The lack of knowledge on acute stroke in Brazil: A cross-sectional study with children, adolescents, and adults from public schools

Objective: Stroke is an important cause of disability and death in adults worldwide. However, it is preventable in most cases and treatable as long as patients recognize it and reach capable medical facilities in time. This community-based study investigated students' stroke knowledge, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) activation, associated risk factors, warning signs and symptoms, and prior experience from different educational levels in the KIDS SAVE LIVES BRAZIL project. Methods: The authors conducted the survey with a structured questionnaire in 2019‒2020. Results: Students from the elementary-school (n = 1187, ∼13 y.o., prior experience: 14%, 51% women), high-school (n = 806, ∼17 y.o., prior experience: 13%, 47% women) and University (n = 1961, ∼22 y.o., prior experience: 9%, 66% women) completed the survey. Among the students, the awareness of stroke general knowledge, associated risk factors, and warning signs and symptoms varied between 42%‒66%. When stimulated, less than 52% of the students associated stroke with hypercholesterolemia, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension. When stimulated, 62%‒65% of students recognized arm weakness, facial drooping, and speech difficulty; only fewer identified acute headache (43%). Interestingly, 67% knew the EMS number; 81% wanted to have stroke education at school, and ∼75% wanted it mandatory. Women, higher education, and prior experience were associated with higher scores of knowing risk factors (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.10‒1.48; OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.87‒2.40; OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.16‒1.83; respectively), and warning signs- symptoms (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.89‒2.60; OR = 3.30, 95% CI: 2.81‒3.87; OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.58‒2.63; respectively). Conclusion: Having higher education, prior experience, and being a woman increases stroke-associated risk factors, and warning signs and symptoms identification. Schoolchildren and adolescents should be the main target population for stroke awareness

Storage time evaluation of a residue from wine industry as a microencapsulated corrosion inhibitor for 1 M HCl

The effect of a residue from wine industry was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for API P110 steel in hydrochloric acid. The extract was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and chromatography. The influence of temperature (303–333 K) and grape peel extract concentration were studied using gravimetric and electrochemical experiments. The coupon surfaces were evaluated using microscopy techniques, FTIR-ATR and the contact angle. The by-product exhibited high weight loss efficiencies at 303 K with 4.0 g/L of the extract (83.81%) even after storage. The inhibition increased with the addition of an inorganic enhancer, indicating a synergistic effect between the active compounds and maximum efficiency of 94.48%. Polarization tests indicated that the inhibitor adsorbs on anodic and cathodic regions. The surface characterization techniques confirmed the formation of an organic film and a less attacked surface was observed for the inhibited system