Isolierung und Charakterisierung von adulten Pankreasstammzellen zur endokrinen Differenzierung in Richtung Insulin produzierender Zellen

Mit dieser Arbeit ist es uns gelungen, Pdx-1-exprimierende adulte murine Pankreasstammzellen zu isolieren, die wichtige, in der Literatur beschriebene Stammzellmarker aufweisen. Außerdem ist es uns gelungen, mit Hilfe sogenannter "small molecules" wichtige proendokrine Faktoren wie MafA und Ngn3 zu beeinflussen

ROZPROSZONA METODA DO SYMULACJI STANÓW PRZEJŚCIOWYCH DYNAMICZNIE UWZGLĘDNIAJĄCA DODATKOWE WYNIKI AUTONOMICZNYCH AGENTÓW PROGRAMOWYCH

Based on autonomous software agents capable of calculating individual numerical field problems, a distributed method for solving transient field problems is presented. The software agents are running on distributed resources connected via a network and represent a dynamic calculation environment. Communication and data exchange between multiple agents enables their collaboration and allows decisions based on distributed overall knowledge. As unique characteristics, no central unit influences the solution process at any time. The presented simulation example and its evaluated calculation process proves the method to benefit from redundant resources.W oparciu o autonomiczne agenty programowe zdolne do obliczania indywidualnych numerycznych problemów pola, przedstawiono rozproszoną metodę rozwiązywania stanów przejściowych pola. Agenty programowe działają na zasobach rozproszonych połączonych za pośrednictwem sieci i reprezentują środowisko obliczeń dynamicznych. Komunikacja i wymiana danych między wieloma agentami umożliwia ich współpracę i pozwala podejmować decyzje w oparciu o rozproszoną wiedzę ogólną. Jako unikalna charakterystyką jest fakt, że żadna jednostka centralna nie wpływa w żadnym momencie na proces rozwiązania. Przedstawiony przykład symulacji i jej oszacowany proces obliczeniowy dowodzi, że metoda umożliwia korzystanie z nadmiarowych zasobów

Association of prehospital acetylsalicylic acid and heparin administration with favorable neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a matched cohort analysis of the German Resuscitation Registry

Purpose!#!To investigate the global burden of sepsis in hospitalized adults by updating and expanding a systematic review and meta-analysis and to compare findings with recent Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) sepsis estimates.!##!Methods!#!Thirteen electronic databases were searched for studies on population-level sepsis incidence defined according to clinical criteria (Sepsis-1, -2: severe sepsis criteria, or sepsis-3: sepsis criteria) or relevant ICD-codes. The search of the original systematic review was updated for studies published 05/2015-02/2019 and complemented by a search targeting low- or middle-income-country (LMIC) studies published 01/1979-02/2019. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis with incidence of hospital- and ICU-treated sepsis and proportion of deaths among these sepsis cases as outcomes.!##!Results!#!Of 4746 results, 28 met the inclusion criteria. 21 studies contributed data for the meta-analysis and were pooled with 30 studies from the original meta-analysis. Pooled incidence was 189 [95% CI 133, 267] hospital-treated sepsis cases per 100,000 person-years. An estimated 26.7% [22.9, 30.7] of sepsis patients died. Estimated incidence of ICU-treated sepsis was 58 [42, 81] per 100,000 person-years, of which 41.9% [95% CI 36.2, 47.7] died prior to hospital discharge. There was a considerably higher incidence of hospital-treated sepsis observed after 2008 (+ 46% compared to the overall time frame).!##!Conclusions!#!Compared to results from the IHME study, we found an approximately 50% lower incidence of hospital-treated sepsis. The majority of studies included were based on administrative data, thus limiting our ability to assess temporal trends and regional differences. The incidence of sepsis remains unknown for the vast majority of LMICs, highlighting the urgent need for improved epidemiological sepsis surveillance

Involvement of histone deacetylation in MORC2-mediated down-regulation of carbonic anhydrase IX

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) plays an important role in the growth and survival of tumor cells. MORC2 is a member of the MORC protein family. The MORC proteins contain a CW-type zinc finger domain and are predicted to have the function of regulating transcription, but no MORC2 target genes have been identified. Here we performed a DNA microarray hybridization and found CAIX mRNA to be down-regulated 8-fold when MORC2 was overexpressed. This result was further confirmed by northern and western blot analysis. Our results also showed that the protected region 4 (PR4) was important for the repression function of MORC2. Moreover, MORC2 decreased the acetylation level of histone H3 at the CAIX promoter. Meanwhile, trichostatin A (TSA) had an increasing effect on CAIX promoter activity. Among the six HDACs tested, histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) had a much more prominent effect on CAIX repression. ChIP and ChIP Re-IP assays showed that MORC2 and HDAC4 were assembled on the same region of the CAIX promoter. Importantly, we further confirmed that both proteins are simultaneously present in the PR4-binding complex. These results may contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms of CAIX regulation

Evaluation on thermocouples for the Thermal Time-of-Flight flow measurement

The authors report on a flow measurement technique using the Thermal Time-of-Flight (TTOF) method. In this work the velocity of air flowing through a pipe was investigated. For this purpose a filament and several thermocouples were adopted. The filament served as a signal transmitter, which injected thermal pulses into the flowing fluid in the pipe. The generated thermal pulses propagated along the flowing direction towards the thermocouples. In three defined distances the injected thermal pulses were detected by three identical thermocouples, respectively. The time behaviour of the measured output signals was computed using the crosscorrelation process. The time delay of the output signals combined with the knowledge of the distances resulted in the flow velocity. In this work, a flow measurement technique in the velocity range of vmin = 0.01 m/s up to vmax = 1.20 m/s is presented considering laminar flow

Attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy by G-CSF is associated with enhanced migration of bone marrow-derived cells

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to promote mobilization of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMCs) into the bloodstream associated with improved survival and cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether G-CSF is able to attenuate cardiac remodelling in a mouse model of pressure-induced LV hypertrophy focusing on mobilization and migration of BMCs. LV hypertrophy was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in C57BL/6J mice. Fourweeks after TAC procedure. Mice were treated with G-CSF (100g/kg/day;Amgen Biologicals) for 2weeks. The number of migrated BMCs in the heart was analysed by flow cytometry. mRNA expression and protein level of different growth factors in the myocardium were investigated by RT-PCR and ELISA. Functional analyses assessed by echocardiography and immunohistochemical analysis were performed 8weeks after TAC procedure. G-CSF-treated animals revealed enhanced homing of VLA-4(+) and c-kit(+) BMCs associated with increased mRNA expression and protein level of the corresponding homing factors Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 and Stem cell factor in the hypertrophic myocardium. Functionally, G-CSF significantly preserved LV function after TAC procedure, which was associated with a significantly reduced area of fibrosis compared to control animals. Furthermore, G-CSF-treated animals revealed a significant improvement of survival after TAC procedure. In summary, G-CSF treatment preserves cardiac function and is able to diminish cardiac fibrosis after induction of LV hypertrophy associated with increased homing of VLA-4(+) and c-kit(+) BMCs and enhanced expression of their respective homing factors VCAM-1 and SCF