Sharangadhara’s Nadi Pareeksha and its implications in Ayurveda

Ever since man has started colonising the knowledge for survival and dependence over each other made him social animal. But aggregated knowledge and added wisdom transformed such colonisation in to civilizations. Ayurveda is said to be Upanga of Atharvanaveda. The mythological connection yielded the Ayurveda in Triskanda Ayurveda but the amassing the doctrines of Indian philosophy made it to today’s Living sciences the Ayurveda. By 2nd BC the classical works of Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita is believed to have been written. The trend of writing such voluminous work even extended upto 6th AD believed to be the period of Astanga Hrudaya Samhita. The upsurge of Rasa Shastra and the geopolitical changes happening in India had almost pull stopped the progress of Ayurvedic Literature for further 6 centuries. But it was post Shoddala period that is 12th century AD onwards, we find with the specific intent and with a particular domain literature emerged which we call period of Laghutrayee. The same post Shoddala period we find some serious, literary mammoth works in Ayurveda came in the form of commentaries. Dalhana, Chakrapaniduta, Arunaduta and Hemadri commentaries even today believed to more authentic came in this period for the Brihatrayee. This exploration of Sharangadhara in to the Nadi Pareeksha is one such add on with a specific reason addressing the entrance level teaching so that the system become more simpler and approachable. In the article an attempt is made to exhibit need specific moulding of Nadi Pareeksha which was imported from neighbours is specifically blended; not only to the basics of Ayurveda but was practised as a tool of a) diagnosis, b) prognosis c) treatment and d) even death was determined by it

Circulatory system of Sharangadhara Samhita

In the back light of the inspirational article of Kishor Patwardhan ji ‘The history of the discovery of blood circulation: unrecognized contributions of Ayurveda masters’ raising at most relevant issue of neglected Ayurvedic scholars’ contribution to the field of Anatomy-physiology well ahead of the contemporary developing sciences. Crawling in the same lines this article is dedicated for one such legendary Sharangadhara and his work related to Circulatory system. Structural entities play a major role in any of the system; especially in Medicine and that too in Ayurveda as it recommends ‘Rogam ado pareekshet’ shows how important the examination of a diseased person is considered by our Acharyas. The Circulatory System is one such structural physical entity, not only circulate but has additional Functions like Nutrition, Metabolism, Excretion system of body depends, endocrine etc. As early as 200 BC, works to understand this human body was initiated. In this article an attempt is made to sketch out the understanding of circulatory system as evident in 14th century in India through the prismatic view of Sharangadhara Samhita and its commentator

Need to improve awareness and treatment compliance in high-risk patients for diabetic complications in Nepal

Objective/introduction It is known that knowledge, awareness, and practice influence diabetic control. We compared factors pertaining to healthy lifestyle (exercising, avoiding smoking), self-help (attending appointments, following treatment regimens), and diabetic awareness in high-risk patients for diabetic complications, specifically, those on insulin versus non-insulin treatment, and also those with a longer diabetic duration (≥5 years) versus a shorter duration. Methods 200 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes (52.0±11.6 years) attending diabetic clinic at a referral hospital in Nepal were recruited. A structured questionnaire explored non-clinical parameters including age, gender, diabetic duration, awareness about diabetes control, self-help, and lifestyle. Clinical data were also measured: HbA1c, fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood pressure, and treatment type (insulin, diet/tablet). Results A significantly higher proportion of patients on insulin (vs non-insulin) or with diabetic duration ≥5 years (vs <5 years) self-reported not doing regular exercise, forgetting to take medicine, and not knowing whether their diabetes was controlled (p≤0.005). HbA1c/FBS levels were significantly higher for patients on insulin or with a longer diabetic duration (p≤0.001). 92% of those on insulin (vs 31% on non-insulin) and 91% with diabetic duration ≥5 years (vs 28% of <5 years) self-reported to seeking medical help due to episodes of uncontrolled blood sugar in the last year (p<0.001). Conclusion Poor self-help/lifestyle and reduced knowledge/awareness about diabetic control was found in patients on insulin or with longer diabetic duration. This is a worrying finding as these patients are already at high risk for developing diabetic complications. The findings highlight need for targeting this more vulnerable group and provide more support/diabetic educational tools

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Self-Medications in a Rural Community

Background: The consumption of drugs without consulting healthcare professional regardless of side effects and duration of therapy is known as self-medication. This study was conducted to analyze the practice of self-medication and knowledge about the medicines among the common people of rural areas. Methods:&nbsp; 6 months Study was carried out by collecting the data with the help of questionnaire and thereby collecting their answers. The data was analyzed statistically in terms of actual numbers and percentage. Results:&nbsp; As an outcome of our survey, majority of the population were unaware about proper usage of medicines. The survey also shows that NSAIDs are the most consumed medicines. 72.11% stop taking medications without the advice or without informing healthcare provider. 77.56% believe medication without prescription will help them. Conclusion: The survey that most of the common population in the rural areas don’t know about the indication for which they are taking medication and the study also emphasizes&nbsp; the unawareness of common population towards proper usage of medication. Elderly people are on polypharmacy due to multiple and inter current diseases, with their improper use due to lack of knowledge of correct dose, side effects, and interactions would bring serious implications. Community pharmacists should get continuous education and repeated training programs because they are easy accessible to the common population. A proper statutory drug control must be implemented, rationally restricting the availability of drugs to the public. Self-medication is an area where governments and health authorities need to ensure that it is done in a responsible manner, ensuring that safe drugs are made available over the counter and the consumer is given adequate information about the use of drugs and when to consult a doctor. Keywords: Self-medication, irrational use, prevalence, pharmacist, drugs

Utility of Post-Mortem Genetic Testing in Cases of Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS) describes a sudden death with negative autopsy and toxicological analysis. Cardiac genetic disease is a likely etiology. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the clinical utility and combined yield of post-mortem genetic testing (molecular autopsy) in cases of SADS and comprehensive clinical evaluation of surviving relatives. METHODS: We evaluated 302 expertly validated SADS cases with suitable DNA (median age: 24 years; 65% males) who underwent next-generation sequencing using an extended panel of 77 primary electrical disorder and cardiomyopathy genes. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were classified using American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) consensus guidelines. The yield of combined molecular autopsy and clinical evaluation in 82 surviving families was evaluated. A gene-level rare variant association analysis was conducted in SADS cases versus controls. RESULTS: A clinically actionable pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was identified in 40 of 302 cases (13%). The main etiologies established were catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and long QT syndrome (17 [6%] and 11 [4%], respectively). Gene-based rare variants association analysis showed enrichment of rare predicted deleterious variants in RYR2 (p = 5 × 10(-5)). Combining molecular autopsy with clinical evaluation in surviving families increased diagnostic yield from 26% to 39%. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular autopsy for electrical disorder and cardiomyopathy genes, using ACMG guidelines for variant classification, identified a modest but realistic yield in SADS. Our data highlighted the predominant role of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and long QT syndrome, especially the RYR2 gene, as well as the minimal yield from other genes. Furthermore, we showed the enhanced utility of combined clinical and genetic evaluation

Deep phenotyping and genomic data from a nationally representative study on dementia in India

The Harmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-DAD) is a nationally representative in-depth study of cognitive aging and dementia. We present a publicly available dataset of harmonized cognitive measures of 4,096 adults 60 years of age and older in India, collected across 18 states and union territories. Blood samples were obtained to carry out whole blood and serum-based assays. Results are included in a venous blood specimen datafile that can be linked to the Harmonized LASI-DAD dataset. A global screening array of 960 LASI-DAD respondents is also publicly available for download, in addition to neuroimaging data on 137 LASI-DAD participants. Altogether, these datasets provide comprehensive information on older adults in India that allow researchers to further understand risk factors associated with cognitive impairment and dementia.Peer reviewe

Fuzzy Based Gain Scheduled PI Controller for an Isolated Wind Diesel Hybrid Power System

Electrical power is the vital input for the economic development of any developing country. At their zenith, many excellent methods for the generation of power have been developed. The cost of supplying electrical power through grid to rural areas is becoming excessively high due to large investments in transmission and distribution lines, centralized power generating stations and line losses. For these reasons, the stand alone decentralized power generating stations with non– conventional energy sources like wind, biomass, solar energy, micro and mini hydel sources are being considered for electrifying remote rural areas. Hence in this paper an isolated wind–diesel hybrid power system with superconducting magnetic energy storage unit is considered. The hybrid power system is normally equipped with a control system, which functions to reduce the system frequency oscillations and makes the wind turbine generator power output follow the performance curve when the system is subjected to wind/load disturbances. Usually PI controllers are employed in these systems. Unfortunately, since the operating point continuously changes depending on the demand of consumers, this constant gain PI controller are unsuitable to other operating points. Therefore, this paper describes the application of the fuzzy gain scheduling on the PI controller for an isolated wind – diesel hybrid power system with superconducting magnetic energy storage unit

Formulation Development Studies for Sterile Dosages: A Comprehensive Review

Sterile generic dosage development requires that specific critical quality attributes be considered and evaluated, regardless of the route of delivery or the type of registration application. The review briefed with an overview of Pharmaceutical Development study&nbsp;requirements. Each of the various stages of studies like Compatibility with the packaging materials, manufacturing vessels, processing aids, MOCs, Filters, Tubing’s and Gaskets also with special studies to be conducted as part of Regulatory Submission, process considerations. Thus, the chapter offers the formulator an overview of the foundational principles associated with formulation development /Pre-formulation studies of sterile products. Keywords: Pharmaceutical Development, Compatibility, Studies, Hold time