Investigation and study of a multi-aperture antenna system final report, 1 jan. - 1 apr. 1964

Multiple aperture adaptive antenna system for telemetry reception from remote space vehicle

Boundary Interactions of Rough non-Gaussian Surfaces

Surface topography is important as it influences contact load-carrying capacity and operational efficiency through generated friction, as well as wear. As a result, a plethora of machining processes and surface finishing techniques have been developed. These processes yield topographies, which are often non-Gaussian, with roughness parameters that alter hierarchically according to their interaction heights. They are also subject to change through processes of rapid initial running-in wear as well as any subsequent gradual wear and embedding. The stochastic nature of the topography makes for complexity of contact mechanics of rough surfaces, which was first addressed by the pioneering work of Greenwood and Williamson, which among other issues is commemorated by this contribution. It is shown that their seminal contribution, based on idealised Gaussian topography and mean representation of asperity geometry should be extended for practical applications where surfaces are often non-Gaussian, requiring the inclusion of surface-specific data which also evolve through process of wear. The paper highlights a process dealing with practical engineering surfaces from laboratory-based testing using a sliding tribometer to accelerated fired engine testing for high performance applications of cross-hatched honed cylinder liners. Such an approach has not hitherto been reported in literature

Controlling Light Through Optical Disordered Media : Transmission Matrix Approach

We experimentally measure the monochromatic transmission matrix (TM) of an optical multiple scattering medium using a spatial light modulator together with a phase-shifting interferometry measurement method. The TM contains all information needed to shape the scattered output field at will or to detect an image through the medium. We confront theory and experiment for these applications and we study the effect of noise on the reconstruction method. We also extracted from the TM informations about the statistical properties of the medium and the light transport whitin it. In particular, we are able to isolate the contributions of the Memory Effect (ME) and measure its attenuation length

Transcriptomics-Based Network Medicine Approach Identifies Metformin as a Repurposable Drug for Atrial Fibrillation

Effective drugs for atrial fibrillation (AF) are lacking, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. This study demonstrates that network proximity analysis of differentially expressed genes from atrial tissue to drug tar-gets can help prioritize repurposed drugs for AF. Using enrichment analysis of drug-gene signatures and functional testing in human inducible pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived atrial-like cardiomyocytes, we identify metformin as a top repurposed drug candidate for AF. Using the active compactor, a new design analysis of large-scale longitudinal electronic health record (EHR) data, we determine that metformin use is significantly associated with a reduced risk of AF (odds ratio = 0.48, 95%, confidence interval [CI] 0.36- 0.64, p \u3c 0.001) compared with standard treatments for diabetes. This study utilizes network medicine meth-odologies to identify repurposed drugs for AF treatment and identifies metformin as a candidate drug

On Second-Order Monadic Monoidal and Groupoidal Quantifiers

We study logics defined in terms of second-order monadic monoidal and groupoidal quantifiers. These are generalized quantifiers defined by monoid and groupoid word-problems, equivalently, by regular and context-free languages. We give a computational classification of the expressive power of these logics over strings with varying built-in predicates. In particular, we show that ATIME(n) can be logically characterized in terms of second-order monadic monoidal quantifiers

Improving procedural fidelity of behavioural interventions for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review

Background: Despite its importance within behavioural intervention, it remains unclear how best to achieve high procedural fidelity. This paper reviewed studies on improving procedural fidelity of behavioural interventions for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Method: A systematic literature search was conducted, which identified 20 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Data were extracted on study design, participant characteristics, intervention, target behaviours, effect sizes, maintenance, generalisation, and social validity. A quality rating was also applied. Results: A total of 100 participants took part in the included studies. Most participants were teachers working with children in school settings. There was a significant positive correlation between level of procedural fidelity and client outcomes. Feedback was the most commonly employed intervention to improve procedural fidelity. Conclusions: More research should be conducted in environments with high levels of variability such as community homes to determine how to reach and maintain high levels of procedural fidelity

Outcome of ATP-based tumor chemosensitivity assay directed chemotherapy in heavily pre-treated recurrent ovarian carcinoma

BACKGROUND: We wished to evaluate the clinical response following ATP-Tumor Chemosensitivity Assay (ATP-TCA) directed salvage chemotherapy in a series of UK patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The results are compared with that of a similar assay used in a different country in terms of evaluability and clinical endpoints. METHODS: From November 1998 to November 2001, 46 patients with pre-treated, advanced ovarian cancer were given a total of 56 courses of chemotherapy based on in-vitro ATP-TCA responses obtained from fresh tumor samples or ascites. Forty-four patients were evaluable for results. Of these, 18 patients had clinically platinum resistant disease (relapse < 6 months after first course of chemotherapy). There was evidence of cisplatin resistance in 31 patients from their first ATP-TCA. Response to treatment was assessed by radiology, clinical assessment and tumor marker level (CA 125). RESULTS: The overall response rate was 59% (33/56) per course of chemotherapy, including 12 complete responses, 21 partial responses, 6 with stable disease, and 15 with progressive disease. Two patients were not evaluable for response having received just one cycle of chemotherapy: if these were excluded the response rate is 61%. Fifteen patients are still alive. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 6.6 months per course of chemotherapy; median overall survival (OAS) for each patient following the start of TCA-directed therapy was 10.4 months (95% confidence interval 7.9-12.8 months). CONCLUSION: The results show similar response rates to previous studies using ATP-TCA directed therapy in recurrent ovarian cancer. The assay shows high evaluability and this study adds weight to the reproducibility of results from different centre

Das Zerstörungspotenzial von Big Data und Künstlicher Intelligenz für die Demokratie

Der Ansatz, Massendaten („Big Data“) mit den heutigen mächtigen, nach wie vor exponentiell wachsenden Computerkapazitäten und dazu passenden Methoden zu erfassen, zu speichern, zu durchforsten, zu kombinieren und auszuwerten, hat auch für die Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) neue Impulse und Möglichkeiten geschaffen. Diese rücken einerseits alte KI-Träume näher in den Bereich des Realen, können aber andererseits ein großes zerstörerisches Potenzial entfalten. Damit gehen neue Bedrohungen einher, unter anderem für die Datenintegrität, Persönlichkeitsrechte und Privatheit, für die Unabhängigkeit von Wissen und Information sowie für den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt. Neue Medien wie Facebook oder Twitter, übermächtige IT-Konzerne wie Google oder Amazon sowie die fortschreitende Digitalisierung alltäglicher Vorgänge und Gegenstände („Internet der Dinge“) spielen dabei eine entscheidende Mittlerrolle