PROJETO GENERATIVO E OTIMIZAÇÃO DE DESEMPENHO IEQ DE EDIFÍCIOS ESCOLARES COM BASE EM UM ALGORITMO PARAMÉTRICO

This research aims to examine the potential of generative and optimization algorithms in the early stage of a school building design in Tabriz to achieve better IEQ. It also investigates the compatibility of the evolutionary optimization tools combined with a parametric model in stimulating building comfort performance in achieving an optimized design. This process includes four steps: defining the parametric building model, defining its material and construction properties, stimulation of thermal and visual comfort and carbon dioxide concentration, optimization, and choosing the best result. The adaptive PMV model is used for thermal comfort, imageless daylight glare probability is used for visual comfort, and a CO2 concentration is used for IAQ assessment. It was found that the performance of the options introduced by the algorithm is more appropriate than the design prototype. However, the results show that the samples are acceptable in carbon dioxide concentration. What needs further investigation is thermal and visual comfort. Among the studied variables on IEQ performance, the WWR ratio of the southern wall had the most significant impact. Based on the optimization results, thermal comfort changed in the range of 10%, visual comfort in the range of 30%, and CO2 concentration in the range of 0.19%.Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo examinar os potenciais de algoritmos generativos e de otimização na fase inicial de um projeto de edifício escolar em Tabriz para obter um melhor IEQ. Também investiga a compatibilidade das ferramentas de otimização evolutiva combinadas com um modelo paramétrico para estimular o desempenho de conforto de construção na obtenção de um design otimizado. Este processo inclui quatro etapas: definição do modelo paramétrico de construção, definição de suas propriedades materiais e construtivas, estimulação do conforto térmico e visual e da concentração de dióxido de carbono, otimização e escolha do melhor resultado. O modelo adaptativo PMV é usado para conforto térmico, a probabilidade de ofuscamento da luz do dia sem imagens é usada para conforto visual, uma concentração de CO2 é usada para avaliação de IAQ. A investigação revelou que o desempenho das opções introduzidas pelo algoritmo é mais adequado do que o protótipo de projecto. No entanto, os resultados mostram que as amostras são aceitáveis na concentração de dióxido de carbono. É necessário mais investigação para conforto térmico e visual. Dentre as variáveis estudadas sobre o desempenho do IEQ, a relação WWR da parede sul teve o impacto mais significativo. Com base nos resultados da otimização, o conforto térmico mudou na faixa de 10%, o conforto visual na faixa de 30% e a concentração de CO2 na faixa de 0,19%

Assessment of the role of technical vocational education and training (TVET) in creating opportunities and capacities required at home businesses

Background and Objectives:The world today, with the development of technology and the resulting wide-ranging changes, has forced countries to shift from a "resource-based economy" approach to a "knowledge-based economy" approach, and this has led to three axes of innovation, technology and competence. The process of development and progress is of considerable importance. Improving the competencies and skills of human resources and their learning abilities through lifelong training such as technical and vocational training are the most important tools to access this axis. On the other hand, the training of human resources required by societies in the form of technical and vocational training from the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, has attracted the attention of many countries around the world. Following scientific and industrial advances after World War II, these teachings expanded unprecedentedly in the world. As of today, the technical and vocational training of the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare after education is moving in many countries, especially in industrial societies, to meet the economic and social needs as much as possible. It can be claimed that technical and vocational trainings, due to the combination of theoretical and practical trainings, have a great capacity to form human capital and train scientific workers. The role of employment in the dynamics of human life is undeniable and it can be considered as the center of human-community relations. Today's world is witnessing major changes in business and work environments. On the one hand, organizations are becoming smaller and more flexible, and on the other hand, the boundaries between home and work are blurring. In fact, the development of small and fast-growing enterprises in most of the world's economic systems is now accepted as a necessity. Meanwhile, the training of technical and professional organizations in home-based businesses, due to the alignment of theoretical and practical training, have a considerable ability to form human capital. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of technical and vocational training in creating opportunities and capacities in relation to home-based jobs in Qazvin. Methods: According to the community of home-based businesses in Qazvin, the type of research is based on documentary and field studies of a population of 100 members. The research instrument was a questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed Findings: The chi-square test was used to analyze the inferential statistics. Results were analyzed by SPSS software and indicated that the significance level of the critical value is lower supporting significant impact for technical and vocational training on home jobs. Also, the significant impact of the goals of technical and vocational education has been confirmed on creating more opportunities in relation to home-based businesses. But reaching this goal requires more attention from relevant authorities in this regard. Conclusion: Home business can be one of the best offers for people in today's situation; but walking this transcendent path requires overcoming the fears inevitably raise during the action and prevent the individual from moving in the direction that leads to individual and collective growth. The important thing is that one needs ideas that can be commercialized to get started. In fact, when an idea comes to their mind, they should visualize how to implement it as a roadmap for themselves, and if they see the success of implementing that idea in their desired conditions, they should start working. In addition, the discussion of counseling should not be neglected. Observing and examining people who have been able to achieve increasing success in similar situations can be another suggestion that acts as an accelerator in the path of work, technical and professional training in the meantime can be a significant way to achieve the goals of employees in the field including home businesses

The Effect of Architectural Design Parameters on IEQ in Accomplishing School Smartification

Purpose: The study aims to study the effect of architectural design parameters on IEQ in accomplishing school smartification. Method: The research was conducted in school buildings located in Tabriz, Iran. The indicators chosen to represent IEQ are the adaptive PMV model used for thermal comfort, imageless daylight glare probability used for visual comfort, and CO2 concentration used for IAQ assessment. The simulation technique was used to collect data for a generative parametric school model. The method of data analysis includes a multivariate linear regression algorithm, t-test statistic, and one-way analysis of variance. The studied variables are dimensions of classrooms with the fixed area, Percentage of window area on a wall, window height, Shading, and protrusions in plan design. The stepwise method for multivariate linear regression in SPSS was used to assess the vital IEQ indicator in terms of thermal and visual comfort and CO2 concentration. Findings: The study found that among studied indicators, the south facade window ratio significantly correlates with IEQ. The other CRI parameters are the north window ratio and north window height. the findings revealed that to increase the IEQ in schools, facade design is more critical than the plan. The higher the window surface on the south, north, west, and east faces, the greater the thermal comfort and glare probability is. Conclusion: However, increasing the height of the windows can reduce glare and also increase thermal comfort. Thermal comfort improves as the length of the southern classrooms rises. On the bright side, it has no noticeable glare effect

The Effects of Building Glass Façade Geometry on Wind Infiltration and Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption

The control of energy loss through building envelopes has always been a passive design solution for architecture and improvements in space quality. A significant factor is the control of infiltration through the geometry of the glass façades of buildings. The uncontrolled input air flow from the outside into an interior space is known as infiltration. The main infiltration factor is the pressure difference between a building’s interior and exterior. This difference might result from the interaction of the wind with the façade. Other possible causes are the stack effect and mechanical ventilation. There is a fundamental question about the effects of the outer glass shell geometry on wind infiltration and building energy consumption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the geometries of building façades with glass materials in different climates and to measure wind infiltration. Consequently, building energy simulations were performed to calculate the infiltration rates in building shells with different geometries. Four forms were simulated, and the effects of the wind infiltration-induced air exchange on heating and cooling energy consumption were evaluated in four climates in Iran. The results indicate that convex geometry reduces the wind pressure in the outer shell and the air exchange rate resulting from the infiltration; thus, heating and cooling energy consumption is reduced

Climatic effects on school buildings : methods of optimising the energy performance of school buildings in the different climatic regions of Iran

Since the 1970s, over a thirty-year period, awareness of the limitation in fossil fuel reserves has been increased steadily and international attention has been given to an energy conservative way of life. Like many developing countries, today Iran is beset with serious energy supply difficulties. The main issues are the rapid increase in energy demand/cost, air pollution caused by over use of fossil fuels (usually used in buildings for heating purposes), the limitation of fossil fuel resources and the difficulties in the transportation and distribution of fossil fuel especially in winter around the country. Therefore, it is crucial to adopt a new strategy for sustainable energy use and to consider the application of renewable energy technologies in the design of buildings. Solar energy is one of the most significant and technically exploitable renewable energy resources available in Iran. This needs to be taken into account seriously, regarding both economical and environmental problems in that country. Since school buildings in Iran are one of the major consumes of energy for heating, cooling and lighting purposes and according to their inappropriate current design from the energy efficiency point of view, this study has been performed with the aim of developing methods of optimising the energy performance of school buildings in Iran and promoting low energy architecture in the design of these buildings in different climatic regions of Iran. For this purpose, first the Iranian climatic has been reviewed and appropriate classification was presented. Since solar radiation data have not been calculated in Iran so far, there was a need for a precise calculation of solar radiation for each and every city in order to better exploit the benefits of solar energy for the future of this country. Therefore, the method of calculation of solar radiation in different cities of Iran based on European Solar Atlas and Islamic Republic of Iran Meteorological Organisation's statistics was presented and a spreadsheet excel program was developed for the calculation of solar radiation data of 152 cities of Iran. A comparison has been made between the excel program and Meteonorm. The result showed that the excel program data were more useful in that they were more precise and much more reliable compared to Meteonorm data for Iran. Also, based on solar radiation data another excel program (based on the admittance method) was developed for the calculation of heating, cooling and lighting energy use of buildings in Iran. By using this program the effect of window design on the thermal performance of school buildings and the response of walls and roofs to solar radiation was investigated in hot climates. Substantial saving in the annual running cost of school buildings as much as 14% was achieved under appropriate window arrangement. In order to explore the problems of existing design, a case study has been performed on current schools design in Iran and the energy use of these schools was analysed

Today’s Architecture Education and the Future Concerns

Nowadays, the concern about the future of architecture education has been growing. It seems that the existing models of teaching and practicing architecture may not be appropriate to address the challenges of tomorrow. Not only has there been little consideration of the future of architecture but even less about the inclusion of the futures thinking within the architectural curriculum. While thinking about future is so important, particularly for current students who lives and works the future. This paper presents arguments for the necessity of futures thinking within the architectural curriculum of tomorrow. In this regard, attention to future is investigated from modernism till now to gain the right view to past, today and future problems; specially criticized view to today problem in order to prepare the future. Concerns about today architecture and their solutions have been considered to find out the basis of future architecture education. In fact in this way not only has history of architecture taught but also future of architecture is considered. This article shaped based on a developing research. This kind of research is similar to applied researches. The goal of this research is the planning and codification of the problems about quality of architecture education in the future. So, firstly in this paper the condition and situation of today architecture education has studied and then (secondly) according to developing research results, the conclusion for solving the available problems has extracted. The aim of this research is to determine how available situation would improve or is there any method or model to improve this situation or not. Generally, it can be said that the aim of this article is in the area of improving the situations, methods, equipments and structures of architecture education in future in Iran .In order to data gathering in this article, the researcher used a combined method: analyzing the documents and references and using questionnaire method. In this method the results extracted from comparative literature about each part and quantitative data analyzing via evaluating the questionnaires by descriptive and inferential methods

The Effect of Architectural Design Parameters on IEQ in Accomplishing School Smartification

Purpose: The study aims to study the effect of architectural design parameters on IEQ in accomplishing school smartification.Method: The research was conducted in school buildings located in Tabriz, Iran. The indicators chosen to represent IEQ are the adaptive PMV model used for thermal comfort, imageless daylight glare probability used for visual comfort, and CO2 concentration used for IAQ assessment. The simulation technique was used to collect data for a generative parametric school model. The method of data analysis includes a multivariate linear regression algorithm, t-test statistic, and one-way analysis of variance. The studied variables are dimensions of classrooms with the fixed area, Percentage of window area on a wall, window height, Shading, and protrusions in plan design. The stepwise method for multivariate linear regression in SPSS was used to assess the vital IEQ indicator in terms of thermal and visual comfort and CO2 concentration.Findings: The study found that among studied indicators, the south facade window ratio significantly correlates with IEQ. The other CRI parameters are the north window ratio and north window height. the findings revealed that to increase the IEQ in schools, facade design is more critical than the plan. The higher the window surface on the south, north, west, and east faces, the greater the thermal comfort and glare probability is.Conclusion: However, increasing the height of the windows can reduce glare and also increase thermal comfort. Thermal comfort improves as the length of the southern classrooms rises. On the bright side, it has no noticeable glare effect