A comparison between body weight-supported treadmill training and conventional over-ground training in dogs with incomplete spinal cord injury

Research Areas: Veterinary SciencesIn human medicine there was no evidence registered of a significant difference in recovery between body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) and conventional over-ground (COGI). There isn’t any similar study in veterinary medicine. Thus, this study aimed to compare the locomotor recovery obtained in incomplete SCI (T11–L3 Hansen type I) post-surgical dogs following BWSTT or COGI protocols, describing their evolution during 7 weeks in regard to OFS classifications. At admission, dogs were blindly randomized in two groups but all were subjected to the same protocol (underwater treadmill training) for the first 2 weeks. After, they were divided in the BWSTT group (n = 10) and the COGI group (n = 10) for the next 2 weeks, where they performed different training. In both groups locomotor training was accompanied by functional electrical stimulation (FES) protocols. Results reported statistically significant differences between all OFS evaluations time-points (p < 0.001) and between the two groups (p < 0.001). In particular with focus on T1 to T3 a two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed and similar results were obtained (p = 0.007). Functional recovery was achieved in 90% (17/19) of all dogs and 100% recovered bladder function. The BWSTT group showed 100% (10/10) recovery within a mean time of 4.6 weeks, while the COGI group had 78% (7/9) within 6.1 weeks. Therefore, BWSTT leads to a faster recovery with a better outcome in general.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Efficiency of a sewage treatment station in the elimination of fecal contamination

Sewage from the various water uses such as domestic and industrial uses, as well as a high content of organic matter may contain chemical, toxic and pathogenic microorganisms. The present study was developed at the Sewage Treatment Station (ETE) in the municipality of Santa Helena de Goiás - Goiás and had as objective to evaluate the efficiency of the sewage treatment process in the elimination of fecal microbial contamination regarding the level of thermotolerant coliforms . Samples were collected in the months of March, April, May and June, which corresponded, respectively, to the rainy and dry season. The samples collected at the arrival of the raw sewage, in the final emissary, source spring being upstream and upstream were conditioned at 4ºC until the moment of the analysis; the Most Probable Number (NMP) or multiple tubes technique was used. It was verified that the ETE reached a significant efficiency index in the elimination of fecal coliforms, and in the period of rain there was a reduction of 99.8% and in the period of the drought a reduction of 99.7% in the fecal contamination after the treatment of sewage

Evaluation Of Physical Properties Of A Nanocomposite After Aging, Bleaching And Staining

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)The objective of the in vitro study was to assess the effect accelerated artificial aging, bleaching agents and coffee staining on the color, gloss, roughness and microhardness of a nanocomposite. Materials and methods: 120 (7 x 2 mm) were prepared and randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 60) depending on the aging. Each group was further subdivided into 6 subgroups (n = 10) according to the bleaching and staining as follows: 10% carbamide peroxide (10% CP), 10% CP + staining, 35% hydrogen peroxide (35% HP), 35% HP + staining, without bleaching treatment (WB) and WB + staining. Scanning electron microscopy was performed for qualitative analysis of the resin surface. Data were submitted to 3- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. As for Delta E, multiple comparisons were performed by using Tukey's and Dunnett's tests (alpha = 0.05). Results: The bleaching reduced significantly the microhardness of the nanocomposite in without aging groups. All physical properties were found to be negatively changed after the aging process, with bleaching treatment with 10% CP increasing significantly the roughness and loss of gloss compared to the 35% HP. Staining reduced microhardness of both with and without aging nanocomposite as well as the color of the former (E>25), a significantly different result compared to controls. Conclusions: The bleaching reduced the microhardness of the nanocomposite, whereas the aging process changed all the properties studied. The bleaching favored extrinsic staining of the with aging nanocomposite.143E256E265Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Federalismo e políticas sociais

The objective of this paper is to comprehend how the relation between federative entities are formed in the state of Paraná, based on the distribution of public resources, constructing acomplemetary system in order to safeguard social rights. Therefore, initially, the applied notion of fiscal federalism is approached. Then, the characteristics of the brazilian structure are presented. In sequence, the deconcentration process post-1988 Federal Constitution is discussed, with particular attention to Paraná. After this, the state’s budget structure and expenditure profile is analyzed, with emphasis on education, healthcare and welfare. The same is done to the state’s municipalities. The final considerations highlight the challenge of coordination between public policies in order to confront regional inequalities.Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir, com base na distribuição dos recursos, como se articulam no Paraná as relações entre os entes federativos, na perspectiva da construção de um sistemade complementaridade de ações que assegurem direitos sociais. Para tanto, aborda-se, primeiramente, o entendimento da noção de federalismo fiscal aqui utilizada. Na sequência, passa-se a apresentar as características do caso brasileiro. Em seguida, discute-se o processo de descentralização ocorrido no País a partir do período pós-Constituição Federal de 1988, emparticular no Paraná. Após isso, é realizada análise da estrutura e do perfil das despesas orçamentárias do Estado e dos municípios paranaenses, com ênfase nas áreas de educação, saúde e assistência social. Por fim, são apresentadas as considerações finais , em que se destacao desafio de coordenação das políticas sociais para o enfrentamento das desigualdades regionais

Evaluation of physical properties of a nanocomposite after aging, bleaching and staining

Purpose: The objective of the in vitro study was to assess the effect accelerated artificial aging, bleaching agents and coffee staining on the color, gloss, roughness and microhardness of a nanocomposite. Materials and methods: 120 (7 x 2 mm) were prepared and randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 60) depending on the aging. Each group was further subdivided into 6 subgroups (n = 10) according to the bleaching and staining as follows: 10% carbamide peroxide (10% CP), 10% CP + staining, 35% hydrogen peroxide (35% HP), 35% HP + staining, without bleaching treatment (WB) and WB + staining. Scanning electron microscopy was performed for qualitative analysis of the resin surface. Data were submitted to 3- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. As for Delta E, multiple comparisons were performed by using Tukey's and Dunnett's tests (alpha = 0.05). Results: The bleaching reduced significantly the microhardness of the nanocomposite in without aging groups. All physical properties were found to be negatively changed after the aging process, with bleaching treatment with 10% CP increasing significantly the roughness and loss of gloss compared to the 35% HP. Staining reduced microhardness of both with and without aging nanocomposite as well as the color of the former (E>25), a significantly different result compared to controls. Conclusions: The bleaching reduced the microhardness of the nanocomposite, whereas the aging process changed all the properties studied. The bleaching favored extrinsic staining of the with aging nanocomposite143E256E265COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESsem informaçã

Latin American cities with higher socioeconomic status are greening from a lower baseline: Evidence from the SALURBAL project

10.1088/1748-9326/ac2a63Environmental Research Letters161010405

Lovastatin decreases the synthesis of inflammatory mediators in the hippocampus and blocks the hyperthermia of rats submitted to long-lasting status epilepticus

Statins may act on inflammatory responses, decreasing oxidative stress and also reducing temperature after a brain ischemic insult. Previous data have indicated that statins protect neurons from death during long-lasting status epilepticus (SE) and attenuate seizure behaviors in animals treated with kainic acid. in this context, the study described here aimed to investigate the effect of lovastatin on body temperature and on mRNA expression levels of hippocampal cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor a, and kinin B1 and B2 receptors of rats submitted to pilocarpine-induced SE. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed a significant decrease in mRNA expression of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor a, and kinin B1 receptor in animals with SE treated with lovastatin, compared with untreated animals with SE (P<0.001). Lovastatin also reduced SE-induced hyperthermia, indicating that mechanisms related to brain protection are triggered by this drug under conditions associated with acute excitotoxicity or long-lasting SE. (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)CinAPCeUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Neurol & Neurocirurg, BR-862 Botucatu, SP, BrazilUniv Nove Julho, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Bioquim, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Norte, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Neurol & Neurocirurg, BR-862 Botucatu, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Bioquim, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc