infectious disease, opinions, rumors, in social networks; information packets in computer networks; various types of signaling in biology, and more. We also discuss future directions.Comment: Final accepted versio

The use of municipal waste-derived biomass in the production of thermal energy and electrical power

W Polsce nie ma efektywnego ekonomicznie i ekologicznie system odzysku i recyklingu odpadów. Analiza paliw wytworzonych z odpadów wykazałą, że najbardziej ekonomicznym i ekologicznym sposobem ich recyklingu energetycznego jest wytworzenie formowanych alternatywnych paliw energetycznych w postaci sprasowanych kęsów brykietów lub paletów do opalania kotłów w układzie kogeneracjiPoland lacks a waste management and recycling system that would be both cost effective and environmentally friendly. The analysis of waste-derived fuels demonstrated that the most efficient and environmentally friendly way of recycling for energy-generating purposes can be achieved through the production of solid recovered fuels in the form of compressed briquettes or pellets for combined heat and power (CHP) boiler

Przydatnosc kiszonek sporzadzonych z roznymi dodatkami w zywieniu bydla mlecznego

Krowy mleczne podzielono na 3 grupy doświadczalne (po 12 sztuk każda). Czynnikiem doświadczalnym były kiszonki z lucerny (big bale) sporządzone z następującymi dodatkami: melasa, preparat mikrobiologiczny Microsil, preparat mikrobiologiczno-enzymatyczny Bactozym. Oprócz badanych kiszonek krowy w dawce otrzymywały kiszonkę z kukurydzy, siano łąkowe, mieszankę pasz treściwych. Preparaty Microsil i Bactozym wpłynęły na obniżenie poziomu włókna surowego oraz frakcji ADF i NDF w kiszonkach. Dodatek mikrobiologiczny oraz mikrobiologiczno-enzymatyczny ograniczył stopień zagrzewania się kiszonek w trakcie przechowywania w warunkach tlenowych. Skarmiane kiszonki z badanymi preparatami wpłynęły korzystnie na wydajność krów, poziom białka i tłuszczu w mleku oraz na kondycję ciała zwierząt.The dairy cows were divided into three experimental groups (12 heads in each). The experimental factor was lucerne silage (big bales) produced with the following additives: molasses, microbiological preparation Microsil, enzymatic and microbiological preparation Bactozym. Apart from examined silages, the cows’ rations consisted of maize silage, meadow hay, and concentrate mixture. The Microsil and Bactozym additives influenced a drop in fibre and ADF and NDF level in the silages. The microbiological as well as enzymatic and microbiological additives limited the degree of silage overheating in the course of storage under aerobic conditions. The silages with examined additives fed to the cows adventageously affected their condition, yields as well as the protein and fat content in milk

Zastosowanie dodatkow mikrobiologiczno-enzymatyczno-ziolowych przy zakiszaniu zielonek zbozowo-straczkowych. Czesc II. Rozklad w zwaczu i strawnosc skladnikow odzywczych

Celem badań było określenie strawności składników pokarmowych kiszonek z całych roślin zbożowych sporządzonych z dodatkami: Bactozymu, Microsilu, Ostropestu plamistego, Bactozymu+ostropest, Microsilu + ostropest. Grupę kontrolna stanowiła kiszonka bez dodatku. Strawność kiszonek określono metodą klasyczną. Określono również rozkład suchej masy, substancji organicznej i białka ogólnego w żwaczu metodą „in sacco”. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że najwyższymi współczynnikami strawności suchej masy (80,5%), substancji organicznej (81,4%), białka ogólnego (75,5%), tłuszczu surowego (93,3%) i bezazotowych wyciągowych (82,8%) charakteryzowała się kiszonka z dodatkiem ostropestu. W pozostałych kiszonkach strawność składników pokarmowych była niższa. Analizując rozkład składników odżywczych w żwaczu stwierdzono, że rozkład suchej masy wynosił od 40,9 do 44,9%, substancji organicznej 38,5 do 43,2% i był niższy niż białka surowego, który wynosił od 70,6 do 82%.The aim of research was to evaluate the digestibility of cereal and legumes mixture silages treated with Bactozym, Microsil and Silybum marianum, Bactozym+Silybum marianum, Microsil+Silybum marianum additives. The control group was an additive-free silage. The digestibility of silage was determined by the standard method. Additionally the distribution of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein in a rumen was determined by „in sacco” method. On the basis of the results it was stated that the silage with Silybum marianum additive was characterized by the higest digestibility coefficients for dry matter (80.5%), organie matter (81.4%), crude protein (75.5%), crude fat (93.3%) and N-free extract (82.8%). In the other silages the nutrient digestibility was lower. The analysis of nutrient distribution gave the following result: the degradability of dry matter was 40.9 - 44.9%, organic matter 38.5 - 43.2% and was lower than that of crude protein which ranged within 70.6 - 82.0%