Овочівництво причорномор’я України: сучасний стан галузі в контексті інноваційного розвитку

Метою дослідження є організаційно-економічні особливості виробництва овочевої продукції відкритого ґрунту та картоплі Причорноморського регіону та підвищення їх економічної ефективності на засадах інноваційного розвитку

Représentation proportionnelle et participation électorale : l’hétérogénéité des populations importe-t-elle?

Les plus récentes études ont mis en doute l’idée reçue selon laquelle les systèmes de représentation proportionnelle augmentent systématiquement la participation électorale (Cancela et Geys 2016). Cette relation semble en fait se concrétiser seulement dans les pays d’Europe (Blais 2006), mais aucune étude n’avait jusqu'à maintenant pu expliquer pourquoi l’impact des systèmes électoraux sur le vote diffère selon les régions du monde. Notre analyse empirique, portant sur 572 élections législatives tenues dans 87 pays entre 1970 et 2013, révèle que les systèmes de représentation proportionnelle stimulent effectivement le taux de participation dans les pays ethniquement homogènes comme c’est le cas de la plupart des pays d’Europe, mais qu’ils n’ont cependant aucun effet lorsque les populations sont hétérogènes. Cela est attribuable au fait que la réduction des distorsions électorales engendrée par la représentation proportionnelle n’accroît pas la propension à voter dans les populations ethniquement divisées, possiblement parce que les minorités ethniques peuvent parfois tirer profit de distorsions électorales élevées pour remporter davantage de sièges que sous un système qui en produit peu (Norris 2002). De plus, nos résultats montrent que les systèmes proportionnels favorisent une hausse du nombre de partis indépendamment de l’hétérogénéité ethnique des populations et que cette fragmentation partisane amoindrit la propension à voter dans les populations ethniquement homogènes, mais n’a aucun impact lorsque les sociétés sont hétérogènes.Recent studies have challenged the conventional wisdom that proportional representation systematically increases voter turnout (Cancela and Geys 2016). In fact, this relation doesn’t seem to hold outside of Europe (Blais 2006), although no study has yet been able to explain why the impact of electoral systems differs from one region to another. Using a dataset of 572 legislative elections that took place in 87 countries between 1970 and 2013, our analysis reveals that while proportional representation heightens turnout in ethnically homogeneous countries like most of those in Europe, it doesn’t have an impact when populations are heterogeneous. Furthermore, we find that this is caused by the fact that lower electoral distortions entailed by proportional representation don’t generate better propensity to vote in ethnically divided societies, probably because ethnic minorities can sometimes benefit from disproportional systems to secure more legislative seats than they could otherwise win in fully proportional systems (Norris 2002). Finally, we show that proportional representation increases the number of parties independently of population heterogeneity and while this political fragmentation has a reductive effect on turnout in ethnically homogeneous countries, it has no impact when populations are heterogeneous

Effect of a standardized meal on the threshold of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in patients with stable angina

AbstractObjectives. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of a standardized meal on the ischemie threshold and exercise capacity in a series of 20 patients with stable angina, exerciseinduced ischemia and reversible exercise-induced perfusion defects.Background. It is generally accepted that exercise tolerance in patients with angina is reduced after a meal. However, studies that have addressed this phenomenon have yielded results that are contradictory and inconclusive.Methods. Two exercise tests using the Brace protocol with technetium-99m (99mTc)-sestamibi were performed on consecutive days in a randomized order. One test was performed in the fasting state and the other 30 min after a 1,000-calorle meal.Results. In the postprandial state, exercise time to ischemia was reduced by 20% from 248 ± 93 s to 197 ±87 s (p = 0.0007), time to angina by 15% from 340 ± 82 s to 287 ± 94 s (p = 0.002) and exercise tolerance by 9% from 376 ± 65 s to 344 ± 86 s (p = 0.002). Rate-pressure products at these exercise test end points were not significantly different in the fasting and postprandial tests, and the quantitative 99mTc-sestamibi ischemia score was unchanged.Conclusions. In patients with stable angina, a 1,000-calorie meal significantly reduced tine to ischemia, time to angina and exercise tolerance because of a more rapid increase in myocardial oxygen demand with exercise. The extent and severity of exerciseinduced ischemia were unchanged

Comparative performance of adult social care research, 1996-2011: a bibliometric assessment

Decision-makers in adult social care are increasingly interested in using evidence from research to support or shape their decisions. The scope and nature of the current landscape of adult social care research (ASCR) needs to be better understood. This paper provides a bibliometric assessment of ASCR outputs from 1996 to 2011. ASCR papers were retrieved using three strategies: from key journals; using keywords and noun phrases; and from additional papers preferentially citing or being cited by other ASCR papers. Overall 195,829 ASCR papers were identified in the bibliographic database Scopus, of which 16% involved at least one author from the UK. The UK output increased 2.45-fold between 1996 and 2011. Among selected countries, those with greater research intensity in ASCR generally had higher citation impact, such as the US, UK, Canada and the Netherlands. The top-5 UK institutions in terms of volume of papers in the UK accounted for 26% of total output. We conclude by noting the limitations to bibliometric analysis of ASCR and examine how such analysis can support the strategic development of the field

Collision avoidance effects on the mobility of a UAV swarm using chaotic ant colony with model predictive control.

The recent development of compact and economic small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) permits the development of new UAV swarm applications. In order to enhance the area coverage of such UAV swarms, a novel mobility model has been presented in previous work, combining an Ant Colony algorithm with chaotic dynamics (CACOC). This work is extending CACOC by a Collision Avoidance (CA) mechanism and testing its efficiency in terms of area coverage by the UAV swarm. For this purpose, CACOC is used to compute UAV target waypoints which are tracked by model predictively controlled UAVs. The UAVs are represented by realistic motion models within the virtual robot experimentation platform (V-Rep). This environment is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed CACOC with CA algorithm in an area exploration scenario with 3 UAVs. Finally, its performance is analyzed using metrics

Differential effects of anti-Nogo-A antibody treatment and treadmill training in rats with incomplete spinal cord injury

Locomotor training on treadmills can improve recovery of stepping in spinal cord injured animals and patients. Likewise, lesioned rats treated with antibodies against the myelin associated neurite growth inhibitory protein, Nogo-A, showed increased regeneration, neuronal reorganization and behavioural improvements. A detailed kinematic analysis showed that the hindlimb kinematic patterns that developed in anti-Nogo-A antibody treated versus treadmill trained spinal cord injured rats were significantly different. The synchronous combined treatment group did not show synergistic effects. This lack of synergistic effects could not be explained by an increase in pain perception, sprouting of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) positive fibres or by interference of locomotor training with anti-Nogo-A antibody induced regeneration and sprouting of descending fibre tracts. The differential mechanisms leading to behavioural recovery during task-specific training and in regeneration or plasticity enhancing therapies have to be taken into account in designing combinatorial therapies so that their potential positive interactive effects can be fully expresse