Accuracy analysis of reacheble sets computation generalized algebraic approach for linearized discret-time systems

In this paper, problem of reachable set comparison of the nonlinear continuous controlled system and linearized discrete-time system is considered. As the controlled plant we use the model of aircraft in which the motion is described by nonlinear differential equation system. The initial plant model is reduced to linear discrete-time form. The description of generalized recurrent method of the linear system reachable sets computation is provided and the comparative analysis of the received results with an initial reachable set of the nonlinear controlled system is made.Рассматривается задача сравнения областей достижимости непрерывной нелинейной и линеаризованной дискретной управляемых динамических систем. В качестве объекта управления используется модель летательного аппарата, движение которого описывается системой нелинейных динамических уравнений. Производится преобразование исходной модели объекта к дискретному линейному виду. Приводится описание общего алгебраического метода построения области достижимости и производится сравнительный анализ областей достижимости исходной нелинейной непрерывной и линейной дискретной динамических систем

TEnvR: MATLAB-Based Toolbox for Environmental Research

With the advancements in science and technology, datasets become larger and more multivariate, which warrants the need for programming tools for fast data processing and multivariate statistical analysis. Here, the MATLAB-based Toolbox for Environmental Research TEnvR (pronounced ten-ver ) is introduced. This novel toolbox includes 44 open-source codes for automated data analysis from a multitude of techniques, such as ultraviolet-visible, fluorescence, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, as well as from ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Provided are codes for processing data (e.g., spectral corrections, formula assignment), visualization of figures, calculation of metrics, multivariate statistics, and automated work-up of large datasets. TEnvR allows for efficient data analysis with minimal by-hand manual work by the user, which allows scientists to do research more efficiently. This manuscript is supplemented with a detailed tutorial, example data, and screenshots, which collectively provide instructions on how to use all codes. TEnvR is novice-friendly and experience in programming with MATLAB is not required. TEnvR fulfills the need for a concise MATLAB-based toolbox for working with environmental data and will be updated annually to keep pace with the latest advances and needs for computational work in the environmental sciences

The Optimal Open-Loop Temonal Control for Spacecraft Rendezvous Problem

The paper proposes a method for solving of optimal terminal open-loop control problem of spacecraft rendez-vous. The initial model is a nonlinear differential equations, which describes the relative motion dynamics in the central gravitational field of the Earth. The original system is replaced by its linear recurrence approximation, and then using the functions of constructing forward and backward reachable sets, the optimal terminal open-loop control problem is solved.В работе предлагается способ решения задачи оптимального программного терминального управления сближением двух космических аппаратов. В качестве исходной модели выбирается нелинейная система дифференциальных уравнений, описывающая динамику относительного движения в центральном поле тяготения Земли. Исходная система заменяется ее линейной рекуррентной аппроксимацией, после чего с использованием аппарата построения прямых и обратных областей достижимости решается задача оптимального программного терминального управления

Biolability of Fresh and Photodegraded Pyrogenic Dissolved Organic Matter From Laboratory-Prepared Chars

Pyrogenic dissolved organic matter (pyDOM) is known to be an important biogeochemical constituent of aquatic ecosystems and the carbon cycle. While recent studies have examined how pyDOM production, composition, and photolability varies with parent pyrogenic solid material type, we lack an understanding of potential microbial mineralization and transformation of pyDOM in the biogeosphere. Thus, leachates of oak, charred at 400 °C and 650 °C, as well as their photodegraded counterparts were incubated with a soil‐extracted microbial consortium over 96 days. During the incubation, significantly more carbon was biomineralized from the lower versus higher temperature char leachate (45% vs. 37% lost, respectively). Further, the photodegraded leachates were biomineralized to significantly greater extents than their fresh non‐photodegraded counterparts. Kinetic modeling identified the mineralizable pyDOC fractions to have half‐lives of 9–13 days. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that the majority of this loss could be attributed to low molecular weight constituents of pyDOM (i.e., simple alcohols and acids). Further, the quantification of benzenepolycarboxylic acid (BPCA) molecular markers indicated that condensed aromatic compounds in pyDOM were biomineralized to much lesser extents (4.4% and 10.1% decrease in yields of ΣBPCA‐C over 66 days from 400 °C and 650 °C oak pyDOM, respectively), but most of this loss could be attributed to the biomineralization of smaller condensed clusters (four aromatic rings or less). These results highlight the contrasting bioavailability of different portions of pyDOM, and the need to examine both to evaluate its role in soil or aquatic heterotrophy and its environmental fate in the hydrogeosphere

Biolability of Fresh and Photodegraded Pyrogenic Dissolved Organic Matter From Laboratory-Prepared Chars

Pyrogenic dissolved organic matter (pyDOM) is known to be an important biogeochemical constituent of aquatic ecosystems and the carbon cycle. While recent studies have examined how pyDOM production, composition, and photolability varies with parent pyrogenic solid material type, we lack an understanding of potential microbial mineralization and transformation of pyDOM in the biogeosphere. Thus, leachates of oak, charred at 400 °C and 650 °C, as well as their photodegraded counterparts were incubated with a soil‐extracted microbial consortium over 96 days. During the incubation, significantly more carbon was biomineralized from the lower versus higher temperature char leachate (45% vs. 37% lost, respectively). Further, the photodegraded leachates were biomineralized to significantly greater extents than their fresh non‐photodegraded counterparts. Kinetic modeling identified the mineralizable pyDOC fractions to have half‐lives of 9–13 days. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that the majority of this loss could be attributed to low molecular weight constituents of pyDOM (i.e., simple alcohols and acids). Further, the quantification of benzenepolycarboxylic acid (BPCA) molecular markers indicated that condensed aromatic compounds in pyDOM were biomineralized to much lesser extents (4.4% and 10.1% decrease in yields of ΣBPCA‐C over 66 days from 400 °C and 650 °C oak pyDOM, respectively), but most of this loss could be attributed to the biomineralization of smaller condensed clusters (four aromatic rings or less). These results highlight the contrasting bioavailability of different portions of pyDOM, and the need to examine both to evaluate its role in soil or aquatic heterotrophy and its environmental fate in the hydrogeosphere

Integrated management of chronic kidney disease: Analysis of an innovative policy in Portugal

The implementation in Portugal of a model for integrated management of disease applied to the end-stage renal disease, from 2008 onwards, has completely restructured the way of providing care, as well as the payment and follow-up of patients under dialysis. This article describes the steps taken by the Ministry of Health, in terms of the planning, implementation and follow-up of the policy, with a particular focus on the importance of involving the various groups of interest, the leadership, as well as the capacity of negotiation and influence of the Government

The need for multidisciplinarity in specialist training to optimize future patient care

Harmonious interactions between radiation, medical, interventional and surgical oncologists, as well as other members of multidisciplinary teams, are essential for the optimization of patient care in oncology. This multidisciplinary approach is particularly important in the current landscape, in which standard-of-care approaches to cancer treatment are evolving towards highly targeted treatments, precise image guidance and personalized cancer therapy. Herein, we highlight the importance of multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity at all levels of clinical oncology training. Potential deficits in the current career development pathways and suggested strategies to broaden clinical training and research are presented, with specific emphasis on the merits of trainee involvement in functional multidisciplinary teams. Finally, the importance of training in multidisciplinary research is discussed, with the expectation that this awareness will yield the most fertile ground for future discoveries. Our key message is for cancer professionals to fulfil their duty in ensuring that trainees appreciate the importance of multidisciplinary research and practice

Control of Transcription by Cell Size

Cell size increases significantly with increasing ploidy. Differences in cell size and ploidy are associated with alterations in gene expression, although no direct connection has been made between cell size and transcription. Here we show that ploidy-associated changes in gene expression reflect transcriptional adjustment to a larger cell size, implicating cellular geometry as a key parameter in gene regulation. Using RNA-seq, we identified genes whose expression was altered in a tetraploid as compared with the isogenic haploid. A significant fraction of these genes encode cell surface proteins, suggesting an effect of the enlarged cell size on the differential regulation of these genes. To test this hypothesis, we examined expression of these genes in haploid mutants that also produce enlarged size. Surprisingly, many genes differentially regulated in the tetraploid are identically regulated in the enlarged haploids, and the magnitude of change in gene expression correlates with the degree of size enlargement. These results indicate a causal relationship between cell size and transcription, with a size-sensing mechanism that alters transcription in response to size. The genes responding to cell size are enriched for those regulated by two mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and components in those pathways were found to mediate size-dependent gene regulation. Transcriptional adjustment to enlarged cell size could underlie other cellular changes associated with polyploidy. The causal relationship between cell size and transcription suggests that cell size homeostasis serves a regulatory role in transcriptome maintenance.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant GM035010)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant GM040266